The Impact of External Influences on the Characteristics of Metals of Welded Structures of Construction Machines

2021 ◽  
pp. 973-982
Author(s):  
Alexander Scherbakov ◽  
Anna Babanina ◽  
Vera Breskich ◽  
Vadim Klyovan
Keyword(s):  
Welded Structures ◽  
External Influences ◽  
The Impact

Influence of Phase Transformations on Residual Stresses in Welded Structures

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Dennis ◽  
R. Kulka ◽  
O. Muransky ◽  
M. C. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Transformation Model ◽  
Austenitic Steels ◽  
Beam Specimen ◽  
Welded Structures ◽  
The Impact

A key aspect of any numerical simulation to predict welding induced residual stresses is the development and application of an appropriate material model. Often significant effort is expended characterising the thermal, physical and hardening properties including complex phenomena such as high temperature annealing. Consideration of these aspects is sufficient to produce a realistic prediction for austenitic steels, however ferritic steels are susceptible to solid state phase transformations when heated to high temperatures. On cooling a reverse transformation occurs, with an associated volume change at the isothermal transformation temperature. Although numerical models exist (e.g. Leblond) to predict the evolution of the metallurgical phases, accounting for volumetric changes, it remains a matter of debate as to the magnitude of the impact of phase transformations on residual stresses. Often phase transformations are neglected entirely. In this work a simple phase transformation model is applied to a range of welded structures with the specific aim of assessing the impact, or otherwise, of phase transformations on the magnitude and distribution of predicted residual stresses. The welded structures considered account for a range of geometries from a simple ferritic beam specimen to a thick section multi-pass weld. The outcome of this work is an improved understanding of the role of phase transformation on residual stresses and an appreciation of the circumstances in which it should be considered.

Durability and Permanence in the Quality – Contemporary Parameters, Defining the Papers and Cardboards for Printing Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denitsa Ivanova-Alexandrova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Graphic Art ◽  
Long Period ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Composition Properties ◽  
The Impact

The long lifecycle, also known as durability and the permanence / invariability in the quality of papers and cardbords for graphic art, are today the basic requirements, imposed by printed art in terms of high quality parameters. These two factors are a manifestation, depending on different internal chemical-composition properties of the paper consistency and external influences of the ambience. Longevity and permanence are perceived as a function of aging and are actually observed at a later point in time. It is important to clarify that they are terms with different contents where „durability” is perceived as the ability of the paper or cardboard to resist the impact of wear during use, and the „permanence” is the possibility of product to remain chemically and physically stable for a long period of time.

scholarly journals The Rise and Decline of Scientific Productivity in the Muslim World: A Preliminary Analysis

ICR Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-246
Author(s):  
Asadullah Ali Al-Andalusi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
External Influences ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Internal Influences ◽  
The Impact

Scientific productivity has been in decline in the Muslim world since as early as the 15th century and is only now reviving. Many factors have been attributed to the rise and decline, falling under two broad categories: external and internal influences. The popular understanding of scientific decline in the Muslim world, known as the ‘classical narrative’ promulgated by orientalists, suggests that only external influences - mainly the synthesis of Persian and Greek elements of civilisation into the Arab imperialist project - were the reasons for the sharp rise of the sciences within Islamic civilisation. Simultaneously, this narrative also suggests that internal influences, exemplified in the impact of Al-Ghazali’s thought towards a more conservative religious approach, as opposed to the more ‘rationalist’ elements of the Mutazilite School of theology -  played the most significant role in decline. This paper shows that the classical narrative is invalid, that there were more legitimate factors at play in both the rise and decline of science in the Muslim world, and that the contemporary stagnation in scientific productivity is a result of this misunderstanding.

scholarly journals Predicting External Influences to Ship’s Average Fuel Consumption Based on Non-Uniform Time Set

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Igor Vujović ◽  
Joško Šoda ◽  
Ivica Kuzmanić ◽  
Miro Petković
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Smoothing Spline ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Statistical Measures ◽  
Spline Fitting ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Length Determination ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, the impact of the ships on the World economy is enormous, considering that every ship needs fuel to sail from source to destination. It requires a lot of fuel, and therefore, there is a need to monitor and predict a ship’s average fuel consumption. However, although there are much models available to predict a ship’s consumption, most of them rely on a uniform time set. Here we show the model of predicting external influences to ship’s average fuel consumption based on a non-uniform time set. The model is based on the numeric fitting of recorded data. The first set of recorded data was used to develop the model, while the second set was used for validation. Statistical quality measures have been used to choose the optimal fitting function for the model. According to statistical measures, the Gaussian 7, Fourier 8, and smoothing spline fitting functions were chosen as optimal algorithms for model development. In addition to extensive data analysis, there is an algorithm for filter length determination for the preprocessing of raw data. This research is of interest to corporate logistics departments in charge of ensuring adequate fuel for fleets when and where required.

scholarly journals The impact of anthropogenic and external influences on the life cycle of a real estate object in Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 03004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Matveeva ◽  
Olga Larina ◽  
Hai Yen Pham
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
The Impact

The life cycle of real estate objects in Vietnam have been studied in the terms of negative anthropogenic and external impacts. It is shown in the paper that the reliability and longevity of the constructed objects are influenced in aggregate by all groups of the impact factors considered with the disclosure of the destructive processes leading to collapse of the buildings. It is explained that in order to ensure the safety of functioning of buildings erected in compliance with regulatory requirements at the stages of their construction and operation, it is necessary to conduct constant monitoring of their actual technical condition.

The problem of entanglement: Biases and fallacies in police conflict management

2021 ◽  
pp. 146135572110640
Author(s):  
Mario S Staller ◽  
Benjamin Zaiser ◽  
Swen Koerner
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
Excessive Use Of Force ◽  
Systemic Understanding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

Cognitive biases have been identified as drivers of the excessive use of force, which has determined current affairs across the globe. In this article, we argue that the police are facing serious challenges in combating these biases. These challenges stem from the nature of cognitive biases, their sources and the fallacies that mislead police professionals in the way they think about them. Based on a framework of expert decision-making fallacies and biases, we argue that these fallacies limit the impact of efforts to mitigate cognitive biases in police conflict management. In order to achieve a systemic understanding of cognitive biases and their detrimental effects, the article concludes that implementing reflexive structures within the police is a crucial prerequisite to effectively reflect on external influences and to limit bias and fallacies from further unfolding in a self-referential loop.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-316
Author(s):  
Mark R. Beissinger
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Institutional Differences ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Global Fluctuations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Foreign Ideas ◽  
Civil Societies

Russia and China took fundamentally different approaches to authoritarian rule beginning in the 1980s. But there is another dimension to the divide of the 1980s that has rendered. Chinese and Russian authoritarianisms increasingly similar: their common embrace of globalization. Both regimes established statist versions of globalization that seek to contain the impact of external influences and global fluctuations even while integrating into the global economic system. Even while globalizing, both have engaged in similar efforts to regulate their civil societies, cut them off from external sources of support, inoculate citizens against foreign ideas, and utilize globalization to their advantage. In their congruent handling of the challenges posed by globalization, Chinese and Russian authoritarianism may in fact be converging toward common forms of domination that render the institutional differences between competitive and non-competitive forms of authoritarianism moot.

scholarly journals Universal stand for studying of threshing process of a separate sunflower heads

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (183) ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
V.D. Shaforostov ◽  
◽  
S.S. Makarov ◽  
G.V. Kochurov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Control System ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Universal Stand ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Impact

While studying the designs of threshing devices and threshing methods, we revealed the main factors that have a significant effecting the threshing process. It has been established that the primary method of seeds threshing is blow with subsequent wiping. Deformation of sunflower heads makes the threshing process easy and reduces seeds damage. When working, all the threshing and separating devices, acting as control objects, are subject to external influences that are caused by numerous and diverse factors requiring constant monitoring and adjustment of the control system. Such factors are moisture, physical and mechanical properties and varietal qualities of the threshed crop. After analyzing the material of the review of copyright certificates and patents, we concluded the new thresher should perform the following operations: compression, vibration, wiping, and blow. The developed stand allows exploring all methods of sunflower heads threshing and studying the impact of each factor on the characteristics of the obtained seed material.

scholarly journals Impact of Short-Term Exogenous Shocks on Taxpayer Behavior and Tax Evasion

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-268
Author(s):  
V. A. Molodykh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Modeling Tools ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Exogenous Shocks ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

The evolution of views on tax evasion following the introduction of limited rationality and social and psychological factors into the models of taxpayer behavior has increased the plausibility of the initial assumptions of the models, but it has made it difficult to use classical approaches based on the search for equilibrium states. The variety of behavioral responses of taxpayers due to the many factors that influence their choice has led to the fact that tax evasion has come to be considered as the result of nonlinear and dynamic interactions between the state and taxpayers. In such models, small short-term external influences can act as shocks, which leads to the emergence of a wide range of different long-term trends, the analysis of which within the framework of traditional approaches is difficult. In this regard, the purpose of this review study is to study the evolution of views on the behavior of taxpayers that has led to the emergence of new approaches to modeling tax evasion where the key role is assigned to the analysis of the impact of external shocks of various scales and nature. The research hypothesis is that modern approaches to the study of tax evasion problems make it necessary to consider the interaction of the state and taxpayers within the framework of the theory of non-equilibrium and nonlinear systems in which minor external influences can play the role of shocks, and the most promising direction of their study is the use of agent-based modeling tools. The results of the study confirm that the use of agent-based models is a promising approach for integrating existing approaches in the study of tax evasion processes. The proposed concept of building an agent-based model for analyzing the processes of tax evasion allows us to answer the question of how short-term exogenous shocks will affect the preferences of taxpayers, taking into account their individual characteristics and accepted behavioral patterns in society.

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