scholarly journals German Public Administration: Background and Key Issues

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sabine Kuhlmann ◽  
Isabella Proeller ◽  
Dieter Schimanke ◽  
Jan Ziekow
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Open Government ◽  
List Type ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Better Regulation ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe international community of public administration and administrative sciences shows a great interest in the basic features of the German administrative system. The German public administration with its formative decentralisation (called: administrative federalism) is regarded as a prime example of multilevel governance and strong local self-government. Furthermore, over the past decades, the traditional profile of the German administrative system has significantly been reshaped and remoulded through reforms, processes of modernisation and the transformation process in East Germany. Studies on the German administrative system should focus especially on key institutional features of public administration; changing relationships between public administration, society and the private sector; administrative reforms at different levels of the federal system; and new challenges and modernisation approaches, such as digitalisation, open government and better regulation. The publication is following this structure in four parts with 22 chapters.

scholarly journals Digital transformation in Public Administration: from E-Government to Digital Government

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Aguilar Viana Viana
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
The State ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Digital Government ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Key Issues

The digital revolution impacts public administration and gradually transforms the activities provided by the State. Challenges arise as technologies improve. The article proposes explore the path of ICTS use in the state organizational sphere, examining from the initial conception of e-Government to the most recent works alluding to digital government. The work is descriptive and logical-deductive. First, the foundations of e-Government are examined, with their classifications, identifications, and types of interaction. Second, the ideas and proposals of open government will be discussed. Then, the concept of digital government is explored with its key issues. Finally, the evolutionary process of digital transformation in public administration is outlined.

Public service bargains and non-partisan ministerial advisors: servants of two masters

2020 ◽  
pp. 002085232095521
Author(s):  
Rose Cole
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Distinct Subgroup ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Administrative Action ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Different Levels

To what extent can the public service bargain framework be applied to non-partisan ministerial advisors? Public service bargains are defined as ‘explicit or implicit agreements between public servants – the civil or uniformed services of the state – and those they serve’. The public service bargain framework has increasingly been used as an analytical tool with which to examine the elements of the bargain as experienced by various actors in different jurisdictions. The elements of the public service bargain framework are explored through the experiences of a distinct subgroup of non-partisan advisors – portfolio private secretaries – serving in the politicised environment of ministers’ offices. The minister’s office has been characterised as the ‘purple zone’ where politics (represented by the colour blue) and administration (represented by the colour red) converge to transform political will into administrative action. This qualitative research article: briefly reviews the public service bargain literature; describes the actors and setting; gives voice to their experience of the public service bargain; applies the public service bargain heuristic; and reveals new insights into how the public service bargain operates with dual principals. Points for practitioners The public service bargain framework allows for dual principal–single agent relationships within public administration settings. Applying the public service bargain heuristic to this group of non-partisan advisors: enables a view of how the public service bargain operates at different levels (macro, meso and micro); shows that the public service bargain for these advisors has changed over time in response to administrative reforms; and demonstrates that these advisors are professionally and personally affected through the misaligned expectations of dual principals.

Provision of state and municipal services in Russia: the current state and main directions for improving

Servis plus ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Людмила Гаврилова ◽  
Lyudmila Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Unsolved Problem ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Municipal Services ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Current State ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Services Innovation

In today´s world there is urgency to improving the scope of government (municipal) services, updating their delivery mechanisms by bringing them in line with modern requirements of society, under the influence of the rapidly developing information technology. State policy in Russia in the sphere of state (municipal) services includes a range of activities, the implementation of which aimed at improving the legal regulation of this sector, the introduction of new forms of state (municipal) services, streamlining the organization of supply and improving the quality of the services. These activities are implemented in stages within the framework of state reforms that are going on in Russia for more than a decade. The article analyzes a specific budget measures and administrative reforms in state (municipal) services. The analysis of the concepts "public service" and "public function" within the legal format allowed the author to distinguish between measures to improve the organization of state (municipal) social services provided by the state (municipal) institutions and public services provided directly by state executive bodies ( "administrative " services). For example, in the area of social services the ratio of the planned amount of state (municipal) services and their financial security remain key issues. In order to improve "administrative" services innovation in recentyears are rapidly introduced new forms of delivery of these services, which are key objectives of the possibility of application for state (municipal) services in electronic form, as well as creating a network of institutions authorized for the provision of public ( municipal) "administrative" services — multipurpose centers. However, the general unsolved problem within the scope of public administration (municipal) services is improving their quality and accessibility.

scholarly journals The SARS Crisis and the Prospect of Chinese Government Reform

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54
Author(s):  
Xiufeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Early Handling ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Chinese Public

For China, the SARS calamity has a great impact on its steadily developing economy, society and politics. At the same time it provides an opportunity because SARS changed the original Chinese living habits, ways of working and worldview. This paper is to analyze the effect of the crisis on the Chinese public administration and the direction of Chinese government's reform by focusing on the research of the revealed drawbacks in the management of Chinese government and the measures taken by Chinese government during the SARS crisis. Research shows that there are many deep-rooted problems. For example, in the spreading and early handling stages of SARS, the Chinese government did not perform adequately: non-profit departments were not well developed, governments at all levels refused to cooperate, there were no emergency institutions to deal with the crisis, officials were unqualified and the administration is closed and undemocratic. However, the measures taken during the SARS crisis also showed the crisis promoted the transformation of Chinese government further from a controlling government to a service oriented government, from a closed government to transparent and open government, from a government ruled by individuals to a government ruled by law. Meanwhile the crisis suggests that the administrative system is facing new adjustment and development.

Evolution of the public administration system. The Republic of Estonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-118
Author(s):  
YANA TOOM ◽  
◽  
VALENTINA V. KOMLEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Administration System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic

The article studies the main stages and features of the evolution of the public administration system in the Republic of Estonia after 1992. This paper presents brief geographical and socio-economic characteristics that largely determine the development of the country’s public administration. The evolution of the institution of the presidency, executive, and legislative powers are considered. The role of parliament and mechanisms for coordinating the interests of different groups of the population for the development of the country is especially emphasized. The authors analyze the state and administrative reforms of recent years, which were aimed at improving the quality of services provided to the population, increasing the competitiveness of different parts of Estonia, as well as optimizing public spending and management structure. The introduction of digital technologies into the sphere of public administration, healthcare, education, and the social sphere is of a notable place. Such phenomena as e-residency, e-federation, and other digital projects are considered. The development of a digital system of interstate interaction between Estonia and Finland made it possible to create the world’s first e-federation, and the digitization of all strategically important information and its transfer to cloud storage speaks of the creation of the world’s first e-residency, a special residence of data outside the country’s borders to ensure digital continuity and statehood in the event of critical malfunctions or external threats.

The “Open Government Reform” Movement

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne J. Piotrowski
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Administrative Reform ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Government Reform ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
President Obama ◽  
National Action Plan ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
The Us

Open government initiatives, which include not only transparency but also participation and collaboration policies, have become a major administrative reform. As such, these initiatives are gaining cohesiveness in literature. President Obama supported open government through a range of policies including the Open Government Partnership (OGP), a multinational initiative. The OGP requires member organizations to develop open government national action plans, which are used as the basis for my analysis. To frame this paper, I use and expand upon David Heald’s directions and varieties of transparency framework. A content analysis of the 62 commitments in the US Second Open Government National Action Plan was conducted. The analysis provides two findings of note: First, the traditional view of transparency was indeed the most prevalent in the policies proposed. In that respect, not much has changed, even with the OGP’s emphasis on a range of approaches. Second, openness among and between agencies played a larger than expected role. While the OGP pushed an array of administrative reforms, the initiative had limited impact on the type of policies that were proposed and enacted. In sum, the OGP is an administrative reform that was launched with great fanfare, but limited influence in the US context. More research needs to be conducted to determine if the “open government reform” movement as a whole suffers from such problems in implementation.

scholarly journals Newman’s Error Analysis Dalam Geometri Ruang Ditinjau dari Kecerdasan Visual Siswa SMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-461
Author(s):  
Ardina Fahriyanti Maharani ◽  
Erlina Prihatnani
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Error Analysis ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Intelligence Test ◽  
Solid Geometry ◽  
Visual Intelligence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Point Distance ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Geometry Test

In solid geometry needed the ability to visualize space that cannot be seen so differences in visual intelligence can trigger errors in solving geometry problems. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the types of errors made by students and the factors that cause errors in working on geometry problems based on Newman's Error Analysis (NEA) in terms of visual intelligence. This research chose the subjects of class XII high school who had studied the material distance points to lines in space with different levels of visual intelligence, namely high and low. The process of collecting data used visual intelligence test questions, geometry test questions, and interviews. The results of this study indicated that the level of students' visual intelligence affects the difference in location and the factor that causes errors in the stage of transformation especially on determining the distance in dimension 3. Students with high visual intelligence made mistakes at the stage of transformation and encoding that caused by the students’ carelessness. However, students with low visual intelligence made mistakes at the stage of comprehension, transformation, process skills, and encoding due to the concept of the point distance to the line and the concept of the Pythagorean theorem.

scholarly journals Main directions of development of public administration in the field of military security at the national and global levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Kaliaiev
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Dynamic Vision ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Military Security ◽  
Adequate Management

The formation of a common security environment, prevention and elimination of military conflicts, achieving mutual international understanding and innovative approaches to the organization of public administration structures in this area with the involvement of non-state actors and the formation of appropriate ecosystems in security environment are determined among the main directions of public administration development in the field of military security. Based on the methodology of public administration, the current state of public administration systems reforms is considered and the priorities for the development of public administration in the field of military security at the national and global levels of administration are identified. The general tendencies of public administration development are identified; ambiguity and variability in estimations of results of administrative reforms are emphasized. Arguments are presented that the problems of social interaction, responsibility and democracy in modern management practices are transposed to public administration in the field of military security, in particular in the implementation of new approaches to management of innovations. Transformational changes in public administration in the field of military security at the national and global levels are considered logical, expedient and possible especially against the background of administrative reforms processes and implementation of open innovations, ecosystems and management of innovations in the field of military security facilities administration. Innovations in the field of security suggest reformatting, in particular, of industrial policy of defence by identifying different instruments to enhance opportunities for openness with different degrees of the latter for actors not previously involved in military security and defence issues. Innovation has been shown to involve reshaping, in particular, industrial defense policy by identifying different tools for enhancing openness with varying degrees of openness) for actors not yet involved in military security and defense. Flexibility in the management of strategic ecosystems and a dynamic vision of interdependence between actors affect the ability of the system to operate in conditions of open innovation and ensure adequate management of openness

scholarly journals Public Control in the Sphere of Formation and Functioning of the Executive Power Bodies in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-477
Author(s):  
Elena V. Berdnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Electronic Communication ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
State Control ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Public Control ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction. Public control in a democratic state embraces the entire public administration system. One of the most important objects of such control is the activity of executive authorities. Theoretical analysis. The main trajectory of the development of public control in the sphere of executive power is relations associated with the formation and direct activity of executive bodies, as well as their officials. Empirical analysis. It was revealed that in the process of exercising public control in the sphere of the functioning of executive authorities, special forms of control are used, such as the assessment of the regulatory impact and the assessment of the actual impact, suggesting a public-state mechanism for its implementation. Results. Specific features of public control in the area of executive power are the following organizational and legal conditions for its implementation: the mechanism of public control in the sphere of activities of executive authorities based on the concept of “Open government”; implementation of most forms of public control through the use of the electronic communication environment of executive authorities and civil society institutions, including citizens; the use of a special form of control based on a combination of elements of state and public control – public and state control; citizens and public associations that can act as independent subjects of public control.

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