scholarly journals Monitor Circuits for Cross-Layer Resiliency

2020 ◽  
pp. 385-407
Author(s):  
Mahfuzul Islam ◽  
Hidetoshi Onodera
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Voltage ◽  
Design Automation ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Digital Circuit ◽  
Design Flow ◽  
Reconfigurable Architecture ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Multiple Parameters

AbstractCross-layer resiliency has become a critical deciding factor for any successful product. This chapter focuses on monitor circuits that are essential in realizing the cross-layer resiliency. The role of monitor circuits is to establish a bridge between the hardware and other layers by providing information about the devices and the operating environment in run-time. This chapter explores delay-based monitor circuits for design automation with the existing cell-based design methodology. The chapter discusses several design techniques to monitor parameters of threshold voltage, temperature, leakage current, critical delay, and aging. The chapter then demonstrates a reconfigurable architecture to monitor multiple parameters with small area footprint. Finally, an extraction methodology of physical parameters is discussed for model-hardware correlation. Utilizing the cell-based design flow, delay-based monitors can be placed inside the target digital circuit and thus a better correlation between monitor and target circuit behavior can be realized.

scholarly journals Role of MOSFETs Transconductance Parameters and Threshold Voltage in CMOS Inverter Behavior in DC Mode

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milaim Zabeli ◽  
Nebi Caka ◽  
Myzafere Limani ◽  
Qamil Kabashi
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Voltage ◽  
Logic Circuits ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Cmos Inverter ◽  
Static Mode ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this paper is to research the impact of electrical and physical parameters that characterize the complementary MOSFET transistors (NMOS and PMOS transistors) in the CMOS inverter for static mode of operation. In addition to this, the paper also aims at exploring the directives that are to be followed during the design phase of the CMOS inverters that enable designers to design the CMOS inverters with the best possible performance, depending on operation conditions. The CMOS inverter designed with the best possible features also enables the designing of the CMOS logic circuits with the best possible performance, according to the operation conditions and designers’ requirements.

Intrathalline variability of some structural and physical parameters in the lichen genus Lasallia

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Valladares ◽  
C. Ascaso ◽  
L. G. Sancho
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Intermediate Zone ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Lasallia Pustulata ◽  
Water Holding

The intrathalline variability of several physical and anatomical parameters of two lichens, Lasallia hispanica and Lasallia pustulata within the family Umbilicariaceae, was studied. In each thallus three zones or concentric rings were considered: the central zone, which includes the umbilicus, the intermediate zone, and the marginal zone. The study focussed on the thickness of the thallus and its layers, the increase of surface area and volume with hydration, the sample densities in dry and wet states, several stereological parameters (especially the volume and surface density of both symbionts related to each layer and to the thallus as a whole), and the chlorophyll content. Only slight differences were revealed between the two species, but significant intrathalline variation was observed. A marked decrease in the total chlorophyll content coincided with the thickening of the thallus from the periphery to the centre. The chlorophyll content of individual algal cells, however, presented an inverse gradient. The results suggest that the main role of the dense central zone would be as a water-holding zone while the active growth in the intermediate zone could counteract the continuous erosion of the marginal zone of these umbilicate lichens. Key words: Lasallia, intrathalline variability, mycobiont, photobiont, stereology, thallus density.

scholarly journals EARTH AS PRIMORDIALLY HYDROGEN-RICH PLANET: HYPOTHESIS AND REALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-651
Author(s):  
А. V. Pospeev
Keyword(s):  
Major Part ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Earth’S Mantle ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Proper Consideration ◽  
Hydrogen Energetics

The article is focused on the role of natural hydrogen in the Earth geodynamics and energy potential. With a proper consideration of the physical parameters of the Earth’s core and mantle, we discuss the aspects of the Hydridic Earth (or Primordially Hydrogen-Rich Planet) theory, which is currently used as a fundamental hypothesis in modern projects aimed at hydrogen energetics.A probability of finding natural hydrogen deposits in sedimentary traps is estimated. It is shown that the volume of deep degassing of hydrogen can be calculated from various cosmological, petrophysical and geochemical data, and an average volume is two orders of magnitude less than the amount predicted by the Hydridic Earth hypothesis. This hypothesis gives grounds to conclude that the major part of Earth’s mantle is a metal sphere; however, this conclusion is not supported by the geological and geophysical data.

scholarly journals Parameter Modulation of Madden-Julian Oscillation Behaviors in BCC_CSM1.2: The Key Role of Moisture-Shallow Convection Feedback

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Huang ◽  
Hong-Li Ren ◽  
Xiangwen Liu ◽  
Pengfei Ren ◽  
Yuntao Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Latin Hypercube Sampling ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Convective Precipitation ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Madden Julian Oscillation ◽  
Shallow Convection ◽  
Climate System Model ◽  
New Strategy

To reveal key parameter-related physical mechanisms in simulating Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), seven physical parameters in the convection and cloud parameterization schemes of Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model (BCC_CSM1.2) are perturbed with Latin hypercube sampling method. A new strategy is proposed to select runs with good and poor MJO simulations among 85 generated ones. Outputs and parameter values from good and poor simulations are composited separately for comparison. Among the seven chosen parameters, a decreased value of precipitation efficiency for shallow convection, higher values of relative humidity threshold for low stable clouds and evaporation efficiency for deep convective precipitation are crucial to simulate a better MJO. Changes of the three parameters act together to suppress heavy precipitation and increase the frequency of light rainfall over the Indo-Pacific region, supplying more moisture in low and middle troposphere. As a result of a wetter lower troposphere ahead of the MJO main convection, the low-level moisture preconditioning along with the leading shallow convection tends to be enhanced, favorable for MJO’s further development and eastward propagation. The MJO’s further propagation across the Maritime Continent (MC) in good simulations is accompanied with more land precipitation dominated by shallow convection. Therefore, the above-mentioned three parameters are found to be crucial parameters out of the seven ones for MJO simulation, providing an inspiration for better MJO simulation and prediction with this model. This work is valuable as it highlights the key role of moisture-shallow convection feedback in the MJO dynamics.

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