Evaluation of the Reduction Potential of Pollutant Emissions by Implementing the Start-Stop System in the Internal Combustion Vehicle Fleet of the City of São Paulo, Brazil

Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Fernandes Jeremias ◽  
Elaine Virmond
REVISTA PLURI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Karina Camasmie Abe ◽  
Nilza Maria Coradi Araújo ◽  
Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia

A poluição do ar pode provocar diversas doenças, como respiratórias e cardiovasculares, levando ao aumento da morbimortalidade. Este estudo avaliou, no período entre os anos de 2003 a 2013, para o município de São Paulo, os impactos causados à saúde cardiorrespiratória da população em decorrência da poluição atmosférica. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e estatísticas, como a correlação de Pearson e o modelo linear generalizado com distribuição de Poisson, para verificar as associações entre poluentes (Ozônio - O3 e Material Particulado com diâmetro até 10mm - PM10) e a mortalidade por doenças cardiorrespiratórias. Foi também objetivo deste trabalho analisar as concentrações desses poluentes e sua relação aos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação nacional e recomendações mundiais. Os resultados indicaram o aumento, no risco relativo, para óbito por doença cardiovascular e respiratória, de 2,162% e 4,040%, respectivamente, para exposições ao PM10. Para exposição ao O3 o risco é aumentado em 0,464% e 0,786%, para óbitos por doenças cardiovasculares e respiratórias, respectivamente.  Os resultados deste trabalho reforçam que a poluição do ar promove efeitos adversos, o que implica em perdas econômicas, sociais e à saúde da população. Portanto, políticas públicas que visem à diminuição das emissões de poluentes são imprescindíveis, assim como a revisão dos padrões de qualidade do ar, pelos órgãos competentes.Palavras-Chave: Poluição do Ar; Doenças Cardiorespiratórias; Padrões de Qualidade do ar; Ozônio, Material Particulado.AbstractAir pollution can cause several diseases, such as respiratory and cardiovascular, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the impacts to population´s cardiorespiratory health due to air pollution in the period between 2003 and 2013 in the city of São Paulo. Descriptive and statistical analyzes were performed, such as Pearson correlation and the generalized linear model according to Poisson distribution, to verify the associations between pollutants (Ozone - O3 and Particulate Material with diameter up to 10mm - PM10) and mortality by cardiorespiratory diseases. It was also this study objective to analyze the concentrations of these pollutants and their relation to the standards established by national legislation and world recommendations. The results indicated an increase, in relative risk, for death due to cardiovascular and respiratory disease, of 2.162% and 4.040%, respectively, for PM10 exposures. For exposure to O3, the risk is increased by 0.464% and 0.786% for deaths by cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, respectively. This work results reinforce that air pollution promotes adverse effects, which implies economic, social and population’s health losses. Therefore, public policies aimed at reducing pollutant emissions are essential, as is the review of air quality standards by competent entities.Keywords: Air Pollution; Cardiorespiratory Diseases; Air Quality Levels; Ozone; Particulate Matter


Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.


2001 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 407-408
Author(s):  
E. LANDULFO ◽  
A. PAPAYANNIS ◽  
A. ZANARDI DE FREITAS ◽  
M.P.P.. M. JORGE ◽  
N.D. VIEIRA JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6185
Author(s):  
André Ruoppolo Biazoti ◽  
Angélica Campos Nakamura ◽  
Gustavo Nagib ◽  
Vitória Oliveira Pereira de Souza Leão ◽  
Giulia Giacchè ◽  
...  

During the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, farmers worldwide were greatly affected by disruptions in the food chain. In 2020, São Paulo city experienced most of the effects of the pandemic in Brazil, with 15,587 deaths through December 2020. Here, we describe the impacts of COVID-19 on urban agriculture (UA) in São Paulo from April to August 2020. We analyzed two governmental surveys of 2100 farmers from São Paulo state and 148 from São Paulo city and two qualitative surveys of volunteers from ten community gardens and seven urban farmers. Our data showed that 50% of the farmers were impacted by the pandemic with drops in sales, especially those that depended on intermediaries. Some farmers in the city adapted to novel sales channels, but 22% claimed that obtaining inputs became difficult. No municipal support was provided to UA in São Paulo, and pre-existing issues were exacerbated. Work on community gardens decreased, but no garden permanently closed. Post COVID-19, UA will have the challenge of maintaining local food chains established during the pandemic. Due to the increase in the price of inputs and the lack of technical assistance, governmental efforts should be implemented to support UA.


2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Maura de Miranda ◽  
Maria de Fátima Andrade ◽  
Artemio Plana Fattori

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1451-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilia Brasilio Rodrigues Camargo ◽  
Maysa Seabra Cendoroglo ◽  
Luiz Roberto Ramos ◽  
Maria do Rosario Dias de Oliveira Latorre ◽  
Gabriela Luporini Saraiva ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Silva-Sánchez ◽  
P.R. Jacobi
Keyword(s):  

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E O. Yai ◽  
W. A. Cañon-Franco ◽  
V. C. Geraldi ◽  
M. E L. Summa ◽  
M. C G. O. Camargo ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Maria C. Q. D. Oliveira ◽  
Luciana V. Rizzo ◽  
Anita Drumond

Air pollution is one of the main environmental problems in large urban centers, affecting people’s health and impacting quality of life. The Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) presents frequent exceedances of air-quality standards in inhalable particulate matter (PM10), a consequence of pollutant emissions modulated by meteorological conditions. This study aims to identify and characterize PM10persistent exceedance events (PEE) inthe MASP between 2005 and 2017, relating them to meteorological conditions. The criteria used to select the events were: (i) events that occurred in at least 50% of the air-quality monitoring stations chosen for this study and, (ii) among the events that met the first criterion, those with a duration equal to or greater than five days, which correspond to the 80% percentile of the event duration distribution. A total 71 persistent episodes of exceedance were selected. The results show that the exceedance of PM10 lasted up to 14 consecutive days and was predominant in the austral winter, accompanied by an increase in maximum temperature (T), a decrease in wind speed (WS) and relative humidity (RH), and a wind direction predominantly from the northwest during the peak concentration of the pollutant. On average, a concentration increase of 60% was observed at the peak of the PEE.


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