scholarly journals Visions of a Future Research Workplace Arising from Recent Foresight Exercises

2021 ◽  
pp. 169-185
Author(s):  
Andrzej M. J. Skulimowski
Keyword(s):  
Expert Systems ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Performance Limits ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Intellectual Capacity ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge

AbstractThe results of recent foresight projects reveal the impact of future ICT tools on the practice of scientific research. This paper presents several aspects of the process of building scenarios and trends of selected advanced ICT technologies. We point out the implications of emerging global expert systems (GESs) and AI-based learning platforms (AILPs). GESs will be capable of using and processing global knowledge from all available sources, such as databases, repositories, video streams, interactions with other researchers and knowledge processing units. In many scientific disciplines, the high volume, density and increasing level of interconnection of data have already exhausted the capacities of any individual researcher. Three trends may dominate the development of scientific methodology. Collective research is one possible coping strategy: Group intellectual capacity makes it possible to tackle complex problems. Recent data flow forecasts indicate that even in the few areas, which still resist ICT domination, research based on data gathered in non-ICT supported collections will soon reach its performance limits due to the ever-growing amount of knowledge to be acquired, verified, exchanged and communicated between researchers. Growing automation of research is the second option: Automated expert systems will be capable of selecting and processing knowledge to the level of a professionally edited scientific paper, with only minor human involvement. The third trend is intensive development and deployment of brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) to quickly access and process data. Specifically, GESs and AILPs can be used together with BCIs. The above approaches may eventually merge, forming a few AI-related technological scenarios, as discussed to conclude the paper.

scholarly journals The Clean pilot study: evaluation of an environmental hygiene intervention bundle in three Tanzanian hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Gon ◽  
Abdunoor M. Kabanywanyi ◽  
Petri Blinkhoff ◽  
Simon Cousens ◽  
Stephanie J. Dancer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Hygiene ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Healthcare associated infections (HAI) are estimated to affect up to 15% of hospital inpatients in low-income countries (LICs). A critical but often neglected aspect of HAI prevention is basic environmental hygiene, particularly surface cleaning and linen management. TEACH CLEAN is an educational intervention aimed at improving environmental hygiene. We evaluated the effectiveness of this intervention in a pilot study in three high-volume maternity and newborn units in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods This study design prospectively evaluated the intervention as a whole, and offered a before-and-after comparison of the impact of the main training. We measured changes in microbiological cleanliness [Aerobic Colony Counts (ACC) and presence of Staphylococcus aureus] using dipslides, and physical cleaning action using gel dots. These were analysed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. We used qualitative (focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and semi-structured observation) and quantitative (observation checklist) tools to measure why and how the intervention worked. We describe these findings across the themes of adaptation, fidelity, dose, reach and context. Results Microbiological cleanliness improved during the study period (ACC pre-training: 19%; post-training: 41%). The odds of cleanliness increased on average by 1.33 weekly during the pre-training period (CI = 1.11–1.60), and by 1.08 (CI = 1.03–1.13) during the post-training period. Cleaning action improved only in the pre-training period. Detection of S. aureus on hospital surfaces did not change substantially. The intervention was well received and considered feasible in this context. The major pitfalls in the implementation were the limited number of training sessions at the hospital level and the lack of supportive supervision. A systems barrier to implementation was lack of regular cleaning supplies. Conclusions The evaluation suggests that improvements in microbiological cleanliness are possible using this intervention and can be sustained. Improved microbiological cleanliness is a key step on the pathway to infection prevention in hospitals. Future research should assess whether this bundle is cost-effective in reducing bacterial and viral transmission and infection using a rigorous study design.

Research Advances in Potyviruses: From the Laboratory Bench to the Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuling Yang ◽  
Yinzi Li ◽  
Aiming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Genome Expression ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge

Potyviruses (viruses in the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae) constitute the largest group of known plant-infecting RNA viruses and include many agriculturally important viruses that cause devastating epidemics and significant yield losses in many crops worldwide. Several potyviruses are recognized as the most economically important viral pathogens. Therefore, potyviruses are more studied than other groups of plant viruses. In the past decade, a large amount of knowledge has been generated to better understand potyviruses and their infection process. In this review, we list the top 10 economically important potyviruses and present a brief profile of each. We highlight recent exciting findings on the novel genome expression strategy and the biological functions of potyviral proteins and discuss recent advances in molecular plant–potyvirus interactions, particularly regarding the coevolutionary arms race. Finally, we summarize current disease control strategies, with a focus on biotechnology-based genetic resistance, and point out future research directions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Phytopathology, Volume 59 is August 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

The roles of emerging multinational companies’ technology-driven FDIs in their learning processes for innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Liu
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Capability Building

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contextually theorise the different patterns of emerging multinational companies’ (EMNCs’) learning processes for innovation and the different influences of their technology-driven FDIs (TFDIs) on the processes. Design/methodology/approach A comparative case study method and process tracing technique are employed to investigate how and why firms’ learning processes for innovation took place, how and why the TFDIs emerged and influenced the firms’ learning processes in different ways. Findings The paper identifies two different patterns of learning process for innovation (Glider model vs Helicopter model) and two different roles of the case firms’ TFDIs (accelerator vs starter) in the different contexts of their learning processes. It is found that the capability building of the domestic wind energy industry has an important influence on the case of EMNCs’ learning processes and thus on the roles of their TFDIs. Research limitations/implications The limitation of the paper lies in its small number of cases in a specific industry of a specific country. The two contextually identified learning models and roles of TFDIs may not be applied to other industries or other countries. Future research should investigate more cases in broader sectoral and geographic scope to test the models and also to identify new models. Practical implications For EMNCs, who wants to use the Helicopter model to rapidly gain production and innovation capability, cross-cultural management and integration management are crucial to practitioners. For emerging countries with ambitions to explore the global knowledge and technology pool, besides of the EMNC’s capability building, the capability building in the domestic industries should not be overlooked by policy makers. Originality/value The paper develops a dynamic and contextual analytical framework which helps to answer the important questions about how and under what context a TFDI emerges and influences firm’s learning process for innovation. It theorises the EMNCs’ learning process and TFDIs in the context of the development of the domestic industry. It strengthens the explanatory power of the learning-based view and adds new knowledge to the current FSA/CSA discourse in the international business literature.

scholarly journals How to write a scientific paper: A hypothesis-based approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Heun
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Simple Hypothesis ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Study Hypothesis

AbstractMany books and other published recommendations provide a large, sometimes excessive amount of information to be included, and of mistakes to be avoided in research papers for academic journals. However, there is a lack of simple and clear recommendations on how to write such scientific articles. To make life easier for new authors, we propose a simple hypothesis-based approach, which consistently follows the study hypothesis, section by section throughout the manuscript: The introduction section should develop the study hypothesis, by introducing and explaining the relevant concepts, connecting these concepts and by stating the study hypotheses to be tested at the end. The material and methods section must describe the sample or material, the tools, instruments, procedures and analyses used to test the study hypothesis. The results section must describe the study sample, the data collected and the data analyses that lead to the confirmation or rejection of the hypothesis. The discussion must state if the study hypothesis has been confirmed or rejected, if the study result is comparable to, and compatible with other research. It should evaluate the reliability and validity of the study outcome, clarify the limitations of the study and explore the relevance of the supported or rejected hypothesis for clinical practice and future research. If needed, an abstract at the beginning of the manuscript, usually structured in objectives, material and methods, results and conclusions, should provide summaries in two to three sentences for each section. Acknowledgements, declarations of ethical approval, of informed consent by study subjects, of interests by authors and a reference list will be needed in most scientific journals.

scholarly journals ADVANCED ICT TOOLS FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COMPLEX CALCULATIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1388-1395
Author(s):  
Dr. Capt. K. Sujatha Et al.
Keyword(s):  
College Education ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Edge Information ◽  
Concept Understanding ◽  
Content Integration ◽  
Intellectual Capacity ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
Study Hall ◽  
Teaching Learning

India being a nation of Mathematicians like Srinivasa Ramanujam, Aryabhata, Shakuntala Devi, and so forth is constantly celebrated for worldwide numerical commitments throughout time. In the current circumstance, math is a subject that most understudies attempt to dodge because of its extensive counts and complex definitions. Numerous nations around the globe have done several turns of events and developments for mathematical calculations in the field of Chemistry, Physics, Electronics, Computer Science, and so forth with the assistance of cutting-edge Information Communication Technology (ICT) apparatuses. Indian mathematical subsystems also need to evolve and upgrade to meet the global professional competition from the grassroots level. There is a genuine need to join ICT instruments for mathematics in school and college education to have a superior agreement. The joining of ICT instruments can change the course of calculative study to calculative upgrade which further prompts higher concept understanding and perspective development. This paper discusses the new improvement in the field of advanced calculation and how it is limiting the weight on understudies. As per Prytherch (2000), "ICTs are networks that provide new opportunities for teaching, learning, and training through the delivery of digital content. “Integration technology in education means giving experiential learning to the students. Software tools for calculation are utilized in the study hall for improving intellectual capacity and abilities in students especially to diminish computation stress among them.     

D-I-A-B-E-T-E-S

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-172
Author(s):  
Howard C. Mofenson ◽  
Joseph Greensher ◽  
Roy Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Juvenile Diabetes ◽  
Minimum Amount ◽  
Juvenile Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Intellectual Capacity ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge

Many physicians see few, if any, patients each year with juvenile diabetes mellitus. With this in mind, we have formulated a simple, easily remembered mnemonic using the letters in "Diabetes" to help physicians refresh their memories as to the minimum amount of knowledge to be imparted to the parents and the patients. The details will vary with the intellectual capacity of the parent and the patient. To aid the physician, the following will constitute a minimum program of education.

Implications, Limitations, and Future Research

2019 ◽  
pp. 110-115
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Ict Tools ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Practical Implications

This chapter aims to explain the different implications of the research results, including theoretical implications, and how the findings contribute to the body of knowledge, and the practical implications for managers and decision makers in organizations. These include how they could use the research findings to achieve better results in customer, employee, society, and overall performance areas by developing the right types of organizational culture and using the right ICT tools. This chapter also sets out the research limitations and provides recommendations for future research based on the findings and experience from this study.

GROUP EXPOSURE IN VIVO FOR AGORAPHOBICS (1974): A MULTIFACETED PILOT STUDY AND ITS IMPACT ON SUBSEQUENT AGORAPHOBIA RESEARCH

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iver Hand
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioural Intervention ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
High Data ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural

This paper reviews the research in agoraphobia in four areas: (i) Is the group application of exposure in vivo really the most effective treatment for agoraphobia? (ii) Does high group cohesion really increase the power of group exposure? (iii) Was the exposure mode applied in this study actually the first cognitive-behavioural intervention in behaviour therapy of anxiety disorders? (iv) How often do agoraphobics really suffer from marital discord, and how does this affect the outcome of short-term, massed exposure-treatment? It describes the development of concepts and the evolution of knowledge, but it also points out the redundancies, misunderstandings and pitfalls in research that have hindered progress. This paper does not deal with the data quality of the studies reviewed; sometimes high data quality does not result in high information quality, and vice versa. This is therefore not a scientific paper but a non-comprehensive journey through the recent history of research in behaviour therapy for agoraphobia. It is hoped to give practice-relevant information for clinicians and some new ideas for future research.

A practical review and taxonomy of fuzzy expert systems: methods and applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madjid Tavana ◽  
Vahid Hajipour
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Conference Proceedings ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fuzzy Expert Systems ◽  
Journal Publications ◽  
Inference Systems

Purpose Expert systems are computer-based systems that mimic the logical processes of human experts or organizations to give advice in a specific domain of knowledge. Fuzzy expert systems use fuzzy logic to handle uncertainties generated by imprecise, incomplete and/or vague information. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of the methods and applications in fuzzy expert systems. Design/methodology/approach The authors have carefully reviewed 281 journal publications and 149 conference proceedings published over the past 37 years since 1982. The authors grouped the journal publications and conference proceedings separately accordingly to the methods, application domains, tools and inference systems. Findings The authors have synthesized the findings and proposed useful suggestions for future research directions. The authors show that the most common use of fuzzy expert systems is in the medical field. Originality/value Fuzzy logic can be used to manage uncertainty in expert systems and solve problems that cannot be solved effectively with conventional methods. In this study, the authors present a comprehensive review of the methods and applications in fuzzy expert systems which could be useful for practicing managers developing expert systems under uncertainty.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document