scholarly journals The Power Shift from Government to Organized Crime in Kyrgyzstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
Erlan Bakiev
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Small Business Owners ◽  
Power Shift ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Internet And Social Media

AbstractOrganized crime (OC) groups in Kyrgyzstan have reached a level where they are competing with governmental authorities and institutions. Leaders of OC groups can assign members of their groups into law enforcement positions and parliament. It is safe to claim that the absence of rule of law and legal gaps encourage organized crime groups to flourish. From an economic point of view, privatization and capitalization of the economic system in the process of democratization have been in the interest and favor of the development of criminal organizations. Organized crime gangs can easily fill their chests by benefiting from the legal gaps. For instance, all the jewelry store owners at the major markets in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan pay fees to an OC gang for their safety and security. Small business owners have been taken under control by organized crime to resolve economic disputes or just because they are in their area of control. Moreover, gangs and groups operating in the South Kyrgyzstan, as well as in Talas and Bishkek, deal with drug trafficking. The cultural aspect of this issue focuses on the importance of the clan ties and network connections in Kyrgyzstan and its use by organized crime. The networking used by the OC also includes utilization of the Internet and social media, consequently it became difficult to counter them during the process of globalization and the whole of society being integrated with the internet and social media, the fight against organized crime has become more difficult. Challenging existing socio-cultural structures, to increase law enforcement and combat clan-based subculture and informal law practices, such as the “thieves” “laws” and “brotherhood hierarchies” of organized crime, have been an almost impossible endeavor over the past 30 years. Consequently, breaking the network of OC and destroying its nationwide functions is a challenge, not only in Kyrgyzstan but in many post-soviet countries.

scholarly journals A Policy-oriented Agent-based Model of Recruitment into Organized Crime

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Maria Campedelli ◽  
Francesco Calderoni ◽  
Mario Paolucci ◽  
Tommaso Comunale ◽  
Daniele Vilone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
And Control

Criminal organizations exploit their presence on territories and local communities to recruit new workforce in order to carry out their criminal activities and business. The ability to attract individuals is crucial for maintaining power and control over the territories in which these groups are settled. This study proposes the formalization, development and analysis of an agent-based model (ABM) that simulates a neighborhood of Palermo (Sicily) with the aim to understand the pathways that lead individuals to recruitment into organized crime groups (OCGs). Using empirical data on social, economic and criminal conditions of the area under analysis, we use a multi-layer network approach to simulate this scenario. As the final goal, we test different policies to counter recruitment into OCGs. These scenarios are based on two different dimensions of prevention and intervention: (i) primary and secondary socialization and (ii) law enforcement targeting strategies.

Trade-based money laundering: organized crime, learning and international trade

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 651-661
Author(s):  
Todd Hataley
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
White Collar Crime ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Organized Crime Groups

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the link between trade-based money laundering and organized crime. Trade-based money laundering (TBML) has emerged as the newest and possibly most complex method used by organized crime and white-collar crime groups for illegally laundering money in the international financial system. Using legitimate global trade streams, criminal organizations are able to transfer billions of dollars annually between jurisdictions without having to adhere to state-level currency regulations. Design/methodology/approach Using a rational approach to understanding the behavior of criminal organizations, it is argued that TBML will continue to grow as a preferred methodology for laundering money internationally. As criminal organizations continue to be displaced from the more traditional methods of money laundering, they will look for and find TBML as a viable alternative for moving money between different jurisdictions. Findings As the methodology becomes more developed, the skill set will transfer to an increasing number of organized crime groups and be incorporated as a mainstream method for laundering and moving money. Practical implications To stay current with contemporary money laundering schemes, law enforcement agencies will have to train their investigators to spot, investigate and collect requisite evidence for successful prosecution and disruption of TBML offences. Moreover, in the absence of a global regime for sharing trade and customs information, legislators and law enforcement agencies will have to consider how to best expedite the sharing of trade and customs information. Originality/value This is the only study to address TBML as an emerging money laundering technique and the transfer of the skill between organized crime groups. It further details the skills that police investigators needs to develop to successfully combat TBML.

BASIC PROSTITUTION ORGANIZATIONS TYPES

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 2091-2100
Author(s):  
Venelin Terziev ◽  
Hristo Bonev
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Sexual Exploitation ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
System Management ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Sexual Services

This article outlines the three main prostitution organization types as well as hierarchical structures in criminal organizations dealing with human trafficking, prostitution and sexual exploitation. Several major categories of personages are directly involved in organized crime groups. The main indicators for assessing the prostitution prevention are defined and the principles for system management and management are justified. The three factors of prostitution management - psychological, social and financial - are outlined. An evaluation of the prostitution market has been carried out and the functions of the domestic and external markets for paid sex are described. The data provided gives us a reason to assume that the consumption of sexual services is increasing.

Internet Addiction Status and Related Factors among Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Western Iran

2021 ◽  
pp. 0272684X2110254
Author(s):  
Habibolah Khazaie ◽  
Javad Yoosefi Lebni ◽  
Jaffar Abbas ◽  
Behzad Mahaki ◽  
Fakhreddin Chaboksavar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internet And Social Media

Background In recent years, Internet and social media technology use have emerged as an integral tool of human society, and the evolution of technological integration, cyberspace, and web-technology has become a common practice in educational institutions. Internet usage among students has played an indispensable role in learning behavior; however, the excessive usage of the internet and social media leads to internet addiction. This original study has performed a focalized scrutiny on revealing relationships between internet addiction and associated factors among the students of medicine, dentistry, and pharmaceutical departments. Methods This descriptive and analytical study recruited medical students from the Self-governing Education Incubator of Kermanshah. This survey distributed questionnaires among the respondents’ three departments, and this statistical data reported on 420 valid responses of the respondents. They represent first and second-semester medical students of the academic year 2017–2018. The study selected medical students by applying Cochran's Sample Size Formula through Stratified Random Sampling and cross-sectional research design. The survey has utilized a demographic questionnaire of Young's Internet Addiction Test (IAT) for the data collection. The study analyzed received data by using SPSS version 23 and performed the descriptive statistics, and analytical statistics (t-test and ANOVA). Results The results of the present study established that the majority of subjects were female students (53.3%), and the average age was 23.84 ± 2.14, including the students of all departments. Besides, findings specified that the overall mean and standard deviation scores were 3.34 and ±0.88. Internet addiction revealed mean and the standard deviation score measured for all students 3.29 ± 0.73, 3.17 ± 0.92, and 3.57 ± 0.64 correspondingly. The survey results illustrated that medical students’ internet addiction substantially correlated with demographic variables, such as age, marital status, the field of study, academic term, significant time of consuming the internet, the key reason of utilizing the internet, and daily usage of the internet ( p < .05). Conclusion The results of the study specified that 25% of medical students showed internet addiction. The students are increasingly using the internet, and it has penetrated among students. The design and implementation of adequate educational programs and the application of internet-based efficiency interventions are essential for both knowledge acquisition and medical students’ healthy behavior.

The Use of the Internet and Social Media by Microenterprises in South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Obey Dzomonda ◽  
Olawale Fatoki ◽  
Olabanji Oni ◽  
Mgoako Prudence Bosch
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Internet And Social Media

Pelanggaran Hak Cipta Musik Berbentuk Cover Song di Media Sosial

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48
Author(s):  
Uyan Wiryadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Domain Name ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cover Song ◽  
Cover Songs

The purpose of this study: 1) To find out copyright violations in the field of music in the form of a cover song by recording through social media connected with Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. 2) To find out the factors that influence copyright violations in the music field in the form of cover songs by recording through social media. The writing of this thesis uses a statute approach, by reviewing amendments to Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright and its implications for copyright and its implementation by state institutions and the Republic of Indonesia Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Amendment of Law Number 11 Year 2008 Regarding Information and Electronic Transactions. Results of research conducted by the author: When someone does a cover song through social media without permission from the creator, both for the purpose not for commercial or commercial purposes, it is an infringement of copyright. Factors that influence the occurrence of violations of copyright in Indonesia include: 1) Weak law enforcement against violators. 2) Works on the internet can easily be duplicated and disseminated globally in a short period of time and in large quantities. 3) There is no limit on the place of the offender because a domain name or website can be accessed by anyone globally. 4) Procedures for events between countries in dealing with violations of copyright on the internet, such as to determine who the perpetrators are and when they occur and determine the jurisdiction of violations still vary.  

scholarly journals Commodification In Public Sphere; The Fight Of Ideology Through Social Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Arina Rohmatul Hidayah ◽  
Moch. Mukhlison
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Law Enforcement Agency ◽  
Valid Data ◽  
News Editor

This paper wants to present a critical perspective in reading the discourse that has been played on social media in the last few days. With literature review method, the KPK Taliban is a form of discourse in which ideological values which are basically the principle of a person or group in determining the direction and purpose of how to proceed, are modified in such a way as to be sold or made into public commodities for political interests. The use of the term Taliban which is associated with hardline of Islam, wants to form an Islamic government in accordance with Islamic laws, is considered have a high 'selling power' so that it can be used to reduce the image of KPK as a law enforcement agency. Like a word, every journalist will try to make interesting headline to get a high view of readers. This term can seem to describe that there has been an internal radicalization in KPK that has created a system of eradicating selective corruption based on the ideology of investigator. From this point of view, social media can be said to be an easy facilitator to explore discourses of this kind. Due to the absence of a gate keeper or news editor, anyone who has an interest in them is free to release any statement even if it is not accompanied by valid data. Even rational and critical discussions such as the basic concept of public sphere are transformed into irrational  

The Impact of the Internet and Social Media on Caregiving

2015 ◽  
pp. 269-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherina Nikzad-Terhune ◽  
Keith A. Anderson ◽  
Lori La Bey
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internet And Social Media

What is Indian in Indian English? Markers of Indianness in Hindi-Speaking Users’ Social Media Communication

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Dąbrowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Gender Preferences ◽  
Indian English ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Classical Study ◽  
Global Status

Public communication in the contemporary world constitutes a multifaceted phenomenon. The Internet offers unlimited possibilities of contact and public expression, locally and globally, yet exerts its power, inducing use of the Internet lingo, loosening language norms, and encourages the use of a lingua franca, English in particular. This leads to linguistic choices that are liberating for some and difficult for others on ideological grounds, due to the norms of the discourse community, or simply because of insufficient language skills and linguistic means available. Such choices appear to particularly characterise post-colonial states, in which the co-existence of multiple local tongues with the language once imperially imposed and now owned by local users makes the web of repertoires especially complex. Such a case is no doubt India, where the use of English alongside the nationally encouraged Hindi and state languages stems not only from its historical past, but especially its present position enhanced not only by its local prestige, but also by its global status too, and also as the primary language of Online communication. The Internet, however, has also been recognised as a medium that encourages, and even revitalises, the use of local tongues, and which may manifest itself through the choice of a given language as the main medium of communication, or only a symbolic one, indicated by certain lexical or grammatical features as identity markers. It is therefore of particular interest to investigate how members of such a multilingual community, represented here by Hindi users, convey their cultural identity when interacting with friends and the general public Online, on social media sites. This study is motivated by Kachru’s (1983) classical study, and, among others, a recent discussion concerning the use of Hinglish (Kothari and Snell, eds., 2011). This paper analyses posts by Hindi users on Facebook (private profiles and fanpages) and Twitter, where personalities of users are largely known, and on YouTube, where they are often hidden, in order to identify how the users mark their Indian identity. Investigated will be Hindi lexical items, grammatical aspects and word order, cases of code-switching, and locally coloured uses of English words and spelling conventions, with an aim to establish, also from the point of view of gender preferences, the most dominating linguistic patterns found Online.

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