Positive Balance at the Physiological Level: Positive and Negative Neurotransmitters

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

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Optical Sensors for Detection of Amino Acids

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666171106161410 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (19) ◽

pp. 2272-2290 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aafrin M. Pettiwala ◽

Prabhat K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Optical Sensors ◽

Supramolecular Assemblies ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Physiological Level ◽

Biological Scaffolds ◽

Detection Systems ◽

Sensing Platform ◽

Neurological Conditions ◽

Detailed Search

Background: Amino acids are crucially involved in a myriad of biological processes. Any aberrant changes in physiological level of amino acids often manifest in common metabolic disorders, serious neurological conditions and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, devising methods for detection of trace amounts of amino acids becomes highly elemental to their efficient clinical diagnosis. Recently, the domain of developing optical sensors for detection of amino acids has witnessed significant activity which is the focus of the current review article. Methods: We undertook a detailed search of the peer-reviewed literature that primarily deals with optical sensors for amino acids and focuses on the use of different type of materials as a sensing platform. Results: Ninety-five papers have been included in the review, majority of which deal with optical sensors. We attempt to systematically classify these contributions based on the applications of various chemical and biological scaffolds such as polymers, supramolecular assemblies, nanoparticles, DNA, heparin etc for the sensing of amino acids. This review identifies that supramolecular assemblies and nanomaterial continue to be commonly used platforms to devise sensors for amino acids followed by surfactant assemblies. Conclusion: The broad implications of amino acids in human health and diagnosis have stirred a lot of interest to develop optimized optical detection systems for amino acids in recent years, using different materials based on chemical and biological scaffolds. We have also attempted to highlight the merits and demerits of some of the noteworthy sensor systems to instigate further efforts for constructing amino acids sensor based on unconventional concepts.

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Biological fixation, transfer and balance of nitrogen in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) orchard intercropped with different green manure crops

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.03.p1559 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽

pp. 465-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edilândia Farias Dantas ◽

Ana Dolores Santiago de Freitas ◽

Maria do Carmo Catanho Pereira de Lyra ◽

Carolina Etienne de Rosália e Silva Santos ◽

Stella Jorge de Carvalho Neta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Biological Fixation ◽

Mineral Fertilization ◽

Passiflora Edulis ◽

Jack Bean ◽

Positive Balance ◽

Sunn Hemp ◽

Passiflora Edulis Sims

Green manures can replace or supplement mineral fertilization and add organic matter to the soils, ensuring greater sustainability to fruit growing in semiarid regions. Biological fixation, transfer and balance of nitrogen were determined on an irrigated yellow passion fruit orchard (Passiflora edulis Sims) intercropped separately with three cover crops: sunn hemp, Crotalaria juncea (L.); pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill; and jack bean, Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. In a fourth treatment, legumes were not planted, but spontaneous vegetation was left to grow freely. The legumes were croped for 90 days in three lines (0.5 m apart) inside the passion fruit plant lines (2.5 m apart). Fixation and transfers were determined by the 15N natural abundance technique, using sunflower as a reference plant. The three planted legumes nodulated abundantly and fixed nitrogen in high proportions (between 50 and 90% of their N), forming symbiosis with bacteria naturally established in the soil. Jack bean produced more biomass than sunn hemp and pigeon pea, and as much as the spontaneous plants, of which 23% were legumes. The amounts of fixed N (150, 43, 30 and 29 kg ha-1) were determined mainly by the biomass of legumes. More than 40% of the N of passion fruit plants came from the biological nitrogen fixation of the intercropped jack bean, which provided an amount of N higher than that exported in the fruits, generating a positive balance of more than 100 kg ha-1. Therefore, it is recommended to intercrop jack bean in irrigated passion fruit orchards.

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Data-driven modelling approach to circadian temperature rhythm profiles in free-living conditions

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94522-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jari Lipsanen ◽

Liisa Kuula ◽

Marko Elovainio ◽

Timo Partonen ◽

Anu-Katriina Pesonen

Keyword(s):

Skin Surface ◽

Living Conditions ◽

Data Driven ◽

Physiological Data ◽

Free Living ◽

Physiological Level ◽

Temperature Rhythm ◽

Time Series Modelling ◽

Circadian Preference ◽

Free Living Conditions

AbstractThe individual variation in the circadian rhythms at the physiological level is not well understood. Albeit self-reported circadian preference profiles have been consolidated, their premises are grounded on human experience, not on physiology. We used data-driven, unsupervised time series modelling to characterize distinct profiles of the circadian rhythm measured from skin surface temperature in free-living conditions. We demonstrate the existence of three distinct clusters of individuals which differed in their circadian temperature profiles. The cluster with the highest temperature amplitude and the lowest midline estimating statistic of rhythm, or rhythm-adjusted mean, had the most regular and early-timed sleep–wake rhythm, and was the least probable for those with a concurrent delayed sleep phase, or eveningness chronotype. While the clusters associated with the observed sleep and circadian preference patterns, the entirely unsupervised modelling of physiological data provides a novel basis for modelling and understanding the human circadian functions in free-living conditions.

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What Did We Accomplish in Fighting Radical Species in Human Health?

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10030466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 466

Author(s):

Rachid Skouta

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Human Health ◽

Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

The Body ◽

Reactive Nitrogen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Nitrogen Species ◽

Radical Species ◽

Physiological Level

Maintaining the physiological level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the body is highly important in the fight against radical species in the context of human health [...]

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Plant-Based Protein Hydrolysate Improves Salinity Tolerance in Hemp: Agronomical and Physiological Aspects

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 342 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ida Di Mola ◽

Stefano Conti ◽

Eugenio Cozzolino ◽

Giuseppe Melchionna ◽

Lucia Ottaiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Protein Hydrolysate ◽

Saline Water ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Photochemical Reactions ◽

Physiological Level ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Irrigation Solution ◽

Insight Into

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multipurpose plant attracting increasing interest as a source for the production of natural fibers, paper, bio-building material and food. In this research we studied the agronomical performance of Cannabis sativa cv. Eletta Campana irrigated with saline water. Under those conditions, we tested the effect of protein hydrolysate (PH) biostimulant application in overcoming and/or balancing deleterious salinity effects. The results of the diverse treatments were also investigated at the physiological level, focusing on photosynthesis by means of a chlorophyll a fluorescence technique, which give an insight into the plant primary photochemical reactions. Four salinity levels of the irrigation solution (fresh water–EC0, and NaCl solutions at EC 2.0, 4.0 or 6.0 dS m−1, EC2, EC4 and EC6, respectively) were combined with 2 biostimulant treatments (untreated (control) or treated with a commercial legume-derived protein hydrolysate (LDPH)). The increasing salinity affected plant photochemistry resulting in lower plant growth and seed production, while the LDPH biostimulant showed a protective effect, which improved crop performance both in control and in salinity conditions. The LDPH treatment improved seeds yield (+38.6% on average of all treated plants respect to untreated plants), as well as residual biomass, relevant in fiber production.

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Osteopetro-Rickets: A Rare Paradoxical Association in an Infant

Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society ◽

10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5292 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 88-89

Author(s):

MB Patil

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Key Words ◽

Bone Disease ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Severe Anaemia ◽

Management Options ◽

Positive Balance ◽

Malignant Osteopetrosis ◽

Infantile Malignant Osteopetrosis ◽

Key Words Osteopetrosis

Infantile malignant osteopetrosis is a hereditary bone disease with intense positive balance of body calcium. Osteopetro-rickets is a very rare paradoxical association of infantile osteopetrosis and rickets. This is a case report of an infant with osteopetro- rickets. He presented with severe anaemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and clinical signs of rickets. The clinical, biochemical and skeletal survey showed osteopetrosis and rickets. We also describe the pathophysiologic mechanism and various management options. Key words: Osteopetrosis; Osteopetro-rickets; Rickets DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5292 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 88-89

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Comparative Proteomic Analysis during the Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Hydrogen Gas-Improved Postharvest Freshness in Cut Lilies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19123955 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (12) ◽

pp. 3955 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jianqiang Huo ◽

Dengjing Huang ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Hua Fang ◽

Bo Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Atp Synthase ◽

Hydrogen Gas ◽

Vase Life ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Proteomics Analysis ◽

Physiological Level ◽

Positive Effects ◽

The Relationship

Our previous studies suggested that both hydrogen gas (H2) and nitric oxide (NO) could enhance the postharvest freshness of cut flowers. However, the crosstalk of H2 and NO during that process is unknown. Here, cut lilies (Lilium “Manissa”) were used to investigate the relationship between H2 and NO and to identify differentially accumulated proteins during postharvest freshness. The results revealed that 1% hydrogen-rich water (HRW) and 150 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) significantly extended the vase life and quality, while NO inhibitors suppressed the positive effects of HRW. Proteomics analysis found 50 differentially accumulated proteins in lilies leaves which were classified into seven functional categories. Among them, ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunit (chloroplast) (AtpA) was up-regulated by HRW and down-regulated by NO inhibitor. The expression level of LlatpA gene was consistent with the result of proteomics analysis. The positive effect of HRW and SNP on ATP synthase activity was inhibited by NO inhibitor. Meanwhile, the physiological-level analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters also agreed with the expression of AtpA regulated by HRW and SNP. Altogether, our results suggested that NO might be involved in H2-improved freshness of cut lilies, and AtpA protein may play important roles during that process.

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Coastal sand dunes as biological systems

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0269727000010836 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 96 ◽

pp. 17-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. J. Willis

Keyword(s):

Sand Dunes ◽

Coastal Dunes ◽

Nutrient Status ◽

Large Animal ◽

Ammophila Arenaria ◽

Physiological Level ◽

Tyria Jacobaeae ◽

Ecological Importance ◽

Dune Plants ◽

Stress Metabolites

SynopsisWith the gradation of intensities of environmental factors from the strand-line to stable inland areas, coastal dunes show many ecological phenomena especially clearly. These are reviewed broadly, with some emphasis on topics on which important advances are being made. The nutrient status of dune soil and changes with time are shown with reference to several dune systems. Changes in major nutrients are given for Braunton Burrows, north Devon, where the influence of nitrogen fixation by Lotus corniculatus is illustrated. The effects of sand burial on plants are considered, and details given of the root systems of vigorous and relict marram; factors which may affect its decline in vigour are reviewed. Also discussed is the likely significance of nematodes in the decline of Hippophaë rhamnoides. Reasons for the richness of the dune flora are considered and also some autecological studies. At the physiological level, reference is made to the water relations of plants and at the biochemical level to the occurrence and possible ecological importance of stress metabolites. Life strategies, phenology, survivorship, competition and the population ecology of dune plants are reviewed and also the interaction of ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) and cinnabar moth (Tyria jacobaeae). The population genetics of dune plants is illustrated by reference to Festuca rubra and Ammophila arenaria and of animals to Cepaea nemoralis.The abundance and ecological relationships of the invertebrate fauna are exemplified by surveys at Spurn Point, extensive investigations on spiders and the influence of marram on arthropod communities. The ecology of the natterjack load is considered in relation to conservation and the effects of large animal grazers in relation to the diversity of vegetation.

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