Quantifying Quality of Actions Using Wearable Sensor

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-212
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al-Naser ◽  
Takehiro Niikura ◽  
Sheraz Ahmed ◽  
Hiroki Ohashi ◽  
Takuto Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wearable Sensor

scholarly journals Development of a Biofeedback Wearable Sensor System to Improve Rehabilitation Following Surgical Repair of Achilles Tendon Tears

10.29007/wh2k ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhi Singh ◽  
Timothy Lee ◽  
Joshua Giles
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Wearable Sensor ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Initial Testing ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Data Summaries

This paper describes the development, functionality, and initial testing of a wearable sensor system and companion smartphone app intended to support the rehabilitation of Achilles injury patients by providing 1) real time biofeedback, which can help patients adhere to rehabilitation restrictions; 2) exercise support to encourage patients to correctly perform all rehabilitation activities; 3) data summaries to clinicians in order to allow appropriate interventions when necessary. The wearable system is composed of insole pressure sensors, a calf muscle activation sensor, and inertial measurement units, whose data are communicated to the smartphone app via a Bluetooth enabled microcontroller. Initial testing demonstrated the quality of the data recorded by the sensors and the ability of those data to be used to identify functional activities like walking and stairclimbing.

scholarly journals A Wearable Sensor-Based Exercise Biofeedback System: Mixed Methods Evaluation of Formulift (Preprint)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Aidan O'Reilly ◽  
Patrick Slevin ◽  
Tomas Ward ◽  
Brian Caulfield
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scale ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Wearable Sensor ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Biofeedback System ◽  
System Usability Scale ◽  
Perceived Impact

BACKGROUND Formulift is a newly developed mobile health (mHealth) app that connects to a single inertial measurement unit (IMU) worn on the left thigh. The IMU captures users’ movements as they exercise, and the app analyzes the data to count repetitions in real time and classify users’ exercise technique. The app also offers feedback and guidance to users on exercising safely and effectively. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the Formulift system with three different and realistic types of potential users (beginner gym-goers, experienced gym-goers, and qualified strength and conditioning [S&C] coaches) under a number of categories: (1) usability, (2) functionality, (3) the perceived impact of the system, and (4) the subjective quality of the system. It was also desired to discover suggestions for future improvements to the system. METHODS A total of 15 healthy volunteers participated (12 males; 3 females; age: 23.8 years [SD 1.80]; height: 1.79 m [SD 0.07], body mass: 78.4 kg [SD 9.6]). Five participants were beginner gym-goers, 5 were experienced gym-goers, and 5 were qualified and practicing S&C coaches. IMU data were first collected from each participant to create individualized exercise classifiers for them. They then completed a number of nonexercise-related tasks with the app. Following this, a workout was completed using the system, involving squats, deadlifts, lunges, and single-leg squats. Participants were then interviewed about their user experience and completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the user version of the Mobile Application Rating Scale (uMARS). Thematic analysis was completed on all interview transcripts, and survey results were analyzed. RESULTS Qualitative and quantitative analysis found the system has “good” to “excellent” usability. The system achieved a mean (SD) SUS usability score of 79.2 (8.8). Functionality was also deemed to be good, with many users reporting positively on the systems repetition counting, technique classification, and feedback. A number of bugs were found, and other suggested changes to the system were also made. The overall subjective quality of the app was good, with a median star rating of 4 out of 5 (interquartile range, IQR: 3-5). Participants also reported that the system would aid their technique, provide motivation, reassure them, and help them avoid injury. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated an overall positive evaluation of Formulift in the categories of usability, functionality, perceived impact, and subjective quality. Users also suggested a number of changes for future iterations of the system. These findings are the first of their kind and show great promise for wearable sensor-based exercise biofeedback systems.

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

Lithography below 100 nm

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
L. D. Jackel
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Electron Beam Lithography ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Local Electron ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
Positive Resist ◽  
Exposure Process

Most production electron beam lithography systems can pattern minimum features a few tenths of a micron across. Linewidth in these systems is usually limited by the quality of the exposing beam and by electron scattering in the resist and substrate. By using a smaller spot along with exposure techniques that minimize scattering and its effects, laboratory e-beam lithography systems can now make features hundredths of a micron wide on standard substrate material. This talk will outline sane of these high- resolution e-beam lithography techniques.We first consider parameters of the exposure process that limit resolution in organic resists. For concreteness suppose that we have a “positive” resist in which exposing electrons break bonds in the resist molecules thus increasing the exposed resist's solubility in a developer. Ihe attainable resolution is obviously limited by the overall width of the exposing beam, but the spatial distribution of the beam intensity, the beam “profile” , also contributes to the resolution. Depending on the local electron dose, more or less resist bonds are broken resulting in slower or faster dissolution in the developer.

Convergent Beam Electron Diffraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-315
Author(s):  
G. Lehmpfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Diffraction Spot ◽  
Crystal Thickness ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Microscopic Investigations

Introduction In electron microscopic investigations of crystalline specimens the direct observation of the electron diffraction pattern gives additional information about the specimen. The quality of this information depends on the quality of the crystals or the crystal area contributing to the diffraction pattern. By selected area diffraction in a conventional electron microscope, specimen areas as small as 1 µ in diameter can be investigated. It is well known that crystal areas of that size which must be thin enough (in the order of 1000 Å) for electron microscopic investigations are normally somewhat distorted by bending, or they are not homogeneous. Furthermore, the crystal surface is not well defined over such a large area. These are facts which cause reduction of information in the diffraction pattern. The intensity of a diffraction spot, for example, depends on the crystal thickness. If the thickness is not uniform over the investigated area, one observes an averaged intensity, so that the intensity distribution in the diffraction pattern cannot be used for an analysis unless additional information is available.

Observability of Very Thick Specimen by Using Transmission Scanning Electron Microscope

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
K. Shibatomi ◽  
T. Yamanoto ◽  
H. Koike
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Thick Specimen ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the observation of a thick specimen by means of a transmission electron microscope, the intensity of electrons passing through the objective lens aperture is greatly reduced. So that the image is almost invisible. In addition to this fact, it have been reported that a chromatic aberration causes the deterioration of the image contrast rather than that of the resolution. The scanning electron microscope is, however, capable of electrically amplifying the signal of the decreasing intensity, and also free from a chromatic aberration so that the deterioration of the image contrast due to the aberration can be prevented. The electrical improvement of the image quality can be carried out by using the fascionating features of the SEM, that is, the amplification of a weak in-put signal forming the image and the descriminating action of the heigh level signal of the background. This paper reports some of the experimental results about the thickness dependence of the observability and quality of the image in the case of the transmission SEM.

The Current Situation in Chemical Stabilization of Biological Materials

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 132-133
Author(s):  
John H. Luft
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Chemical Stabilization ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Radio Telescopes

With information processing devices such as radio telescopes, microscopes or hi-fi systems, the quality of the output often is limited by distortion or noise introduced at the input stage of the device. This analogy can be extended usefully to specimen preparation for the electron microscope; fixation, which initiates the processing sequence, is the single most important step and, unfortunately, is the least well understood. Although there is an abundance of fixation mixtures recommended in the light microscopy literature, osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde are favored for electron microscopy. These fixatives react vigorously with proteins at the molecular level. There is clear evidence for the cross-linking of proteins both by osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde and cross-linking may be a necessary if not sufficient condition to define fixatives as a class.

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