Proteases from Endophytic Fungi with Potential Industrial Applications

2019 ◽  
pp. 319-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchandra Mandal ◽  
Debdulal Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Industrial Applications

scholarly journals Bioactive Products from Endophytic Fungi of Sages (Salvia spp.)

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Zimowska ◽  
Monika Bielecka ◽  
Barbara Abramczyk ◽  
Rosario Nicoletti
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Disruptive Innovation ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
The World

In the aim of implementing new technologies, sustainable solutions and disruptive innovation to sustain biodiversity and reduce environmental pollution, there is a growing interest by researchers all over the world in bioprospecting endophytic microbial communities as an alternative source of bioactive compounds to be used for industrial applications. Medicinal plants represent a considerable source of endophytic fungi of outstanding importance, which highlights the opportunity of identifying and screening endophytes associated with this unique group of plants, widespread in diverse locations and biotopes, in view of assessing their biotechnological potential. As the first contribution of a series of papers dedicated to the Lamiaceae, this article reviews the occurrence and properties of endophytic fungi associated with sages (Salvia spp.).

scholarly journals Biotransformation ability of endophytic fungi: from species evolution to industrial applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (19) ◽  
pp. 7095-7113
Author(s):  
Xi Liu ◽  
Zhong-Ya Zhou ◽  
Jin-Long Cui ◽  
Meng-Liang Wang ◽  
Jun-Hong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Species Evolution

scholarly journals Diversity and Distribution Patterns of Endolichenic Fungi in Jeju Island, South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3769
Author(s):  
Seung-Yoon Oh ◽  
Ji Ho Yang ◽  
Jung-Jae Woo ◽  
Soon-Ok Oh ◽  
Jae-Seoun Hur
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
Lichen Diversity ◽  
Endolichenic Fungi

Lichens are symbiotic organisms containing diverse microorganisms. Endolichenic fungi (ELF) are one of the inhabitants living in lichen thalli, and have potential ecological and industrial applications due to their various secondary metabolites. As the function of endophytic fungi on the plant ecology and ecosystem sustainability, ELF may have an influence on the lichen diversity and the ecosystem, functioning similarly to the influence of endophytic fungi on plant ecology and ecosystem sustainability, which suggests the importance of understanding the diversity and community pattern of ELF. In this study, we investigated the diversity and the factors influencing the community structure of ELF in Jeju Island, South Korea by analyzing 619 fungal isolates from 79 lichen samples in Jeju Island. A total of 112 ELF species was identified and the most common species belonged to Xylariales in Sordariomycetes. The richness and community structure of ELF were significantly influenced by the host taxonomy, together with the photobiont types and environmental factors. Our results suggest that various lichen species in more diverse environments need to be analyzed to expand our knowledge of the diversity and ecology of ELF.

scholarly journals Screening of metabolites from endophytic fungi of some Nigerian medicinal plants for antimicrobial activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Eze ◽  
Joy C. Nnanna ◽  
Ugochukwu Okezie ◽  
Happiness S. Buzugbe ◽  
Chika C. Abba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Fungal Extracts

AbstractEndophytic fungi associated with Nigerian plants have recently generated significant interest in drug discovery programmes due to their immense potential to contribute to the discovery of new bioactive compounds. This study was carried out to investigate the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi isolated from leaves ofNewbouldia laevis, Ocimum gratissimum, andCarica papayaThe plants were collected from Agulu, Anambra State, South-East Nigeria. Endophytic fungal isolation, fungal fermentation; and extraction of secondary metabolites were carried out using standard methods. The crude extracts were screened for antimicrobial activities using the agar well diffusion method, and were also subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis to identify their constituents. A total of five endophytic fungi was isolated, two fromN. laevis(NL-L1 and NL-L2), one fromO. gratissimum(SL-L1), and two fromC. papaya(PPL-LAC and PPL-LE2). In the antimicrobial assay, the extracts of NL-L2, SL-L1, and PPL-LE2 displayed mild antibacterial activity against both Gram negative and Gram positive test bacteria. PPL-LAC extract showed mild activity only againstS. aureus, while no antimicrobial activity was recorded for NL-L1 extract. All the endophytic fungal extracts showed no activity against the test fungiC. albicansandA. fumigatusHPLC analysis of the fungal extracts revealed the presence of ethyl 4-hydroxyphenyl acetate and ferulic acid in NL-L1; ruspolinone in NL-L2; protocatechuic acid, scytalone, and cladosporin in SL-L1; indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-carbaldehyde in PPL-LE2; and indole-3-acetic acid in PPL-LAC. The findings of this study revealed the potentials possessed by these plants as source of endophytes that express biological active compounds. These endophytes hold key of possibilities to the discovery of novel molecules for pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial applications.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation and Tissues Specificity of Endophytic Fungi of Dillenia Indica L. and their Extracellular Enzymatic Activity.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar ◽  
I. B. Prasher
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Ligninolytic Enzymes ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Dillenia Indica ◽  
Living Tissues ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract Endophytes are an unexplored group of microbes that live inside the living tissues of healthy plants without any visible symptoms of the disease. This study focused on the exploration and characterisation of culturable endophytic fungi inhabiting in different parts the medicinal plant Dillenia indica L during different seasons. A total of 2360 segments from different parts like leaves (820), stems (820) and fruits (720) were screened to isolate endophytic fungi from the plants growing in Botanical Gardens of Panjab University, Chandigarh (India), during different seasons i.e., Summer, Spring, Autumn and Winter of the years 2018 and 2019. A total of twenty-five (25) species of fungi belonging to twenty (20) genera were isolated from the selected plant during different seasons. The plant has the highest affinity for Lasiodiplodia theobromae followed by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Cladosporium cladosporides. The percentage frequency was found to be 96%, 64% and 20% for leaves, stems and fruits. The colonization rate for leaves, stems and fruits was 55.6%, 25.6% and 8.8%. The isolated fungi were identified by morphological, microscopic and molecular characteristics. Monsoon (Rainy season) had the highest number of isolates (312 isolates), followed by summer (208 isolates), Winter (164 isolates) and Autumn (114 isolates). Species diversity was highest during the rainy season (19 species) and lowest during the Winter (12 species). The isolated fungi also produce extracellular enzymes such as amylase, lipase, protease, asparaginase, cellulase and ligninolytic enzymes. The results indicate that Dillenia indica L. harbors novel endophytic fungi having agricultural, medical and industrial applications.

scholarly journals Highlights on Chaetomium morphology, secondary metabolites and biological activates

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Waill Elkhateeb
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Industrial Applications

Endophytic fungi always attract attention due to their generous production of bioactive and chemically novel compounds that have medical, agriculture, industrial applications. This review focused on Chaetomium as a model of endophytic fungi rich in therapeutic agents that have known medicinal and industrial application. Moreover, understanding the importance of this potent fungus encourage further studies to identify novel metabolites, and at the same time employing already known metabolites to evaluate their activity in order to be used in additional applications.

scholarly journals Insights into the Bioprospecting of the Endophytic Fungi of the Medicinal Plant Palicourea rigida Kunth (Rubiaceae): Detailed Biological Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Igor Romeiro dos Santos ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem ◽  
Marwa T. Mohesien ◽  
Magdalena Piekutowska ◽  
Donia H. Sheir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Palicourea Rigida ◽  
Agricultural Applications

A multitude of plants from the Brazilian savanna are known for their medicinal properties. Many plants contain endophytic fungi, which lead to the production of bioactive compounds by both the fungi and their hosts. This study investigated the bioprospecting of endophytic fungi recovered from the leaves of Palicourea rigida, a native medicinal plant of the Brazilian savanna. Four fungal taxa (Colletotrichum sp. SXS649, Pestalotiopsis sp. SXS650, the order Botryosphaeriales SXS651, and Diaporthe sp. SXS652) were recovered. The phenolic, flavonoid, extracellular degrading enzymes (amylase, cellulase, protease, and tannase) and antioxidant activity of these taxa were determined. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity showed that the Botryosphaeriales SXS651 extract displays a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 23.20 mg mL−1 against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the Diaporthe sp. SXS652 extract exhibited an MIC of 27.00 mg mL−1 against Escherichia coli. The Colletotrichum sp. SXS649 isolate inhibited tumors in potato discs by 69% at a concentration of 9.70 mg mL−1. All isolates had potential bioremediation criteria against soil contaminated with soybean oil, as proved by a high percentage of germination of Lactuca sativa and a reduction in phytotoxicity. Furthermore, the taxa under investigation demonstrated antagonistic action to phytopathogenic fungi, namely, Aspergillus niger, Inonotus rickii, Pestalotiopsis mangiferae, and Coniophora puteana, with an inhibition range between 34.2% and 76.9%. The preliminary toxicity assessment showed that all isolates possessed an LC50 of less than 100 mg mL−1 to the microcrustacean Artemia salina. These results indicate that the endophytic fungi of the Brazilian savanna are promising candidates for biotechnological and industrial applications and, in agricultural applications, for the biological control of phytopathogenic fungi.

The Application of Ultra-Thin Sectioning Techniques to Non-Biological Samples

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
C. F. Oster
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
Embedding Medium

Although ultra-thin sectioning techniques are widely used in the biological sciences, their applications are somewhat less popular but very useful in industrial applications. This presentation will review several specific applications where ultra-thin sectioning techniques have proven invaluable.The preparation of samples for sectioning usually involves embedding in an epoxy resin. Araldite 6005 Resin and Hardener are mixed so that the hardness of the embedding medium matches that of the sample to reduce any distortion of the sample during the sectioning process. No dehydration series are needed to prepare our usual samples for embedding, but some types require hardening and staining steps. The embedded samples are sectioned with either a prototype of a Porter-Blum Microtome or an LKB Ultrotome III. Both instruments are equipped with diamond knives.In the study of photographic film, the distribution of the developed silver particles through the layer is important to the image tone and/or scattering power. Also, the morphology of the developed silver is an important factor, and cross sections will show this structure.

The mensuration of interfaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
W.M. Stobbs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Lattice Resolution ◽  
Analogue To Digital ◽  
The Way

I do not have access to the abstracts of the first meeting of EMSA but at this, the 50th Anniversary meeting of the Electron Microscopy Society of America, I have an excuse to consider the historical origins of the approaches we take to the use of electron microscopy for the characterisation of materials. I have myself been actively involved in the use of TEM for the characterisation of heterogeneities for little more than half of that period. My own view is that it was between the 3rd International Meeting at London, and the 1956 Stockholm meeting, the first of the European series , that the foundations of the approaches we now take to the characterisation of a material using the TEM were laid down. (This was 10 years before I took dynamical theory to be etched in stone.) It was at the 1956 meeting that Menter showed lattice resolution images of sodium faujasite and Hirsch, Home and Whelan showed images of dislocations in the XlVth session on “metallography and other industrial applications”. I have always incidentally been delighted by the way the latter authors misinterpreted astonishingly clear thickness fringes in a beaten (”) foil of Al as being contrast due to “large strains”, an error which they corrected with admirable rapidity as the theory developed. At the London meeting the research described covered a broad range of approaches, including many that are only now being rediscovered as worth further effort: however such is the power of “the image” to persuade that the above two papers set trends which influence, perhaps too strongly, the approaches we take now. Menter was clear that the way the planes in his image tended to be curved was associated with the imaging conditions rather than with lattice strains, and yet it now seems to be common practice to assume that the dots in an “atomic resolution image” can faithfully represent the variations in atomic spacing at a localised defect. Even when the more reasonable approach is taken of matching the image details with a computed simulation for an assumed model, the non-uniqueness of the interpreted fit seems to be rather rarely appreciated. Hirsch et al., on the other hand, made a point of using their images to get numerical data on characteristics of the specimen they examined, such as its dislocation density, which would not be expected to be influenced by uncertainties in the contrast. Nonetheless the trends were set with microscope manufacturers producing higher and higher resolution microscopes, while the blind faith of the users in the image produced as being a near directly interpretable representation of reality seems to have increased rather than been generally questioned. But if we want to test structural models we need numbers and it is the analogue to digital conversion of the information in the image which is required.

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