Protein Misfolding and Aggregation: Implications for Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neurodegeneration

2016 ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthe H. R. Ludtmann ◽  
Andrey Y. Abramov
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Protein Misfolding And Aggregation

scholarly journals The Pah-R261Q mouse reveals oxidative stress associated with amyloid-like hepatic aggregation of mutant phenylalanine hydroxylase

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Aubi ◽  
Karina S. Prestegård ◽  
Kunwar Jung-KC ◽  
Tie-Jun Sten Shi ◽  
Ming Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Advantageous Position ◽  
Protein Misfolding And Aggregation ◽  
Activity Decrease ◽  
Systemic Accumulation ◽  
Altered Lipid

AbstractPhenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by autosomal recessive variants in phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), leading to systemic accumulation of L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) that may reach neurotoxic levels. A homozygous Pah-R261Q mouse, with a highly prevalent misfolding variant in humans, reveals the expected hepatic PAH activity decrease, systemic L-Phe increase, L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan decrease, and tetrahydrobiopterin-responsive hyperphenylalaninemia. Pah-R261Q mice also present unexpected traits, including altered lipid metabolism, reduction of liver tetrahydrobiopterin content, and a metabolic profile indicative of oxidative stress. Pah-R261Q hepatic tissue exhibits large ubiquitin-positive, amyloid-like oligomeric aggregates of mutant PAH that colocalize with selective autophagy markers. Together, these findings reveal that PKU, customarily considered a loss-of-function disorder, can also have toxic gain-of-function contribution from protein misfolding and aggregation. The proteostasis defect and concomitant oxidative stress may explain the prevalence of comorbid conditions in adult PKU patients, placing this mouse model in an advantageous position for the discovery of mutation-specific biomarkers and therapies.

scholarly journals Investigating the Disordered and Membrane-Active Peptide A-Cage-C Using Conformational Ensembles

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3607
Author(s):  
Olena Dobrovolska ◽  
Øyvind Strømland ◽  
Ørjan Sele Handegård ◽  
Martin Jakubec ◽  
Morten L. Govasli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Conformational Space ◽  
Supported Bilayers ◽  
Conformational Ensembles ◽  
Protein Membrane ◽  
Chimeric Polypeptide ◽  
Protein Misfolding And Aggregation ◽  
In Silico Analyses

The driving forces and conformational pathways leading to amphitropic protein-membrane binding and in some cases also to protein misfolding and aggregation is the subject of intensive research. In this study, a chimeric polypeptide, A-Cage-C, derived from α-Lactalbumin is investigated with the aim of elucidating conformational changes promoting interaction with bilayers. From previous studies, it is known that A-Cage-C causes membrane leakages associated with the sporadic formation of amorphous aggregates on solid-supported bilayers. Here we express and purify double-labelled A-Cage-C and prepare partially deuterated bicelles as a membrane mimicking system. We investigate A-Cage-C in the presence and absence of these bicelles at non-binding (pH 7.0) and binding (pH 4.5) conditions. Using in silico analyses, NMR, conformational clustering, and Molecular Dynamics, we provide tentative insights into the conformations of bound and unbound A-Cage-C. The conformation of each state is dynamic and samples a large amount of overlapping conformational space. We identify one of the clusters as likely representing the binding conformation and conclude tentatively that the unfolding around the central W23 segment and its reorientation may be necessary for full intercalation at binding conditions (pH 4.5). We also see evidence for an overall elongation of A-Cage-C in the presence of model bilayers.

scholarly journals The Non-Protein Amino Acid BMAA Is Misincorporated into Human Proteins in Place of l-Serine Causing Protein Misfolding and Aggregation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e75376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachael Anne Dunlop ◽  
Paul Alan Cox ◽  
Sandra Anne Banack ◽  
Kenneth John Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Human Proteins ◽  
Protein Misfolding And Aggregation

Glutamine repeats: structural hypotheses and neurodegeneration

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 548-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Masino ◽  
A. Pastore
Keyword(s):  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Trinucleotide Repeats ◽  
Intranuclear Inclusions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cag Trinucleotide Repeats ◽  
Protein Misfolding And Aggregation ◽  
Polyglutamine Protein ◽  
Molecular Bases ◽  
Protein Models

A growing number of neurodegenerative diseases are caused by expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeats coding for polyglutamine. The presence of intranuclear inclusions in the affected neuronal cells has suggested a mechanism for pathogenesis based on protein misfolding and aggregation. Detailed understanding of these phenomena is therefore crucial in order to rationalize different phases of the diseases. In the past decade, a few studies have focused on the structural properties of polyglutamine and on the molecular bases of the aggregation process. Most of these studies have been performed on polyglutamine peptides and protein models. Only one report is currently available on the characterization of a full-length polyglutamine protein. The structural hypotheses resulting from these studies are reviewed here.

Amyloidosis

2013 ◽  
pp. 1397-1409
Author(s):  
Philip N. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Solid Organ Transplantation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Amyloid Deposits ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
And Function ◽  
Protein Misfolding And Aggregation ◽  
The Brain

Amyloidosis is a disorder of protein folding in which normally soluble proteins are deposited in the interstitial space as insoluble and remarkably stable fibrils that progressively disrupt tissue structure and function of organs throughout the body. Protein misfolding and aggregation have increasingly been recognized in the pathogenesis of various other diseases, but amyloidosis—the disease directly caused by extracellular amyloid deposition—is a precise term with critical implications for patients with a specific group of life-threatening disorders. Amyloidosis may be acquired or hereditary and the pattern of organ involvement varies within and between types, though clinical phenotypes overlap greatly. Virtually any tissue other than the brain may be directly involved. Although histology remains the diagnostic gold standard, developments in scintigraphy and MRI technology often produce pathognomonic findings. Systemic amyloidosis is usually fatal, but the prognosis has improved as the result of increasingly effective treatments for many of the conditions that underlie it, notably the use of biologic anti-inflammatory agents in patients with AA amyloidosis and new immunomodulatory agents in patients with AL type. Better supportive care, including dialysis and solid organ transplantation, have also influenced the prognosis favourably. A range of specific novel therapies are currently in clinical development, including RNA inhibitors that suppress production of amyloid precursor proteins, drugs that promote their normal soluble conformation in the plasma, and immunotherapy approaches that directly target the amyloid deposits.

scholarly journals Biophysical studies of protein misfolding and aggregation in in vivo models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Sinnige ◽  
Karen Stroobants ◽  
Christopher M. Dobson ◽  
Michele Vendruscolo
Keyword(s):  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Disease Modifying Drugs ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Protein Misfolding And Aggregation

Abstract Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD), are characterised by the formation of aberrant assemblies of misfolded proteins. The discovery of disease-modifying drugs for these disorders is challenging, in part because we still have a limited understanding of their molecular origins. In this review, we discuss how biophysical approaches can help explain the formation of the aberrant conformational states of proteins whose neurotoxic effects underlie these diseases. We discuss in particular models based on the transgenic expression of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau in AD, and α-synuclein in PD. Because biophysical methods have enabled an accurate quantification and a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying protein misfolding and aggregation in vitro, we expect that the further development of these methods to probe directly the corresponding mechanisms in vivo will open effective routes for diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals Exploring the Multi-Target Performance of Mitochondriotropic Antioxidants against the Pivotal Alzheimer’s Disease Pathophysiological Hallmarks

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Benfeito ◽  
Carlos Fernandes ◽  
Santiago Vilar ◽  
Fernando Remião ◽  
Eugenio Uriarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
New Chemical Entities ◽  
Brain Neurotransmitter ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
Target Performance ◽  
Protein Misfolding And Aggregation ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease featuring progressive and degenerative neurological impairments resulting in memory loss and cognitive decline. The specific mechanisms underlying AD are still poorly understood, but it is suggested that a deficiency in the brain neurotransmitter acetylcholine, the deposition of insoluble aggregates of fibrillar β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ42), and iron and glutamate accumulation play an important role in the disease progress. Despite the existence of approved cholinergic drugs, none of them demonstrated effectiveness in modifying disease progression. Accordingly, the development of new chemical entities acting on more than one target is attracting progressively more attention as they can tackle intricate network targets and modulate their effects. Within this endeavor, a series of mitochondriotropic antioxidants inspired on hydroxycinnamic (HCA’s) scaffold were synthesized, screened toward cholinesterases and evaluated as neuroprotectors in a differentiated human SH-SY5Y cell line. From the series, compounds 7 and 11 with a 10-carbon chain can be viewed as multi-target leads for the treatment of AD, as they act as dual and bifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors and prevent the neuronal damage caused by diverse aggressors related to protein misfolding and aggregation, iron accumulation and excitotoxicity.

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