Mineralogy and Properties of Raw Materials and Crystalline Phases of Ceramics and Glass–Ceramics

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-73
Author(s):  
Massimo Umberto Tomalino
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Crystalline Phases

scholarly journals Eco-Compatible Construction Materials Containing Ceramic Sludge and Packaging Glass Cullet

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3545
Author(s):  
Fernanda Andreola ◽  
Isabella Lancellotti ◽  
Paolo Pozzi ◽  
Luisa Barbieri
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Linear Shrinkage ◽  
Glass Cullet ◽  
Commercial Glass ◽  
Packaging Glass ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This research reports results of eco-compatible building material obtained without natural raw materials. A mixture of sludge from a ceramic wastewater treatment plant and glass cullet from the urban collection was used to obtain high sintered products suitable to be used as covering floor/wall tiles in buildings. The fired samples were tested by water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent density, and mechanical and chemical properties. Satisfactory results were achieved from densification properties and SEM/XRD analyses showed a compact polycrystalline microstructure with albite and wollastonite embedded in the glassy phase, similar to other commercial glass-ceramics. Besides, the products were obtained with a reduction of 200 °C with respect to the firing temperatures of commercial ones. Additionally, the realized materials were undergone to leaching test following Italian regulation to evaluate the mobility of hazardous ions present into the sludge. The data obtained verified that after thermal treatment the heavy metals were immobilized into the ceramic matrix without further environmental impact for the product use. The results of the research confirm that this valorization of matter using only residues produces glass ceramics high sintered suitable to be used as tile with technological properties similar or higher than commercial ones.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of leucite containing glass - ceramics using natural raw materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Matías Stábile ◽  
Cristina Volzone
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Electrical Resistivities of Mica Glass-Ceramics with Flake Phlogopite and Waste Glass

2014 ◽  
Vol 602-603 ◽  
pp. 640-643
Author(s):  
Yu Fei Chen ◽  
Yan Gai Liu ◽  
Xiao Wen Wu ◽  
Zhao Hui Huang ◽  
Ming Hao Fang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Electric Locomotive ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Electrical Resistivities

Mica glass-ceramics can be applied in all kinds of electrical equipment, locomotive internal circuits in high-speed rail, ordinary electric locomotive and subway locomotive. In this study, mica glass-ceramics were prepared by sintering process using flake mica and waste glass as the main raw material with low cost. Different mica glass-ceramic samples were fabricated by changing the formula of raw materials, molding process and sintering temperature. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, three-point bending test, and balanced-bridge technique were applied to investigate the phase, microstructure, mechanical and electrical resistivities of the samples, respectively. The results show that the optimum sintering temperature is 900 to 1000 °C holding for two hours, the desirable ratio is 70 wt% of mica powder while 30 wt% of glass powder. In that condition the sample could be less porosity, high flexural strength (63.3 MPa) and eligible electrical resistivity (0.4×1013 Ω·cm).

scholarly journals Preparation of basalt-based glass ceramics

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 505-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Matovic ◽  
Snezana Boskovic ◽  
Mihovil Logar
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Glassy Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Ceramic Materials

Local and conventional raw materials?massive basalt from the Vrelo locality on Kopaonik mountain?have been used as starting materials to test their suitability for the production of glass-ceramics. Crystallization phenomena of glasses of the fused basalt rocks were studied by X-ray phase analysis optical microscopy and other techniques. Various heat treatments were used and their influences, on controlling the microstructures and properties of the products were studied with the aim of developing high strength glass-ceramic materials. Diopside CaMg(SiO3)2 and hypersthene ((Mg,Fe)SiO3) were identifies as the crystalline phases. The final products contained considerable amounts of a glassy phase. The crystalline size was in range of 8?480 ?m with plate or needle shape. Microhardness, crashing strength and wears resistence of the glass-ceramics ranged from 6.5?7.5, from 2000?6300 kg/cm2 and from 0.1?0.2 g/cm, respectively.

scholarly journals Ferrosilicate glass ceramics based on wastes from ore concentration

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-103
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Glass Technology ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Hematite Fe2o3 ◽  
Crystallization Of Glass

We showed in this work that there is a possibility of recycling the wastes derived from iron ore concentration by using glass technology. The compositions of new glass ceramics with high technological and decorative properties were developed. The influence of Al2O3, MgO and Na2O additives to the waste from ore benefication on the parameters of the synthesized glass and its crystallization products was studied. The optimal temperatures of synthesis, annealing and crystallization of glass samples in the systems (Fe2O3–FeO)–SiO2–Al2O3–Na2O and (Fe2O3–FeO)–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO were shown to be 1450100С, 500–6000С and 700–8000C, respectively. It was established that the redox conditions of crystallization of glasses in the system (FeO–Fe2O3)–SiO2–Al2O3–Na2O strongly affect the nature of the iron-containing phases that are formed: oxidative conditions favors the formation of hematite (Fe2O3) and aegirinite (Na2OFe2O34SiO2), whereas reducing conditions contributes to the formation of wustite (FeO) and fayalite (2FeOSiO2). In the system (FeO–Fe2O3)–SiO2–Al2O3–MgO under both oxidative and reducing conditions of crystallization, the same crystalline phases appear: olivine (2(Mg,Fe)OSiO2), hercin (FeOAl2O3) and iron metasilicate (FeOSiO2). It was shown that the crystallization of samples under reducing conditions allows producing materials with higher microhardness. The surface layer of glasses and glass ceramics exhibited less microhardness than their deep layers.

scholarly journals High strength glass-ceramics sintered with coal gangue аs а raw material

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-294
Author(s):  
Dang Wei ◽  
H.-Y. He
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Sintered Glass ◽  
Utilization Ratio

High strength lightweight glass-ceramics were fabricated with coal gangue and clay as main raw materials. The utilization ratio of coal gangue, the ratio of the coal gangue with clay, mineralization agents, forming process and sintering process on the properties of the fabricated glass-ceramics were optimized. The utilization ratio of coal gangue reached 75, and the ratio of coal gangue to clay was 3/1, as an optimal property was observed. The optimal sintering temperature was found to be 1370?C. At this optimal temperature, the sintered glass-ceramics showed the main phase of mullite and spindle and so showed high strength, low density, and low water absorbance. The appropriate amounts of codoping of the TiO2, ZnO, and MnO2/dolomite as mineralization agents obviously enhanced the properties of the glass-ceramics. Process optimizations further determined reasonable and optimal process parameters. The high strength lightweight glass-ceramics fabricated in this work may be very suitable for various applications including building materials, cooking ceramics, and proppant materials, et al.

scholarly journals Utilization of discarded foundry sand (DFS) and inorganic waste from cellulose and paper industry for the manufacture of glass-ceramic materials

Cerâmica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (380) ◽  
pp. 413-420
Author(s):  
L. M. S. e Silva ◽  
R. S. Magalhães ◽  
W. C. Macedo ◽  
G. T. A. Santos ◽  
A. E. S. Albas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Glass Ceramic Materials

Abstract Recycling has been pointed out as an alternative to the disposal of waste materials in industrial landfills. In the present study, the transformation of residues (discarded foundry sand - DFS, grits, and lime mud) in glass-ceramic materials is shown. The glasses were obtained by the melting/cooling method. The precursor materials, glasses, and glass-ceramics were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and differential scanning calorimetry/thermal gravimetric analysis (DSC/TGA). The glassy materials were milled, pelleted, and thermally treated at the crystallization temperatures given by DSC data to obtain the glass-ceramics (885, 961, and 1090 ºC). The main formed phases were cristobalite, α-wollastonite (parawollastonite), and β-wollastonite (pseudowollastonite). The glass-ceramics showed very low water absorption and apparent porosity (0.26 to 0.88 wt% and 0.66 to 1.77 vol%, respectively). The results confirmed that the studied residues can be used as raw materials for the manufacture of vitreous and glass-ceramic materials.

HIPed Tailored Pyrochlore-Rich Glass-Ceramic Waste Forms for the Immobilization of Nuclear Waste

2008 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody Lyn Carter ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Yingjie Zhang ◽  
Andrew L Gillen ◽  
Eric R Vance
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Chemical Durability ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Waste Forms ◽  
Ceramic Samples

AbstractHot isostatically pressed (HIPed) glass-ceramics for the immobilization of uranium-rich intermediate-level wastes and Hanford K-basin sludges were designed. These were based on pyrochlore-structured Ca(1-x)U(1+y)Ti2O7 in glass, together with minor crystalline phases. Detailed microstructural, diffraction and spectroscopic characterization of selected glass-ceramic samples has been performed, and chemical durability is adequate, as measured by both MCC-1 and PCT-B leach tests.

Structure Characterization of Sintered CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 Glass-Ceramic Reinforced with Spodumene

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 309-314
Author(s):  
Zi Fan Xiao ◽  
Jin Shu Cheng ◽  
Jun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Crystal Size ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
X Ray

A glass-ceramic belonging to the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2(CAS) system with different composition of spodumene and doping the Li2O with amount between 0~2.5 % (mass fraction) were prepared by onestage heat treatment, under sintering and crystallization temperature at 1120 °C for two hours. In this paper, differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and bending strength test were employed to investigate the microstructure and properties of all samples. β-wollastonite crystals were identified as the major crystalline phases, and increasing Li2O was found to be benefit for the crystallization and tiny crystalline phases remelting, resulting in the content of major crystalline phases increased first and then decreased with increasing the expense of spodumene. Meanwhile, the crystal size can be positively related with the content of Li2O. The preferable admixed dosage of spodumene can be obtained, besides the strength of glass-ceramics can be more than 90 MPa.

Study of Glass-Ceramic Waste Forms

1997 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Stefanovsky ◽  
S.V. Ioudintsev ◽  
B.S. Nikonov ◽  
B.I. Omelianenko ◽  
T.N. Lashtchenova
Keyword(s):  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
High Level Waste ◽  
Matrix Glass ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Level ◽  
Similar Unit

ABSTRACTSince the early of the 1990s the method of inductive melting in a cold crucible (IMCC) has been applied at SIA “Radon” for production of various wasteforms, including glasses and Synroc-type ceramics. Sphene-based glass-ceramics composed of glass and crystalline phases were considered as appropriate wasteform for High Level Waste immobilisation. Investigation of two glass-ceramic specimens prepared with the IMCC has been performed using optical microscopy, XRD, SEM/EDS, and TEM methods. The samples produced consist of vitreous and crystalline phases. The vitreous phase consists of two varieties of glass formed by the immiscibility of the initial melt onto two separate liquids. One of the glasses is observed as spherical microinclusions in the matrix glass. The glass of the microspheres are differed from the matrix glass composition by higher contents of Ca, Ti, Ce, Sr, Zr (or Cr), while the matrix glass contains higher amounts of Si, Al, and alkalies. The crystalline phases with sphene- and perrierite-like structures have been also occurred. Their total quantity reaches up to 50 vol.%. The synthetic perrierite has similar unit-cell parameters with its natural mineral analogs with the only exception in two-fold value of c dimension. Zr, Ce, and Sr are incorporated into synthetic sphene and perrierite, while Cs is hosted by the glass phases.

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