A Global Approach of the Finite Element Simulation of Hot Stamping

2005 ◽  
Vol 6-8 ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hein
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Weight Saving ◽  
Current State ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Boron Steels

The use of quenched boron steel components is an economic way to achieve significant improvements in terms of weight saving and crash performance. The material and process knowledge on the hot stamping of boron steels (e.g. Arcelor’s USIBOR 1500 P®) by the stampers needs to be extended and accurate simulation tools must be developed to support the growth of this forming technology. This paper simultaneously addresses the specific requirements of the hot stamping simulation and the current state of the art in this field. A specific approach is presented for the detection of the process limits within the simulation tool. A software chain has been set up with the target to decrease the computation times.

Measurement and Analysis of Time-Temperature-Transformation Curves of Boron Steel 22MnB5

2010 ◽  
Vol 29-32 ◽  
pp. 484-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lian Fang He ◽  
Guo Qun Zhao ◽  
Hui Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Expansion Method ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
Measurement And Analysis ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Temperature Transformation ◽  
Boron Steels

Hot stamping of quenchable boron steels is a new and complex forming technology integrating metal hot forming and quenching process. In order to gain the Time – Temperature - Transformation (TTT) curves of 22MnB5, the phase-transformation temperatures of boron steel 22MnB5 are measured by DIL 805A/D quenching and deformation dilatometer. According to the expansion curves of phase-transformation at some constant temperatures, the start and finish temperatures of phase-transformation are calculated by using the expansion method and the tangential method. The types of metallographic phases after phase-transformation are judged by the optical microscope and micro hardness. The TTT curves of 22MnB5 are drawn in terms of the results of testing and calculating.

Investigation on tribological characteristics of boron steel 22MnB5–tool steel H13 tribopair at high temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Mu ◽  
Baoyu Wang ◽  
Mingdong Huang ◽  
Jing Zhou ◽  
Xuetao Li
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Boron Steels

In the background that the quenchable boron steels have been widely used to manufacture body-in-white by hot stamping because of its ultra-high strength, the understanding of frictional characteristics of the boron steel–tool steel tribopair at high temperature should be deepened. In this work, the friction behaviors of the tool steel H13 against the boron steel 22MnB5 were investigated at different temperatures, sliding velocities, contact pressures, and lubrication conditions by ring-on-disc sliding testing. The tribological characteristics were analyzed through scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning. The results show the relationship between the friction coefficient and the hot stamping parameters well. The friction coefficient decreases remarkably with the increasing temperature and contact pressure, but sliding velocity has no noticeable influence on the friction coefficient. The wear mechanism also changes with different process parameters and the main mechanism is a combination of adhesive and abrasive wear. Furthermore, MoS2 lubricant can reduce the friction coefficient effectively and protect the die from severe wear.

A Dynamic Model for End Milling Using Single Point Cutting Theory

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Kulkarni ◽  
A. Chandra ◽  
S. S. Jagdale
Keyword(s):  
Process Design ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
End Milling ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Current State ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Force Characteristics ◽  
Hierarchy Of Models

The dynamics of a milling process can significantly influence the surface quality and integrity of the finished part. Accordingly, various researchers have investigated the dynamics of milling processes using a hierarchy of models. Tlusty and Smith (1991) provides a review of these models. In recent years, several other researchers (e.g., Armarego and Deshpande, 1989; Montgomery and Altintas, 1991; Nallakatla and Smith, 1992) have also continued to enhance various aspects of such dynamic models. While these dynamic models provide significant insights into the cutting characteristics of a milling process, their utilization in process design has proven to be elusive. The accuracy of these models, however, depends significantly on the prediction of cutting force characteristics. Under the current state-of-the-art, detailed experimentations using actual set-up are necessary to make such predictions accurately. Experimentally obtained constants can vary widely from one milling situation to another, which in turn, significantly restricts their usefulness as predictive tools for process design.

scholarly journals Performance Comparison of Zn-Based and Al–Si Based Coating on Boron Steel in Hot Stamping

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7043
Author(s):  
Long Chen ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Miao Cao ◽  
Xin Li
Keyword(s):  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Deformation Degree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Die Surface ◽  
Substrate Protection ◽  
Boron Steels ◽  
Better Than

The coatings of boron steels play an important role in affecting the quality of hot stamping parts, so it is important to evaluate the hot stamping performance of coatings before designing processes. Taking the U-type hot stamping part of boron steel as research objects, the surface quality, microstructure and temperature variation of samples with GA (galvannealed), GI (galvanized) and Al–Si coatings were observed and analyzed to evaluate the anti-oxidation, forming and quenching performances of different coatings. The results show that all the GA, GI and Al–Si coatings could provide good oxidation protection and also act as the lubricants for avoiding the friction damage of sample substrates and die-surface. But the different compositions of GA, GI and Al–Si coatings will contribute the different colors. Under the same deformation degree, the Al–Si coating can provide the best substrate protection and the GI coating will induce cracks in the substrate because of the liquid metal-induced embrittlement phenomenon. There is no significant difference between the quenching performances of GA, GI and Al–Si coatings, and the thermal conductivity of the GI coating is slightly better than Al–Si and GA coatings.

scholarly journals A feasibility assessment of multi-modelling approaches for rail decarbonisation systems simulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440972110393
Author(s):  
David Golightly ◽  
Ken Pierce ◽  
Roberto Palacin ◽  
Carl Gamble
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Stakeholder Consultation ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Feasibility Assessment ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Current State ◽  
Heterogeneous Models ◽  
Systems Simulation

Simulation is an important tool to support rail decarbonisation but can be challenging due to heterogeneous models, simulation tools and skill sets, and concerns around intellectual property. Multi-modelling, a proven methodology in sectors such as aerospace and automotive, uses Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) and co-simulation to potentially overcome these problems. This paper presents a feasibility study of multi-modelling for rail decarbonisation, using a combination of audit of current state of the art, technical implementation and stakeholder consultation. The audit showed that while current uptake of FMI in rail is low, there is potential to repurpose models from pre-existing tools and apply them within multi-modelling. The technical feasibility assessment demonstrated how multi-modelling could generate flexible simulation outputs to identify decarbonisation systems effects both for urban and mainline rail, including rapid integration of pre-existing MATLAB Simulink models. Work with industry stakeholders identified use cases where multi-modelling would benefit rail decarbonisation, as well as barriers and enablers to adoption. Overall, the study demonstrates the feasibility and considerations for multi-modelling to support rail decarbonisation efforts, and the future developments necessary for wider rollout.

Investigation on the Numerical Simulation of Hot Stamping of Advanced High Strength Steels

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 2144-2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Min Wang ◽  
Tian Rui Zhou ◽  
Li Juan Wang ◽  
Xiao Ling Yang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
The Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Set Up

Hot stamping represents an innovative manufacturing process for forming of advanced high strength steels, implying a sheet at austenite temperature being rapidly cooled down and formed into a die at the same time (quenching). This affords the opportunity to manufacture components with complex geometric shapes, high strength and a minimum of springback which currently find applications as crash relevant components in the automotive industry. With regard to the numerical modeling of the process, the knowledge of thermal and thermo-mechanical properties of the material is required. The material model under hot stamping condition of advanced high strength steel should be set up. The Finite Element Analysis is an essential precondition for a good process design including all process parameters. This paper presents the finite element simulation of a hot stamping process and describes a number of procedures for the simulation of hot stamping. In addition, the development direction is pointed out at the end of this paper.

scholarly journals A Quick Cycle Time Sensitivity Analysis of Boron Steel Hot Stamping

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borja Fernández ◽  
Beatriz González ◽  
Garikoitz Artola ◽  
Norberto López de Lacalle ◽  
Carlos Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Time ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
Time Sensitivity ◽  
Set Up

Several vehicle platforms involving the hot stamping of manufactured parts are launched every year. Mass production represents a key step in the manufacturing process of an actual hot stamping part. In this step, the cycle time (consisting of cooling time (t1) and handling time (t2) components) must be optimized. During t1, the stamping tool (punch and die) is closed, for cooling of the part. The t2 components (i.e., inlet transfer time, press forming time (closing and opening), and outlet transfer time) define the production output that ensures process performance. However, cost is the main driver in automotive applications. Here, a cycle-time calculation based on the design of experiments (DOE) is proposed for formulating cost-effective formulas. An iterative one-dimensional heat transfer model for each DOE step is set up to simulate 10 hot stamping cycles; the part temperature after quenching in cycle number 10 (where steady conditions are achieved) was selected as the process output variable to be controlled in the DOE. Several DOE variables were considered. The DOE results were employed for the proposal of a simplified formula, which helps in assessing the cycle time with its excellent trade-off between calculation cost and reliability. The formula was validated by laboratory tests.

Flexural Performance of the Heat-Treated Boron Alloyed Steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 909 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
R. Hafsham ◽  
M.S. Salwani ◽  
H. Mas-Ayu ◽  
Rosdi Daud
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Hot Stamping ◽  
Treatment Result ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Flexural Performance ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Boron Steels

Boron alloyed steels, especially 22MnB5, have been the point of focus for the materials choice in hot stamping. Objective of this project is to analyze the effect of heat treatment on its flexural performance. In this paper, five conditions of boron steels are analyzed. Specimens consist of the as-received (A), hot pressed (H) and quenched boron steel (QA,QWR, QWC). Flexural test was conducted to give more evidence on the flexural strength of the boron steel based on their process of heat treatment. Result show that Boron steel 22MnB5 undergone quenching process by using water at room temperature yield highest flexural strain.

Behavioral Genetics: Concepts for Research and Practice in Language Development and Disorders

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1126-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Gilger
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Behavioral Genetics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Behavioral Genetic ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Future Goals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Designs

This paper is an introduction to behavioral genetics for researchers and practioners in language development and disorders. The specific aims are to illustrate some essential concepts and to show how behavioral genetic research can be applied to the language sciences. Past genetic research on language-related traits has tended to focus on simple etiology (i.e., the heritability or familiality of language skills). The current state of the art, however, suggests that great promise lies in addressing more complex questions through behavioral genetic paradigms. In terms of future goals it is suggested that: (a) more behavioral genetic work of all types should be done—including replications and expansions of preliminary studies already in print; (b) work should focus on fine-grained, theory-based phenotypes with research designs that can address complex questions in language development; and (c) work in this area should utilize a variety of samples and methods (e.g., twin and family samples, heritability and segregation analyses, linkage and association tests, etc.).

Schizophrenia Research: Current State of the Art

1976 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 497-498
Author(s):  
STANLEY GRAND
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current State
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