Zinc Recovery of Low Grade Concentrate from Vazante Mine by the Waelz Process

2020 ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Fabiana M. Teixeira ◽  
Júlia M. Martins ◽  
Eder L. C. Martins ◽  
Pablo S. Pina ◽  
Thiago O. N. Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Grade ◽  
Zinc Recovery ◽  
Waelz Process

scholarly journals Critical importance of pH and collector type on the flotation of sphalerite and galena from a low-grade lead–zinc ore

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolrahim Foroutan ◽  
Majid Abbas Zadeh Haji Abadi ◽  
Yaser Kianinia ◽  
Mahdi Ghadiri
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Zinc Recovery ◽  
Flotation Process ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Lead And Zinc ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrate

AbstractCollector type and pulp pH play an important role in the lead–zinc ore flotation process. In the current study, the effect of pulp pH and the collector type parameters on the galena and sphalerite flotation from a complex lead–zinc–iron ore was investigated. The ethyl xanthate and Aero 3418 collectors were used for lead flotation and Aero 3477 and amyl xanthate for zinc flotation. It was found that maximum lead grade could be achieved by using Aero 3418 as collector at pH 8. Also, iron and zinc recoveries and grades were increased in the lead concentrate at lower pH which caused zinc recovery reduction in the zinc concentrate and decrease the lead grade concentrate. Furthermore, the results showed that the maximum zinc grade and recovery of 42.9% and 76.7% were achieved at pH 6 in the presence of Aero 3477 as collector. For both collectors at pH 5, Zinc recovery was increased around 2–3%; however, the iron recovery was also increased at this pH which reduced the zinc concentrate quality. Finally, pH 8 and pH 6 were selected as optimum pH values for lead and zinc flotation circuits, respectively.

Impact of Pre-Desliming on Flotation of Low-Grade Zinc Oxide Ore from Lanping

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 3385-3389
Author(s):  
Wen Juan Zhao ◽  
Dian Wen Liu ◽  
Xiao Lin Zhang ◽  
Shu Qin Zeng ◽  
Guo Yin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Zinc Recovery ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Flotation Performance ◽  
The Impact

Zinc oxide ore from Lanping contained large amount of fine slime which badly deteriorated flotation performance, and it complexly intergrowed with plenty of alkaline gangues with calcium and magnesium. In order to investigate the impact of pre-desliming on flotation, experiments of direct flotation and pre-desliming flotation were carried out in the work. Finally, a zinc recovery of 88.73% with a Zn grade of 13.93% was obtained in direct flotation test, and a higher zinc recovery of 95.25% with a Zn grade of 13.56% was achieved by pre-desliming flotation. Pre-desliming flotation test was superior to direct flotation test, because of an increase of nearly 7% in zinc recovery under the condition of similar Zn grade. At the same time, dosage of sulfurization agent used in pre-desliming flotation was lower by 46.67% than that in direct flotation, which obviously improved the availability of sulfurization agent. So both product index and economic benefit were enhanced after pre-desliming.

scholarly journals Zinc Recovery from Wulagen Sulfide Flotation Plant Tail by Applying Ether Amine Organic Collectors

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5365
Author(s):  
Zilong Ma ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Xiao Ni ◽  
Yinfei Liao ◽  
Zhian Liang
Keyword(s):  
Froth Flotation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Chain ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Zinc Recovery ◽  
Flotation Tailings ◽  
Sulfide Flotation ◽  
Flotation Tailing ◽  
Flotation Performance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Amine Adsorption

Separating oxidized zinc minerals from flotation tailings is always a challenge. In this study, a flotation tailing from Wulagen zinc mine in China (Zn grade < 1%) was processed using froth flotation with combinations of amines (OPA 10, OPA 1214, OPA 13, DDA) and Na2S to study the effects of these amines on the zinc recovery as well as their interactions with other reagents, aiming to screen out a proper reagent scheme to improve zinc separation from extremely low-grade zinc flotation tailings. The results show that different amines led to different flotation performance, and the collectors were ranked as OPA 1214, OPA 13, OPA 10 and DDA in a decreasing order based on flotation collectivity and selectivity. An increase in the concentration of each collector increased the zinc recovery but reduced the concentrate zinc grade. Interactions were also observed between different amines and Na2S and Na2SiO3, and OPA 1214 outdid the others in saving the usage of both the Na2S and Na2SiO3. The measured adsorption of collector onto smithsonite was found to correlate well with flotation test results. It was concluded that hydrocarbon chains can be held accountable for the difference in the flotation performance with different amines. The longer the hydrocarbon chain, the stronger the hydrophobic association ability of amine, which is conducive to the selective amine adsorption onto sulfurized smithsonite particles and hence the smithsonite flotation.

The Preliminary Investigation of Low Grade Zinc Oxide Ore

2011 ◽  
Vol 201-203 ◽  
pp. 2789-2792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Lin Yang ◽  
Shao Jian Ma ◽  
Gui Fang Wang ◽  
Jin Peng Feng ◽  
Wei Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Zinc Recovery ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Flotation Method ◽  
Metallurgical Processes

Flotation is a conventional way for treating low grade metal oxide ore which has some advantages such as high efficiency and low cost. In order to recover the zinc from a low grade complex zinc oxide ore in which the grade of Zn is 13 wt.%, this paper presents a preliminary investigation of this type of ore by flotation method. In the experiments, the effects of different parameters such as grinding fineness, amount of Na2SiO3, amount of Na2S and amount of octadecylamine were investigated in relation to the metal contents of concentrates. The results show that about 35% of initial Zn content was obtained with 70% -200 mesh grinding fineness, 1000g/t Na2SiO3, 2000g/t Na2S and 500g/t octadecylamine. It is clear that the preliminary flotation tests with the ore sample indicated that there was no selectivity in terms of zinc recovery. Almost 65% zinc remained in the tailings and could not be recovered by flotation due to its complicated mineralogical structure. Therefore, application of metallurgical processes is proposed for zinc recovery from the tailings in the following investigations.

scholarly journals REVIEW: COMPARISON OF ULTRASONICALLY AIDED ZINC BENEFICIATION BY MECHANICAL FLOTATION AND COLUMN FLOTATION CELL

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Ugur Ulusoy ◽  
Hulya Kurşun
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Copper Ore ◽  
Zinc Recovery ◽  
Flotation Cell ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Zinc Mine ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Zinc is a key beneficiary of economic development for the developing countries. While the global zinc mine production in 2019 was recorded as 13 million tons, the value of zinc mined in 2019, based on zinc contained in concentrate, was about $2.1 billion. Sphalerite or zinc blende (ZnS), which is the main source of zinc, provides more than 90 % of zinc productions today. Beneficiation is usually carried out by flotation to produce marketable concentrates (45–55 %Zn). The flotation, which is the most widely used separation process at fine sizes for the concentration of low grade complex Pb-Cu-Zn ores plays an important role in the global economy. In any concentration plant employing flotation technique huge quantity of ores are being processed. Thus, any increments in the flotation recovery are important to get higher profits and to ensure that resources are utilized optimally. In this review, a comparative evaluation was made between mechanical flotation (MF) [1] and column (CF) [2] cells with or without ultrasonic pre-treatment (UP) for zinc recovery from lead-zinc-copper ore and the effect of UP on the MF and CF experiments were investigated at the optimized conditions. When compared with the optimized parameters, UP increased zinc grade and recovery for both MF and CF techniques as supported by XRD patterns. Besides, the best zinc grade and recovery was obtained by UP with CF technique. So that, sphalerite mineral can be effectively beneficiated to produce saleable zinc concentrate product and UP with CF will lead to a higher metallurgical gains and improvements to Net Smelter Return (NSR). This positive effect of ultrasound, which is safe and eco-friendly, on the zinc flotation by both mechanical cell and column cell regarding zinc grade and recovery is in good agreement with the previous published works in the literature

Direct Observation of Crystalline Ordering In Naturally Graphitized Carbon Produced by Low Grade Metamorphism

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
Thomas R. McKee ◽  
Peter R. Buseck
Keyword(s):  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphitized Carbon ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Commercial Carbon ◽  
Metamorphic Zone

Sediments commonly contain organic material which appears as refractory carbonaceous material in metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. Grew and others have shown that relative carbon content, crystallite size, X-ray crystallinity and development of well-ordered graphite crystal structure of the carbonaceous material increases with increasing metamorphic grade. The graphitization process is irreversible and appears to be continous from the amorphous to the completely graphitized stage. The most dramatic chemical and crystallographic changes take place within the chlorite metamorphic zone.The detailed X-ray investigation of crystallite size and crystalline ordering is complex and can best be investigated by other means such as high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The natural graphitization series is similar to that for heat-treated commercial carbon blacks, which have been successfully studied by HRTEM (Ban and others).

Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Bacteria on Mineral Surfaces

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
V.K. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mineral Surfaces ◽  
Mineral Surface ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Study

There are two strains of bacteria viz. Thiobacillus thiooxidansand Thiobacillus ferrooxidanswidely mentioned to play an important role in the leaching process of low-grade ores. Another strain used in this study is a thermophile and is designated Caldariella .These microorganisms are acidophilic chemosynthetic aerobic autotrophs and are capable of oxidizing many metal sulfides and elemental sulfur to sulfates and Fe2+ to Fe3+. The necessity of physical contact or attachment by bacteria to mineral surfaces during oxidation reaction has not been fairly established so far. Temple and Koehler reported that during oxidation of marcasite T. thiooxidanswere found concentrated on mineral surface. Schaeffer, et al. demonstrated that physical contact or attachment is essential for oxidation of sulfur.

TEM/AEM characterization of fine-grained clay minerals in very-low-grade rocks: Evaluation of contamination by empa involving celadonite family minerals

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
Gejing Li ◽  
D. R. Peacor ◽  
D. S. Coombs ◽  
Y. Kawachi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Mineral Aggregates

Recent advances in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and analytical electron microscopy (AEM) have led to many new insights into the structural and chemical characteristics of very finegrained, optically homogeneous mineral aggregates in sedimentary and very low-grade metamorphic rocks. Chemical compositions obtained by electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) on such materials have been shown by TEM/AEM to result from beam overlap on contaminant phases on a scale below resolution of EMPA, which in turn can lead to errors in interpretation and determination of formation conditions. Here we present an in-depth analysis of the relation between AEM and EMPA data, which leads also to the definition of new mineral phases, and demonstrate the resolution power of AEM relative to EMPA in investigations of very fine-grained mineral aggregates in sedimentary and very low-grade metamorphic rocks.Celadonite, having end-member composition KMgFe3+Si4O10(OH)2, and with minor substitution of Fe2+ for Mg and Al for Fe3+ on octahedral sites, is a fine-grained mica widespread in volcanic rocks and volcaniclastic sediments which have undergone low-temperature alteration in the oceanic crust and in burial metamorphic sequences.

Inflammageing in the cardiovascular system: mechanisms, emerging targets, and novel therapeutic strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (17) ◽  
pp. 2243-2262
Author(s):  
Danlin Liu ◽  
Gavin Richardson ◽  
Fehmi M. Benli ◽  
Catherine Park ◽  
João V. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Ach Receptors

Abstract In the elderly population, pathological inflammation has been associated with ageing-associated diseases. The term ‘inflammageing’, which was used for the first time by Franceschi and co-workers in 2000, is associated with the chronic, low-grade, subclinical inflammatory processes coupled to biological ageing. The source of these inflammatory processes is debated. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been proposed as the main origin of inflammageing. The SASP is characterised by the release of inflammatory cytokines, elevated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, altered regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) nicotinic receptors, and abnormal NAD+ metabolism. Therefore, SASP may be ‘druggable’ by small molecule therapeutics targeting those emerging molecular targets. It has been shown that inflammageing is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and adverse cardiac remodelling. Therefore, the pathomechanism involving SASP activation via the NLRP3 inflammasome; modulation of NLRP3 via α7 nicotinic ACh receptors; and modulation by senolytics targeting other proteins have gained a lot of interest within cardiovascular research and drug development communities. In this review, which offers a unique view from both clinical and preclinical target-based drug discovery perspectives, we have focused on cardiovascular inflammageing and its molecular mechanisms. We have outlined the mechanistic links between inflammageing, SASP, interleukin (IL)-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, nicotinic ACh receptors, and molecular targets of senolytic drugs in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We have addressed the ‘druggability’ of NLRP3 and nicotinic α7 receptors by small molecules, as these proteins represent novel and exciting targets for therapeutic interventions targeting inflammageing in the cardiovascular system and beyond.

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