scholarly journals Theory, the Market and the State: Agricultural Reforms in Post Socialist Uzbekistan Between Economic Incentives and Institutional Obstacles

2016 ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Hansjürgens
Keyword(s):  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The State

Economic Incentives to Reduce Employee Smoking: A Health Insurance Surcharge for Tobacco Using State of Kansas Employees

1989 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Penner
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Health Plan ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The State ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Group Health ◽  
Employee Group ◽  
State Employee

Cigarette smoking has been clearly established as the single most important, preventable cause of morbidity and mortality. Employers are actively working to reduce smoking among current employees, and a growing number will not hire smokers. While most efforts have focused on either 1) helping smokers overcome their habit, or 2) banning or severely limiting worksite smoking, very little has been done to provide strong economic incentives for current employees to give up smoking. This paper reports on the planning and implementation of a $10 per month surcharge added to employee contributions for health insurance for persons employed by the State of Kansas. Family coverage is not affected. Also discussed is a similiar effort in the Colorado state employee group health plan.

scholarly journals Całkowicie prywatna opieka medyczna — próba zarysu

Ekonomia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-195
Author(s):  
Stanisław Wójtowicz ◽  
Kamil Rozynek
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The State ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care

In this paper, we explore what the market for medical services and products could look like if the state completely withdrew from the area of medical care. In section 1, we demonstrate that medical services would be purchased mainly through direct payments and medical insurance. We analyse two models of medical insurance: guaranteed renewable insurance and health-status insurance. Other types of insurance that may emerge on the market are also discussed. In section 2, we exam-ine how the privatisation of the health-care system would affect the prices of medical services. We analyse fundamental problems of the state-run health care and discuss how they contribute to small-er supply and higher prices of medical services. We then describe how the introduction of market mechanisms would allow to solve many of these problems. We argue that internalisation of the costs of medical care in a free market order would create strong economic incentives for individuals to take better care of their health, and we contrast this with the state-run health care in which these costs are externalised. In section 3, we explore how medical services could be obtained by individuals without sufficient funds. In section 4, we discuss how the quality of medical care could be ensured without the help of the state. We argue that competition between service providers would be the main guarantor of quality. We also identify mechanisms that would lead to spontaneous emergence of a system of private medical licencing.

scholarly journals Social partnership as an imperative of socio-economic development of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Nataliіa Spasiv ◽  
Galyna Kulyna ◽  
Nаdiya Lubkey
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The State ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Social Partnership ◽  
Social Dialogue ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Introduction. An important prerequisite for the successful implementation of the social state concept in the country is the effective development of social partnership. Firstly, within the framework of partnership interaction of social subjects the social dialogue is provided, secondly, the social responsibility of business structures and financial institutions is activated, and thirdly, certain social problems and conflicts are leveled. Therefore, the issue of activation of social partnership in Ukraine as an attribute of a developed state and the introduction of an effective mechanism for its development is one of the primary ones, requiring special attention and determination of the ways of solution.Purpose. The goal of the research is to outline the role of social partnership in ensuring the social and economic progress of the state and to outline the practice and problems of its implementation in Ukraine.Methods. Research is based on the dialectical method of scientific knowledge and a systematic approach to the study of the ideology of social partnership and its role in socio-economic development of the state, using the methods of scientific abstractions and analogies, analysis and synthesis.Results. The nature of social partnership is considered and the main arguments and conditions that ensure its existence in the state are defined. The key tasks that are achieved through the effective implementation of the mechanism of partnership interaction in terms of solving a number of social problems and ensuring socio-economic development of the state are highlighted. The index of social development of countries of the world is investigated and the place of Ukraine in the global social space is analyzed. The most important social problems that have arisen in the domestic social sphere and the features of the current system of social partnership have been identified. The necessity of the development of social responsibility in corporate management, social dialogue and the use of economic incentives for the activation of entrepreneurship to ensure the priorities of socio-economic growth of the state has been argued. Prospects. Further research is important to focus on improving the effectiveness of social responsibility management of business as a condition for enhancing its competitiveness and ensuring sustainable development.

Taiwan will rely increasingly on US diplomatic support

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
State Department ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The State ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Military Aircraft ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Latin American Countries

Subject The latest US support for Taiwan. Significance The US State Department on September 24 approved the sale of 330 million dollars' worth of military aircraft parts to Taiwan -- the latest of several moves in Washington this month that increase support for Taiwan. On September 3, a bill was introduced to Congress that allows the State Department to penalise other countries for severing diplomatic relations with Taiwan. On September 7, senior US diplomats were recalled from Latin American countries that had done so. Impacts The US defence department will work more closely with Taiwan’s military to upgrade its capabilities. Despite US disapproval, more of Taiwan’s diplomatic partners will probably switch to China, given the economic incentives. Loss of diplomatic allies could become a major issue in Taiwan's 2020 national elections, to the ruling party's detriment.

FINANCING THE PATRONIZED GOODS IN THE HUMANITARIAN SECTOR OF ECONOMY (Experience of Institutional Research)

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-77
Author(s):  
A. Ya. Rubinshtein
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Efficient Operation ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Tax Benefits

The article presents the rationale for the investment activity of the state, directly aimed at the realization of the society’s interests, as well as for the reform activities, the task of which is to modernize the institutional environment in order to maximally harmonize the interests of society and economic agents. Within the framework of the first direction, an original approach and a corresponding method of determining the volume of public investment to producers of patronized goods in the humanitarian sector are proposed, based on an assessment of the necessary compensation of the deficit in their income, arising as a result of objective economic patterns and social norms, established by the state. Within the framework of the second direction the need for institutional changes is discussed, which pushes the state to reform existing institutions in order to generate additional motivation for expanding the production of patronized goods, as a result of the maximum possible convergence of interests of economic agents and society as a whole. It is about creating economic incentives and generally favorable conditions for attracting to the humanitarian sector, including non-governmental non-profit organizations, as well as commercial organizations that have their own interests, sometimes far from the public goals of increasing human capital. As a general vector of institutional modernization of the conditions of cultural, educational and scientific activities, it was recommended to use institutions of individual budget assignments, tax benefits, marked taxes and endowment funds. The final part of the research is devoted to analyzing the consequences of the “flaw in public choice” – the proclamation of a growing number of journal publications and the peculiarities of institutional modernization of science, including the “journal reform”, as a public interest. It was recommended to develop a Federal program of state support to the scientific journals, ensuring their efficient operation, including paying fees to authors and reviewers, as well as allocating targeted subsidies to university and academic research libraries to pay for subscriptions to major scientific journals. 

From Lash to Red Star: the pitfalls of counter-insurgency in Ethiopia, 1980–82

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebru Tareke
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The State ◽  
The Government ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Military Victory ◽  
Single Counter

By 1980, Ethiopia was gripped in escalating civil wars. After a series of punitive expeditions had failed to suppress them, the government organised large-scale operations in the early 1980s against the insurgencies in the eastern and northern territories. The operations seemed to have been informed by what is called ‘total strategy’. Although the emphasis was on the coercive component, the state also used psychological and economic incentives. The results were mixed. The eastern rebels were defeated more easily because they were factious. The northern campaign failed because of the rebels' staunchness and the terrain's unsuitability. In a cold test of wills, the Eritrean fighters not only held the offensive to a stalemate, but also went on to win total military victory. Same strategy, different outcomes: this suggests that no single counter-insurgency strategy can always have the same results as it is influenced by numerous factors that may vary from one place to another.

scholarly journals Concepts and essential features of environmental land use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Hetmanchyk ◽  
◽  
O. Chumachenko ◽  
I. Kolhanova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The State ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Right

Among the most important problems of socio-economic development of society, special importance belongs to the effective use of land and resources, on which depends the economic, social, environmental security of the state and living standards. Negative trends observed in the process of land use require new organizational and legal approaches to regulating land use and creating economic incentives for rational use and protection of land in Ukraine. In this article the concept and functioning of "land use" as a natural, legal and economic category is considered. The essence and formation of an integrated system of environmental land use, which includes: part of a single land fund (land, land and rights to them), provided by the state or acquired or leased by a separate owner or user, the boundaries of which are determined on the ground; land object of law, object of economic, ecological, town-planning, agricultural and other land relations, for which the land user is issued a document certifying the right to land with certain boundaries, area, composition of lands, property objects and, if necessary, with geodetic coordinates of boundary signs defined in nature and the process of human (society) use of the integrated potential of the natural territory are revealed. The concept and essence of "land-territorial resource" are studied.

scholarly journals PRIORITIES AND DIRECTIONS OF INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT OF EXPORT ACTIVITIES OF UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliia Poliakova ◽  
◽  
Oksana Shaida ◽  
Andriy Stepanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Private Equity ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The State ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Export Strategy ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
State Finance

Prospects for the implementation of the Export Strategy of Ukraine are analysed. Specific features of institutional support of export activities, which are carried out by state institutions and public and non-governmental organizations, are studied. The activity of the State Institution “Export Promotion Office of Ukraine” is examined. The Office is designed to strengthen the export potential of Ukrainian enterprises, promote Ukrainian goods and services abroad, establish cooperation and partnership between domestic and foreign businesses. The paper investigates the work of the institutions aimed at promoting the export activities of domestic enterprises, including the Exporters and Investors Council under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Venture Capital and Private Equity Association, the Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Development Office, the Investment Promotion Office, the State Finance Institution for Innovations, Ukrainian Startup Fund, etc. A set of measures to stimulate domestic exports has been developed. A characteristic of innovation activity in Ukraine is presented and its influence on the formation of export potential is revealed. The priority directions of export stimulation are outlined, which envisage the application of technological platforms by Ukrainian exporters, establishment of a system of institutional support as a complex of interaction for consulting, information, marketing and technical support of exports, use of economic incentives for innovative enterprises.

scholarly journals ТАРГЕТУВАННЯ ОБЛІКОВО-ФІНАНСОВОЇ ВЗАЄМОДІЇ СУБ’ЄКТІВ ГОСПОДАРЮВАННЯ

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Ганна Сергіївна Ліхоносова
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The State ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Situational Assessment ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact

The study is devoted to the interaction of the interests of business entities and the interests of subjects of the corporate environment, as well as determining the possibility of targeting accounting and financial activities in the business environment, taking into account the social constraints associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the article is to study the processes of the possibility of targeting accounting and financial interaction of business entities in various conditions of the development of the business environment. The subject of the research is the accounting and financial interaction of business entities both within the country and abroad in the context of the introduction of various social and behavioral restrictions on doing business. The hypothesis of the study – the definition of specific target categories of accounting and financial interaction of the subjects of state subsidies will provide a specific algorithm for determining the feasibility of implementing some business initiatives and reducing others, precisely in the context of the introduction of social and behavioral restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods used in the study: system analysis, economic and statistical methods, information processing, method of logical generalization of results, expert assessments, etc. Presentation of the main material. The article examines the conditions for targeting accounting and financial interaction of business entities, designed to use the factors of competitiveness that were underutilized in the past period in the business environment. This systematization pursues the goal on the part of the state to introduce a system of economic incentives, changes in macroeconomic parameters (reduction of inflation, emphasis on attracting long-term money to the economy, growth of business activity and private investment, changes in the structure of budget expenditures), and on the part of the state entities themselves – situational assessment their own capabilities and threats, subject to the introduction of social and behavioral restrictions. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the possibility of using the developed recommendations for an independent analysis of the possibility of introducing a target in the field of accounting and financial interaction of business entities in Ukraine. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Targeting accounting and financial interaction of business entities to ensure contractual stability between partners provides for compliance with the regime of floating, but stable relations (depending on the conditions of socio-behavioral restrictions), the fluctuations of which serve as the main buffer against the impact of external shocks on the economy of Ukraine as a whole. Further research will be aimed at determining the feasibility of target procedures in the tax environment and identifying the prospects for the introduction of target tools for targeted interaction with various audiences for administering tax payments

Attitudes towards Entrepreneurship in Singapore: The Role of the State in Cultural Transition

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexius Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
The State ◽  
Cultural Transition ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Entrepreneurial Society

AbstractIn 2001, due to Singapore's low level of entrepreneurship, the state introduced an economic policy known as the Technopreneurship 21 programme. Along with many economic incentives and structural changes, the state has also embarked upon an ideological campaign to create a more pro-entrepreneurial society. This study focuses on examining the attitudes of undergraduates towards entrepreneurship as a means of understanding the Singapore state's ability to 'change' mindsets. It finds that although the respondents still feel that Singapore is currently still un-entrepreneurial, they are very positive for the future. Indeed, the undergraduates even felt that the best way for Singapore to become pro-entrepreneurial was for more state intervention. This paper concludes that because of the capacity and capability of the highly interventionist Singapore government, it is a key agent in the process of cultural transition in Singapore.

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