Assessment of Contaminant Fluxes Across the Soil Plant Interface and Below the Rooting Zone

1993 ◽  
pp. 181-183
Author(s):  
E. Matzner
Keyword(s):  
Rooting Zone

Distribution, transformations and recovery of urinary sulphur and sources of plant-available soil sulphur in irrigated pasture soil–plant systems treated with 35sulphur-labelled urine

1994 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Nguyen ◽  
K. M. Goh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Hydriodic Acid ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Pasture Soil ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
S Model

SUMMARYA field plot experiment of 271 days duration was conducted on New Zealand irrigated pastures, commencing in the summer (January) 1988, on a Templeton silt loam soil (Udic Ustochrept) by applying 35sulphur (35S)-labelled urine (250 μCi/g S with 1300 μg S/ml) to field plots (600 × 600 mm) at a rate equivalent to that normally occurring in sheep urine patches (150 ml/0·03 m2) to investigate the distribution, transformations and recovery of urinary S in pasture soil–plant systems and sources of plant-available soil S as influenced by the available soil moisture at the time of urine application and varying amounts of applied irrigation water. Results obtained showed that c. 55–90% of 35S-labelled urine was incorporated into soil sulphate (SO42−), ester SO42− and carbon (C)-bonded S fractions within the major plant rooting zone (0–300 mm), as early as 27 days after urine application. Hydriodic acid (Hl)-reducible and C-bonded soil S fractions showed no consistent trend of incorporation. On day 271, labelled-S was found in soil SO42−, Hl-reducible S and C-bonded S fractions to a soil depth of 500 mm, indicating that not only SO42− but also organic S fractions from soils and 35S-labelled urine were leached beyond the major rooting zone. A large proportion (c. 59–75%) of 35S-labelled urine was not recovered in pasture soil–plant systems over a 271-day period, presumably due to leaching losses beyond the 0–300 mm soil depth. This estimated leaching loss was comparable to that (75%) predicted using the S model developed by the New Zealand Ministry of Agriculture. The recovery of urinary S in soil–plant systems over a 271-day period was not affected by different amounts of irrigation water applied 7 days after urine application to soil at either 50 or 75% available water holding capacity (AWHC). However, significantly lower S recovery occurred when urinary S was applied to the soil at 25% AWHC than at field capacity, suggesting that urinary S applied at field capacity might not have sufficient time to be adsorbed by soil particles, enter soil micropores or be immobilized by soil micro-organisms. Both soil ester SO42− and calcium phosphate-extractable soil S in urine-treated soils were found to be major S sources for pasture S uptake. Labelled S from 35S-labelled urine accounted for c. 12–47% of total S in pasture herbage.

scholarly journals Dampak Dosis Kompos Kotoran Sapi Terhadap Profil Suhu Tanah di Zona Perakaran dan Produktivitas Tanaman Pakcoy (Brassica rafa L)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
I Made Andi Purnama Wijaya ◽  
Yohanes Setiyo ◽  
I Wayan Tika
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Treatment Dose

Suhu tanah adalah salah satu sifat fisik tanah yang secara langsung mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman pakcoy. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) untuk menganalisis suhu di zona perakaran, (2) menganalisis hubungan antara dosis pemupukan mempergunakan kompos dengan suhu di zona perakaran dan (3) untuk menganalis suhu yang optimum untuk produktivitas dan kualitas pakcoy yang dihasilkan saat panen. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan rancangan acak lengkap, dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut adalah P0 : dosis kompos 0 kg/m2, P1 : dosis kompos 1 kg/m2, P2 : dosis kompos 2 kg/m2, P3 : dosis kompos 3 kg/m2, dan P4 : dosis kompos 4 kg/m2. Parameter yang diamati pada penelitian ini adalah suhu udara, suhulingkungan, kadar air tanah dan produktivitas. Padamalam hari suhu tanah di zona perakaran lebih tinggi 0,59 oC dari pada suhu lingkungan. Suhu tanah di zona perakaran terendah dan tertinggi adalah 18,02 oC dan 21,94 oC. Suhu tanah malam hari dan siang hari untuk dosis 0-5kg/m2 masih toleran pada tanaman pacoy. Berat kering tanaman pakcoy tertinggi pada perlakuan dosis kompos 4kg/m2 denganberat 92,21 gram/tanaman dan terendah pada perlakuan kontrol dengan berat 71,82 gram/tanaman.   The temperature of the soil is one of the physical properties of the soil, this soil physical properties direc2tly affect plant growth pakcoy.  The purpose of this research are (1) to analyze the temperature at root zone, temperature inside and out of the mini greenhouse, (2) analyze the relationship between temperature at root zone  with doses of compost fertilizer application and 3) to analyze the optimum dose of compost based on productivity and quality of the pakcoy is generated when the harvest. The design of the research used randomized complete design, with five treatments and three replicates. The treatment is P0: a dose of compost 0 kg/m, P1: a dose of compost 1 kg/m2, P2: a dose of compost 2 kg/m2, P3: the dose of compost 3 kg/m2, and P4: a dose of compost 4 kg/m2. The parameters observed in this research is the air temperature, the temperature of the environment, ground water levels and productivity.  At night the temperature of the soil rooting zone higher at 0.59 ºC than at the temperature of the environment. Soil temperature at root zone the lowest  and the highest  are 18.02 oC and 21.94 oC.  The temperature of the soil the night and during the day for dose 0-5 kg/m2 was still tolerant plants pakcoy. Dry weight of the plant the highest pakcoy on the treatment dose of compost 4 kg/m2  with a weight of 92.21 grams/lowest at the treatment plant and the control by the weight of 71.82 grams/plant.

scholarly journals Transcriptome dynamics of rooting zone and aboveground parts of cuttings during adventitious root formation in Cryptomeria japonica D. Don

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Fukuda ◽  
Tomonori Hirao ◽  
Kentaro Mishima ◽  
Mineko Ohira ◽  
Yuichiro Hiraoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Rooting Zone

Small-scale distribution and salinity response of Juniperus virginiana on an Atlantic Coast barrier island

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Martin ◽  
Donald R. Young
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Barrier Island ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Juniperus Virginiana ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Red Cedar ◽  
Salinity Response

A field and laboratory study examined the hypothesis that the small-scale distribution pattern of Juniperus virginiana on barrier islands is related to salinity patterns and plant responses to salinity. Temporal (May – October) and spatial variability in ground water availability, ground water salinity, and total soil chlorides were quantified across a Virginia barrier island. Groundwater depth and salinity increased throughout the summer; microtopographic position and location on the island also affected soil salinities. Highest salinities occurred near the ocean side beach and bay side marsh, as well as in low lying swales that flood during extreme high tides or storms. Median rooting zone chloride level for J. virginiana was 54 μg/g. In contrast, laboratory germination and growth studies indicated that J. virginiana was significantly affected only at high salinity levels (1000 and 1400 μg/g), suggesting that salinity is not the only factor regulating small-scale distribution patterns. The broad tolerance to salinity may account for the abundance of J. virginiana in coastal environments. Key words: barrier island, eastern red cedar, Juniperus virginiana, salinity response, water relations.

Using spontaneous antibiotic-resistant mutants to assess competitiveness of bradyrhizobial inoculants for nodulation of soybean

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha E Ramirez ◽  
Daniel W Israel ◽  
Arthur G Wollum II
Keyword(s):  
Parental Strain ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Yeast Extract Mannitol ◽  
Soil Media ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Mutants

Spontaneous mutants (3/parental strain) of soybean bradyrhizobia resistant to streptomycin and erythromycin were selected from strains isolated from bradyrhizobial populations indigenous to Cape Fear and Dothan soils. These were used to evaluate (i) the validity of using antibiotic-resistant mutants to make inferences about the competitiveness of parental strains in soil environments and (ii) the recovery of strains in nodules after inoculation of soybeans grown in soils with indigenous bradyrhizobial populations. Streptomycin and erythromycin resistances of all mutants were stable after approximately 27 generations of growth in yeast extract - mannitol medium, but 33% of the mutants lost resistance to erythromycin upon passage through nodules. Only 17% of the mutants were as competitive as their parental strain when inoculated in a ratio near 1:1 in vermiculite. Four of 10 mutants, which differed in competitiveness from their parental strain in vermiculite, had competitiveness against the soil populations equal to that of their parental strain. Therefore, assessment of competitiveness of mutants and parental strains in non-soil media may not accurately reflect their competitiveness in soil systems. For both the Cape Fear and Dothan soils, recovery of a given mutant from nodules of field-grown plants was always lower than from nodules of plants grown in the greenhouse. Inoculation of the entire rooting zone in the greenhouse experiment and of only a portion of the rooting zone in the field experiments may account for this difference in recovery. Techniques that increase the volume of soil inoculated may enhance nodulation by inoculant strains.Key words: Bradyrizobium, antibiotic resistance, competition.

scholarly journals Availability of anions in the growth medium to roots of an actively growing plant.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
H. Van Keulen ◽  
N.G. Seligman ◽  
J. Goudriaan
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Dispersion Coefficient ◽  
Anion Transport ◽  
Root Density ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Low Dispersion

Analysis of anion transport to the root of an actively growing plant with a normally dense root system showed that virtually the whole of the anion store in the rooting zone is available to the plant within a few days at the most. Transport by diffusion only is enough to account for most of the depletion, but mass flow will speed up the process. The effect of mass flow will be considerable in soils with a high dispersion coefficient (loess), but very small in soils with a low dispersion coefficient (clay and sand). A rule is proposed to determine whether a given root density is sufficient to supply the nitrogen and water needs of the plant by diffusion only. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs) Hydrogel: Water Saving Technology for Increasing Agriculture Productivity in Drought Prone Areas: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mohammed Ashraf ◽  
T. Ragavan ◽  
S. Naziya Begam
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
High Water ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Pressure ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymers ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Water Swelling

To improve the soil moisture availability, by reducing the evaporation losses and retaining the moisture in effective rooting zone. The soil application of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) is found to be the promising methodology in drought prone areas. However, very limited research work done in Indian conditions on this aspect. One of such successfully developed product is ‘Pusa hydrogel’ which is first indigenous semi-synthetic superabsorbent technology for conserving water and enhancing crop productivity and thereby increases the water use efficiency. It performs its wetting or drying cycles over a longer period of time, maintaining its very high water swelling and releasing capacity against soil pressure. Consequently evaporation, deep water percolation and nutrient leaching can be avoided. Under rainfed condition, crops can better withstand drought condition without moisture stress by using hydrogel. Systematic field studies under arid and semi-arid conditions of India are needed to develop appropriate dose, frequency and method of application of different polymers to various crops and to assess economics of use of different polymers.

scholarly journals Walker and Syers enter the critical zone: Integrating decadal scale root development with longer term soil development to understand terrestrial nutrient cycling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Hauser ◽  
Jon Chorover ◽  
Charles Cook ◽  
Daniel Markewitz ◽  
Craig Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Development ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Mineral Weathering ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Plant Soil ◽  
Decadal Scale

Most terrestrial nutrient sources are hypothesized to shift in dominance from mineral- to organic matter (OM)-derived over millennia. We investigated how overlaying this hypothesis with plant rooting dynamics that can feedback to soil development offers insight into ecosystem functioning. To test the hypothesis that the nutritional importance of OM as mineral weathering proceeds is mediated by rooting system nutrient economies that vary with vegetation development, we paired litterfall decay experiments with soil mineralogical data from diverse forests across the Critical Zone (CZ) Observatory Network. We demonstrate that sources of phosphorus shift from OM-bound stocks to minerals as the rooting zone expands during the transition from mid to late stages of forest growth. Root-driven, plant-soil feedbacks thus can prompt inconsistencies with soil development models that posit a unidirectional transition from mineral to organic nutrient dominance, and illuminate how forest growth and land use influence nutrient bioavailability in Earth’s CZ.

Survival and Growth of Seedlings of Three Sclerophyll Species at High Levels of Phosphorus and Nitrogen

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
RH Groves ◽  
K Keraitis
Keyword(s):  
Sand Culture ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Rooting Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
High Phosphorus ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Seedlings of Banksia serrata, Acacia suaveolens and Eucalyptus pilularis were grown in sand culture for 3-4 months at four levels of phosphorus (0, 5, 50, and 100 ppm) and three of nitrogen (0, 25 and 250 ppm) applied gradually in all combinations. B.serrata died at high phosphorus-high nitrogen levels, A.suaveolens died with high phosphorus irrespective of the nitrogen level, and E. pilularis did not survive high phosphorus or high nitrogen levels. There were differences between species in their growth responses to increasing levels of phosphorus and nitrogen. Dry weights of seedlings were greatest at P5N25 for B.serrata, at P5N250 for A.suaveolens, and at P5N250 for E.pilularis. Shoot phosphorus concentrations greater than 1% were directly associated with 'toxicity' and death of A.suaveolens seedlings only, and not of the other two species. The species differ in the weights and nutrient contents of their seeds, and this is discussed in relation to the different responses obtained. Growth of sclerophyll species on areas subject to disturbance (e.g. sand-mining) will be determined in large part by the levels of phosphorus and nitrogen applied and the rate at which nutrients are leached from the rooting zone.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document