From the City to the Dacha: Socio-cultural Factors Behind the Creation of St. Petersburg’s Dacha Belt (Russia, Nineteenth/Early Twentieth Century)

2016 ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Olga Malinova-Tziafeta
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City

Incentivizing Safety and Discrimination: Employment Risks under Workmen’s Compensation in the Early Twentieth Century United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-67
Author(s):  
Nate Holdren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Employment Discrimination ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Workplace Accidents ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Workmen's Compensation

This article takes criticisms of employment discrimination in the aftermath of the creation of workmen’s compensation legislation as a point of entry for arguing that compensation laws created new incentives for employment discrimination. Compensation laws turned the costs of employees’ workplace accidents into a risk that many employers sought to manage by screening job applicants in a manner analogous to how insurance companies screened policy applicants. While numerous critics blamed insurers for discrimination, I argue that the problem was lack of insurance. The less that companies pooled their compensation risks via insurance, the greater the incentives for employers to stop employing people they would have previously been willing to hire.

Landscape of Profits

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel St. John
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Capitalist Economy ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Rail Line ◽  
International Boundary ◽  
The Creation

This chapter describes how ranchers, miners, investors, laborers, railroad executives, and innumerable economic actors integrated the border into an emerging transnational economy and began to create binational communities on the boundary line. With the completion of the first transborder rail line—brought on by the joining of the Sonora Railway and the Arizona and New Mexico Railroad at the international boundary line—ranchers and miners secured an easy way to move stock and ore to markets. As more people realized this, the borderlands experienced nothing short of a capitalist revolution. The capitalist development of the borderlands would, in turn, spur the creation of an array of new transborder ties. By the early twentieth century, the border has become a point of connection and community in the midst of an emerging capitalist economy and the center of a transborder landscape of property and profits.

Valle-Inclán, Ramón María Del (1866–1936)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Sprinceana
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Spanish American War ◽  
Generation Of 1898 ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Colonial Empire ◽  
Major Figure ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ramon Del Valle Inclan ◽  
European Civilization

The Spanish dramatist, novelist, and poet Ramón del Valle-Inclán was a major figure of the Generation of 1898, a group of writers that reinvigorated Spanish letters in the wake of the Spanish-American War of 1898, which marked the end of Spain’s colonial empire. Valle-Inclán was one of the most radical dramatists of the early twentieth century and worked to subvert the traditionalism of Spanish drama. Influenced by French modernism and Symbolism, he later moved to more experimental styles and is known for the creation of the ‘esperento,’ an absurd and grotesquely satirical mix of comedy and tragedy. This style expresses the tragic meaning of Spanish life, which Valle considered to be a ‘grotesque deformation’ of European civilization. He held several administrative and teaching appointments, which allowed him to dedicate his life to writing while providing for his wife and five children.

“A Season in Hell”

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Rees
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Women Travelers ◽  
The City ◽  
Travel Accounts

Australian women travelers in early twentieth-century New York often recoiled from the frenetic pace of the city, which surpassed anything encountered in either Britain or Australia. This article employs their travel accounts to lend support to the growing recognition that modernity took different forms throughout the world and to contribute to the project of mapping those differences. I argue that “hustle” was a defining feature of the New York modern, comparatively little evident in Australia, and I propose that the southern continent had developed a model of modern life that privileged pleasure-seeking above productivity. At a deeper level, this line of thinking suggests that modernization should not be conflated with the relentless acceleration of daily life; it thus complicates the ingrained assumption that speed and modernity go hand-in-hand.

Volksconcerte in Vienna and Late Nineteenth-Century Ideology of the Symphony

1997 ◽  
Vol 50 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 421-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Notley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The People ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The City

Late nineteenth-century journalistic criticism in Vienna offers many precedents for Paul Bekker's interpretation of the symphony. Beethoven's symphonies provided the model for an aesthetics of the genre-couched in metaphors connecting it to "the people"-that motivated the reception of works by Brahms and Bruckner. Activists who wished to inaugurate symphonic Volksconcerte in the city took the figurative utopian function of the genre literally. Though their efforts were confounded not only by institutionalized elitism but also by the preferences of the Viennese Volk for other kinds of music, their work bore fruit in the early twentieth century with the founding of the Wiener Konzertverein and the Arbeiter-Symphonie-Konzerte.

The Evolution of Japanese Colonialism

1959 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyman Kublin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Japanese Colonialism ◽  
Colonial Policy ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Colonial Government

Reflecting upon the career in the colonial government of Formosa that was to win him world-wide fame in the early twentieth century, Baron Shimpei Goto once remarked that “Japan had made no preparations whatever for the administration of the island at the time of its acquisition”. Underscoring this neglect, he added, was “the fact that, in the case of other nations confronted by a similar occasion, elaborate schemes are generally formulated to meet contingencies connected with the occupation of a new territory”. One may wonder whether the Baron included among the “elaborate schemers” the “absent-minded” builders of the British Empire.It does not matter whether Baron Goto was aware of the complex historical processes, of the actions and accidents, involved in the creation of great empires. It is not even important whether he really believed that the colonial programs of the imperial powers were, like the war plans carefully devised by army general staffs, drawn from secret files as occasions demanded. Goto was primarily interested in the formulation and implementation of a colonial policy for Japan. His observation on his government's lack of preparedness to assume control and direction of Formosan affairs should thus be taken not simply as a confession and condemnation but rather as a statement of purpose.

The Bench, the Bar, and Crown Cases Reserved

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
Allyson N. May
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Judicial Procedure

The three articles published in this forum address an aspect of judicial procedure which has, understandably, been shrouded in mystery. Until 1848, the process of judicial review of Crown cases remained informal and the records of that review are terse and elliptical. Teasing out their meaning and their implications for lawmaking is thus no easy task. And while the process was formalized and made public with the creation of the Court of Crown Cases Reserved (CCCR) in 1848, the activities of this court have not attracted sustained attention from legal historians. These articles are therefore to be commended for advancing our understanding of the operation of judicial review in criminal cases prior to the establishment of the Court of Criminal Appeal in the early twentieth century.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF MIGRATION PROCESSES ON THE FORMATION OF THE URBAN OBJECT STRUCTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
Ivan Vysochyn ◽  
Serhii Borodai ◽  
Dmytro Borodai ◽  
Serhii Galushka ◽  
Artem Borodai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
General Network ◽  
Production Relations ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
The City

In the article was found that the planned location of new or expansion of existing production clearly coincided with the movement of certain segments of the population to these regions for employment, examining and analyzing the problems of migration of the population of the former USSR. The researches of the Russian town-planners Bocharov Y.P.,       Belousov V.M., Vladimirov V.V., Maloyan G.A., Lezhava I.G. and other are devoted the problems of development of the theory of settlement with loss of planning component in development of systems of settlement and general plans of cities in new market (social and economic) conditions. Leading domestic urban planners have devoted their research to the problems of the development of the theory of settlement in Ukraine, the system of settlement and the development of master plans in modern market conditions (1992-2014). Some of them are Filvarov G.K., Yezhov V.I.,   Demin M.M., Lavrik G.I., Repin V.M., Timokhin V.O., Shkodovsky Y.M., Rudnitsky A .М. and other. The article presents the stages of formation of production relations, social, economic, architectural and spatial evolution under the pressure of migration processes, based on the analysis and research: The formation of the labor market (places of employment) in the development of industry, transport links and resettlement (early nineteenth - early twentieth century). Urbanization of cities in the early twentieth century due to migrations (free labor) from near and far agglomerations. Urbanization of the late twentieth century due to the release of labor (the collapse of the collective and state farm system). Under the pressure of migration and transport processes the compositional and planning spatial structure of the city is determined by the following aspects: the hierarchy of the city in the general network of settlements; the level of the city's public transport network; mobility of city residents; location of attractive objects for migrants in the city planning structure; socio-demographic characteristics of residents. Territories of cities with developed production are becoming the poles of industrial industry with the latest technologies, as well as centers of business.

scholarly journals Educar ou instruir? Narrativas anarcossindicalistas nos primeiros anos da República Portuguesa: Revista Lumen (Lisboa, 1911-1913)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Barreira
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social History ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Press ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Siglo Xx

Este artigo focaliza as ações de um grupo de intelectuais portugueses no início do século XX que se apresentava como anarcossindicalista. Autodenominado Grupo Lumen, suas ações visavam à formação do ser social. Dentre tais ações, o texto destaca a criação de uma revista, intitulada Lumen, por meio da qual o Grupo publicou suas teses sobre o educar e o instruir, tendo como referência as experiências da Escola Oficina Nº 1 de Lisboa e da Escola Moderna de Ferrer y Guardia, em Barcelona. A perspectiva de análise adotada pelo autor situa a imprensa no terreno da história social, no âmbito do qual ela é concebida como um conjunto de práticas constitutivas do social. Por meio da imprensa, o Grupo Lumen propôs um programa de instrução laica, científica e livre como condição necessária à criação de uma sociedade ácrata.Palavras-chave: Anarcossindicalismo, Formação libertária, Revista Lumen. Portugal. AbstractThis article focuses on the actions of a group of Portuguese intellectuals in the early twentieth century who presented itself as anarcho-syndicalist. Calling itself Lumen Group, its actions aimed at the formation of the human being. Among such actions, the text highlights the creation of a magazine, entitled Lumen, through which the Group published its thesis on educating and instructing, choosing as a reference the experiences of the Escola Oficina Nº 1 of Lisbon and the Escola Moderna, directed by Ferrer y Guardia, in Barcelona. The analytical perspective adopted by the author puts the press in the field of social history, under which it is conceived as a set of constitutive social practices. Through the press, the Lumen Group proposed a secular, scientific and free education program as a necessary component to create a self-governed (stateless) society.Keywords: Anarcho-syndicalism, Libertarian formation, Lumen Magazine. Portugal.ResumenEste artículo se centra en las acciones de un grupo de intelectuales portugueses a principios del siglo XX que se presentaba como anarcosindicalista. Autodenominado Grupo Lumen, sus acciones apunta a la formación del ser social. Entre estas acciones, el texto destaca la creación de una revista, titulada Lumen, por medio de la cual el Grupo publicó sus tesis sobre el educar y el instruir, eligiendo como referencia las experiencias de la Escuela Oficina Nº 1 de Lisboa y de la Escuela Moderna de Ferrer y Guardia, en Barcelona. La perspectiva de análisis adoptada por el autor sitúa a la prensa en el terreno de la historia social, en el marco del cual ella es concebida como un conjunto de prácticas constitutivas de lo social. A través de la prensa, el Grupo Lumen propuso un programa de instrucción laica, científica y libre como condición necesaria a la construcción de una sociedad ácrata.Palabras clave: Anarcosindicalismo; Formación libertaria, Revista Lumen. Portugal.

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