The Impact of Social Factors on Excess Winter Mortality in Denmark

2006 ◽  
pp. 125-168
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Comparing the Impact of Religious Discourse on HIV/AIDS in Islam and Christianity in Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sloane Speakman
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Islam And Christianity ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact

In examining the strikingly high prevalence rates of HIV in many parts of Africa, reaching as high as 5% in some areas, how does the discourse promoted by the predominant religions across the continent, Islam and Christianity, affect the outlook of their followers on the epidemic? This question becomes even more intriguing after discovering the dramatic difference in rate of HIV prevalence between Muslims and Christians in Africa, confirmed by studies that have found a negative relationship to exist between HIV prevalence and being Muslim in Africa, even in Sub-Saharan African nations. Why does this gap in prevalence rates exist? Does Islam advocate participating in less risky behavior more so than Christianity? By comparing the social construction, epidemiological understanding and public responses among Muslim populations in Africa with Christian ones, it becomes apparent that many similarities exist between the two regarding discourse and that, rather than religious discourse itself, other social factors, such as circumcision practices, contribute more to the disparity in HIV prevalence than originally thought.

A syndemics approach to exercise is medicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 136345932110214
Author(s):  
Caitlin Vitosky Clarke ◽  
Brynn C Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
The Social ◽  
Exercise Promotion ◽  
The Impact

This paper offers new insights into the promotion of the Exercise is Medicine (EIM) framework for mental illness and chronic disease. Utilising the Syndemics Framework, which posits mental health conditions as corollaries of social conditions, we argue that medicalized exercise promotion paradigms both ignore the social conditions that can contribute to mental illness and can contribute to mental illness via discrimination and worsening self-concept based on disability. We first address the ways in which the current EIM framework may be too narrow in scope in considering the impact of social factors as determinants of health. We then consider how this narrow scope in combination with the emphasis on independence and individual prescriptions may serve to reinforce stigma and shame associated with both chronic disease and mental illness. We draw on examples from two distinct research projects, one on exercise interventions for depression and one on exercise interventions for multiple sclerosis (MS), in order to consider ways to improve the approach to exercise promotion for these and other, related populations.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Street-View Greenery on Fear of Neighborhood Crime in Guangzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Fengrui Jing ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Suhong Zhou ◽  
Jiangyu Song ◽  
Linsen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Street View ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physical Incivilities

Previous literature has examined the relationship between the amount of green space and perceived safety in urban areas, but little is known about the effect of street-view neighborhood greenery on perceived neighborhood safety. Using a deep learning approach, we derived greenery from a massive set of street view images in central Guangzhou. We further tested the relationships and mechanisms between street-view greenery and fear of crime in the neighborhood. Results demonstrated that a higher level of neighborhood street-view greenery was associated with a lower fear of crime, and its relationship was mediated by perceived physical incivilities. While increasing street greenery of the micro-environment may reduce fear of crime, this paper also suggests that social factors should be considered when designing ameliorative programs.

scholarly journals A mixed methods study to evaluate the impact of a student-run clinic on undergraduate medical education

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan G. Rockey ◽  
Taylor M. Weiskittel ◽  
Katharine E. Linder ◽  
Jennifer L. Ridgeway ◽  
Mark L. Wieland
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Healthcare Access ◽  
Community Services ◽  
Student Understanding ◽  
Learning Objectives ◽  
Barriers To Healthcare ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Barriers To Healthcare Access

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which a longitudinal student-run clinic (SRC) is meeting its stated learning objectives, including providing critical community services and developing physicians who more fully appreciate the social factors affecting their patients’ health. Methods This was a mixed methods program evaluation of an SRC at Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine (MCASOM). A survey was conducted of medical students who had participated in the clinic and seven interviews and three focus groups were conducted with SRC patients, students, faculty, staff, and board members. Transcripts were coded for systematic themes and sub-themes. Major themes were reported. Survey and interview data were integrated by comparing findings and discussing areas of convergence or divergence in order to more fully understand program success and potential areas for improvement. Results Greater than 85% of student survey respondents (N = 90) agreed or strongly agreed that the SRC met each of its objectives: to provide a vital community service, to explore social determinants of health (SDH), to understand barriers to healthcare access and to practice patience-centered examination. Qualitative data revealed that the SRC contextualized authentic patient care experiences early in students’ medical school careers, but the depth of learning was variable between students. Furthermore, exposure to SDH through the program did not necessarily translate to student understanding of the impact of these social factors on patient’s health nor did it clearly influence students’ future practice goals. Conclusions The MCASOM SRC experience met core learning objectives, but opportunities to improve long-term impact on students were identified. Participation in the SRC enabled students to engage in patient care early in training that is representative of future practices. SRCs are an avenue by which students can gain exposure to real-world applications of SDH and barriers to healthcare access, but additional focus on faculty development and intentional reflection may be needed to translate this exposure to actionable student understanding of social factors that impact patient care.

scholarly journals Spanish communication academia: Scientific productivity vs. Social activity

Comunicar ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (41) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Casanueva-Rocha ◽  
Francisco-Javier Caro-González
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Scientific Productivity ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
International Scope ◽  
The Social ◽  
La Red ◽  
The Impact

At a time when academic activity in the area of communication is principally assessed by the impact of scientific journals, the scientific media and the scientific productivity of researchers, the question arises as to whether social factors condition scientific activity as much as these objective elements. This investigation analyzes the influence of scientific productivity and social activity in the area of communication. We identify a social network of researchers from a compilation of doctoral theses in communication and calculate the scientific production of 180 of the most active researchers who sit on doctoral committees. Social network analysis is then used to study the relations that are formed on these doctoral thesis committees. The results suggest that social factors, rather than individual scientific productivity, positively influence such a key academic and scientific activity as the award of doctoral degrees. Our conclusions point to a disconnection between scientific productivity and the international scope of researchers and their role in the social network. Nevertheless, the consequences of this situation are tempered by the nonhierarchical structure of relations between communication scientists. En un momento en que la actividad académica en el ámbito de la comunicación se valora principalmente por el impacto de las revistas y los medios de comunicación científica y por la productividad de los investigadores, surge la cuestión de si los factores sociales pueden condicionar la actividad científica con la misma fuerza que estos elementos objetivos. Esta investigación analiza la influencia de la productividad científica y de la actividad social en el ámbito de la comunicación. Se ha identificado la red social de los investigadores de comunicación a partir de las tesis doctorales. Para los 180 investigadores más activos en los tribunales de tesis se ha calculado su producción científica. Se utiliza el análisis de redes sociales para estudiar las relaciones que se producen en los tribunales de tesis doctorales. Los resultados muestran que los factores sociales influyen positivamente en una actividad académica y científica tan relevante como la obtención del grado de doctor, mientras que la productividad científica individual no lo hace. Como conclusiones cabe señalar que existe una desconexión entre la productividad científica y la proyección internacional de los investigadores y su papel en la red social. Las implicaciones de este hecho están matizadas por una estructura no jerarquizada de las relaciones entre los científicos de comunicación.

Social factors of the labor activity efficiency: nature and development trends

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Vladyslav O. Studenets
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Logical Sequence ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Motivational Mechanism ◽  
Labor Remuneration ◽  
The Impact

The arguments and counterarguments in the boundaries of scientific discussion on monitoring the motivational mechanism of securing the labor activity efficiency are generalized. It is related to the fact that the most essential transformations are seen in the social and labor spheres in conditions of market development. The paper aims to define the social factors in the efficiency of labor activity of workers. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem of studying the social factors of labor efficiency leads to the conclusion that Ukrainian and foreign scientists have studied the effectiveness of labor activity and the impact of social factors on its increase, but in modern conditions, there is a need for critical analysis at enterprises of various types of economic activity in Ukraine. The study of this issue was carried out in the following logical sequence: determination of results, formation of the main tasks, directions of research of labor remuneration and its structure, determination of tendencies of ensuring the labor activity efficiency. The methodological tools of the study include the system of economic laws, concepts, and categories, the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory and applied economics, statistics. The general methodological basis of the research consists of an abstract-logical complex approach and methods of statistical analysis. The indicators of labor remuneration, the minimum wages, and structures of the wage fund constitute the object of the research because they are the social factors to ensure the efficiency of labor activity. The article examines the indicators of wages, their structure, as well as the impact on ensuring the efficiency of employees. The regional peculiarities in the structure of remuneration are studied and the specific weight of the additional remuneration fund is ranked. The directions of increasing the efficiency of labor activity by strengthening the influence of social factors are offered.

scholarly journals Economic Factors of the Intensifying the Migration Process

2018 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Migration Process ◽  
Demand Structure ◽  
Market Economic ◽  
Migration Potential ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Migration Theories ◽  
The Impact

The factors influencing the intensification of the migration process have been considered since the appearance of the first migration theories. These factors determine both the potential migration opportunities and the actual conditions for the implementation of the migration process. Among the main factors that determine the intensity of the migration process, basic are the factors formed by the labor market (economic factors). Despite a number of migration theories that consider other factors, such as the demand structure, psychological and social factors, we determine the impact of precisely the economic factors (factors formed in the labor market) as the most significant. In today’s world, when determining the intensity and main directions of migration, the economic factors are taken into account by the majority of migrants. At the same time, indirect factors play an important role in the analysis of the migration process. Indirect factors, determining the basic conditions for the intensification of the migration process, form the potential for migration. Potential migration opportunities form an environment that determines the potential number of migrants. Indirect factors include not only the parameters of the development of the national economy as a whole, but also the parameters of the development of individual regions or territories that form the migration attractiveness of these regions.

scholarly journals MACROECONOMIC STABILITY AND SOCIAL PROGRESS IN THE EU MEMBER STATES AND UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Lyulyov
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Integral Index ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Human Capital Index ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

The main purpose of the study is the role and influence of social factors on macroeconomic stability. The research is based on the hypothesis that countries with greater macroeconomic stability achieve greater social progress. The integrated index of human capital is proposed as a target for the construction of an appropriate system for monitoring social progress, and in the future – identifying the impact on macroeconomic stability. The main stages of estimating the integral index of human capital are: identification of relevant indicators that will form each of the sub-indices; filtering the selected indicators in the previous stage based on the analysis of the correlation matrix of each of the subindices; normalization of indicators in each of the subindices, calculation of the integral index for each of the subindices, calculation of the final integral index of human capital. The calculations of the integrated capital human capital index for some of the EU countries (Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Croatia, Romania) and Ukraine for the period 2000–2015 allowed us to conclude that Romania and Ukraine were on a marginal level of social progress, while Lithuania, Poland and Croatia in the range of moderate level. The use of the OLS (the least squares) method to determine the significance of changes in social progress to macroeconomic stability has revealed a positive and statistically significant impact of social progress on macroeconomic stability.

scholarly journals Environmental attitudes and behaviors among secondary students in Hong Kong

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Jackson ◽  
Ming Fai Pang ◽  
Emma Brown ◽  
Sean Cain ◽  
Caroline Dingle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
International Schools ◽  
School Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Although researchers have identified correlations between specific attitudes and particular behaviors in the pro-environmental domain, the general relationship between young people’s development of environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors is not well understood. Past research indicates that geographic context can play a role, while social factors such as age and gender can have a more significant impact on predicting attitudes and behaviors than formal education. Few studies have systematically examined the relationships between education and environmental attitudes and behaviors among youth in Hong Kong. The purpose of this paper is to report the findings of a study comparing secondary school students’ environmental attitudes and behaviors with age and related factors in two international schools and two government schools in Hong Kong. Students’ attitudes and behaviors were compared based on school type (curriculum), while the authors additionally compared the significance of social factors and attitudes on students’ behaviors. Design/methodology/approach – Attitudes were measured using the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) and the NEP for Children (NEPC), the most commonly used, internationally standardized tools for investigating environmental attitudes and values of adults and young people for comparative purposes. The authors compared NEP/NEPC scores and student self-reported environmental behaviors using a short questionnaire. Findings – No significant differences were found in attitudes or behaviors based on school type. However the authors did observe a significant effect of gender and age on students’ attitudes, and a significant correlation of student attitudes in the NEP with students’ self-reports regarding air conditioning consumption. Originality/value – This study builds a foundation for cross-national studies and for evaluating the impact of curricula over time.

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