Facing a decreasing amount of resources on the one hand and an increasing demand for comfort on the other, more and more attention is being paid to sustainability and care for the environment. Particularly in the automotive sector, lightweight design principles continue to prosper rapidly. As a result, adjusted materials for different applications were developed. Due to the formation of intermetallic phases, most multi-material mixes cannot be welded and require adapted joining technologies. Mechanical joining technologies such as self-piercing riveting and mechanical clinching have proven effective methods of joining lightweight materials like aluminium and ductile steels. New high-strength steels are increasingly used in crash-sections, where limited deformation under impact load is required. These hot stamped steels have a very low elongation at break and therefore a low formability. Currently there is no joining by forming technology without pre-punching available using these grades of steels on die-side. The newly developed shear-clinching process is one possible method of joining this kind of material without additional elements. The fundamental idea of shear-clinching is a single-stage process in which pre-punching of the die-side material is performed by indirect shear-cutting and subsequent forming of the upper layer into this hole. This would immensely enlarge the application segment of mechanical clinching even if hot stamped steels are positioned on die-side. Fundamental studies are required to ensure process reliability and it is necessary to break down the joining process into fragments, like pre-punching and clinching with pre-punched sheet, and superpose them to form the combined procedure shear-clinching. This paper presents a detailed investigation of the sub-process clinching with pre-hole.
Intelligent forming technology: State-of-the-art review and perspectives
