Morphological Basis of Gastrointestinal Motility: Structure and Innervation of Gastrointestinal Tract

1982 ◽  
pp. 7-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Baumgarten
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Morphological Basis

scholarly journals Involvement of gut microbiota in the association between gastrointestinal motility and 5-HT expression/M2 macrophage abundance in the gastrointestinal tract

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 3482-3488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Yang ◽  
Hirokazu Fukui ◽  
Hirotsugu Eda ◽  
Yoshitaka Kitayama ◽  
Ken Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
M2 Macrophage

Novel telemetric system for extraluminal measurement of gastrointestinal motility

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Shearin ◽  
C. J. Pfeiffer ◽  
S. Kilam
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Motility Pattern ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Meat Meal ◽  
Telemetric System ◽  
Small Intestinal

A frequency-modulated, telemetric system with a transducer sensitive to variation in distance between two points was developed and used to measure in vivo small intestinal motor function in unanesthetized dogs. The construction of the system and one application of it to the study of gastrointestinal motility is described. Data were recorded after fasting, 1 h after feeding a standardized meat meal, and after intravenous injections of pentagastrin. A significant increase in motility was seen after pentagastrin injections and feeding as compared to the motility pattern seen in a fasting animal, and the telemetric system was proven adequate for in vivo measurement of motility of the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals The effects of pectin and wheat bran on the distribution of a meal in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Brown ◽  
A. Greenburgh ◽  
J. Tomlin
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Insoluble Fibre ◽  
Bean Meal

The effects of wheat bran and pectin on the gastrointestinal distribution of a radiolabelled, homogenized baked-bean meal were investigated in the rat. These fibres were chosen because of their very different physical characteristics; wheat bran is a coarse, particulate, mainly insoluble fibre whilst pectin is a soluble viscous polysaccharide. Sixty male rats were administered orally with control or test meals and five from each group were killed after 50, 100, 200 and 300 min. The gut was removed and the distribution of the meal established scintigraphically. Addition of the fibres altered the distribution of the meal with faster accumulation at the distal and caecal areas. Wheat bran delayed gastric emptying whilst pectin promoted gastric emptying and had a pronounced effect on increasing the distal accumulation of the meal. These alterations in the distribution of a homogenized baked bean meal show that dietary fibres with different physical characteristics may alter gastrointestinal motility in different ways and these differences may have implications for meal absorption and clinical treatments of gastrointestinal disorders.

Rhythmic oscillating complexes in gastrointestinal tract of chickens: a role for motilin

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (4) ◽  
pp. G916-G922 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rodriguez-Sinovas ◽  
M. Jimenez ◽  
P. De Clercq ◽  
T. L. Peeters ◽  
P. Vergara
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Motor Pattern ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Motility Pattern ◽  
Plasma Motilin ◽  
Dose Dependent

Rhythmic oscillating complex (ROC) is a highly organized gastrointestinal motility pattern recently described in fasted avian species. ROCs show several high-speed aborad-propagated contractions that progressively change into others of orad direction. In addition, chickens show migrating motor complexes (MMC) in both fed and fasting states. Recently, motilin was isolated and characterized from chicken small intestine. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to learn whether chicken motilin might be involved in either ROC or MMC induction. Electromyographic recordings were obtained from different areas of the gastrointestinal tract of chickens while motilin was infused. The response to chicken motilin was dose dependent in both fed and fasted animals; a bolus of 4 x 10(-11) mol/kg (n = 5) did not modify the intestinal motor pattern, whereas 4 x 10(-10) and 4 x 10(-9) mol/kg (n = 5 each) induced a complete ROC pattern of 5.2 +/- 0.6 and 10.8 +/- 0.9 min, respectively. ROCs induced by chicken motilin presented exactly the same pattern as that described during a spontaneous ROC. Furthermore, motilin concentration in plasma, measured by radioimmunoassay, increased during a spontaneous ROC. This study suggests that chicken motilin triggers an ROC in chickens. The fact that plasma motilin levels increased during spontaneous ROC strongly suggests that motilin is involved in the induction of the ROC pattern. Motilin seems to play a different role in avian and mammalian species, because a phase III of the MMC was never induced by motilin infusion.

scholarly journals CD44 fucosylation on bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells enhances homing and promotes enteric nervous system remodeling in diabetic mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying Shi ◽  
Chen Jiang ◽  
Hailing Yao ◽  
Yurui Zhang ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Bioluminescent Imaging ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Selectin Ligand

Abstract Background Diabetes can cause extensive enteric nervous system (ENS) injuries and gastrointestinal motility disorder. In developing possible treatments, researchers have engaged in tissue regeneration engineering with the very promising bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, BMSCs have poor homing ability to the targeted tissues after intravenous injection. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether enhancing the expression of E-selectin ligand on BMSCs could improve their homing ability and subsequently influence their role in ENS remodeling in diabetic mice. Methods First, we constructed the fucosylation modification of CD44 on BMSCs through a fucosyltransferase VII (FTVII) system to generate a Hematopoietic Cell E-/L-selectin Ligand (HCELL) property, a fucosylated sialyllactosaminyl glycovariant of CD44 that potently binds E-selectin. Next, FTVII-modified and unmodified BMSCs labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) were injected into diabetic mice through the tail vein to compare their homing ability to the gastrointestinal tract and their effect on ENS remodeling, respectively. A bioluminescent imaging system was used to evaluate the homing ability of GFP-labeled BMSCs with and without FTVII modification, to the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal motility was assessed by gastrointestinal transient time, defecation frequency, stool water content and colon strips contractility. Immunofluorescence staining and western blotting were used to assess the expression levels of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Results The FTVII-mediated α(1,3)-fucosylation modification of CD44 on BMSCs generated a HCELL property. Bioluminescent imaging assays showed that FTVII-modified BMSCs had enhanced homing ability to gastrointestinal tract, mainly to the colon, 24 h after injection through the tail vein. Compared with diabetic mice, FTVII-modified BMSCs significantly promoted the gastrointestinal motility and the ENS remodeling, including intestinal peristalsis (P < 0.05), increased feces excretion (P < 0.05) and the water content of the feces (P < 0.05), restored the spontaneous contraction of the colon (P < 0.05), and upregulated the protein expression levels of PGP9.5 (P < 0.01), GFAP (P < 0.001), and GDNF (P < 0.05), while unmodified BMSCs did not (P > 0.05). Conclusions CD44 fucosylation modification on murine BMSCs promotes homing ability to the gastrointestinal tract and ENS remodeling in diabetic mice.

scholarly journals The Advantages and Disadvantages of Prokinetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 478-483
Author(s):  
Jeongkuk Seo ◽  
Kee Wook Jung
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Serotonin Receptor ◽  
Human Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cardiac Side Effects ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysmotility ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Selective Agents

Prokinetics are medications that enhance gastrointestinal contractility; they improve the symptoms of patients with delayed gastrointestinal motility. Prokinetics have conventionally been used to stimulate gastrointestinal propulsion and to treat symptoms correlated with motility problems, including gastroparesis and constipation. 5-Hydroxytryptamine receptor 4 (5-HT4) agonists, such as cisapride, very effectively increased human gastrointestinal tract motility. However, cisapride sometimes induced serious tachyarrhythmia; the drug was thus withdrawn from the market. Thereafter, many prokinetics have been developed to treat delayed gastrointestinal motility. However, some exhibit serious side-effects. Recently, a new, highly selective serotonin receptor agonist, prucalopride, has been introduced; there is as yet no evidence of serious cardiac side- effects. The drug has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat chronic constipation. Thus, recently introduced, highly selective agents appear to show promise as treatments for gastrointestinal dysmotility; there seem to be no serious side-effects.

A 100-year perspective on gastrointestinal motility

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. G447-G453 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Szurszewski
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Liver Physiology ◽  
Electrical And Motor Activity

This contribution to the centennial commemorative issue of the American Journal of Physiology: Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology identifies some of the important studies of spontaneous electrical and motor activity in the gastrointestinal tract published in the Journal between 1898 and 1996. Emphasis is given to the contributions made by Walter B. Cannon, Walter C. Alvarez, Emil Bozler, C. Ladd Prosser, and James Christensen.

scholarly journals Capsule endoscopy findings reflect the gastrointestinal conditions of patients with systemic sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumio Iio ◽  
Shiro Oka ◽  
Shinji Tanaka ◽  
Akihiko Sumioka ◽  
Akiyoshi Tsuboi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Capsule Endoscopy ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Clinical State ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by fibrosis of the skin and various internal organs. However, there is limited knowledge concerning small-bowel lesions. We evaluated the clinical state of patients with SSc according to the capsule endoscopy (CE) findings. Sixty-five consecutive patients with SSc (61 females; mean age, 64.3 years) underwent CE at Hiroshima University Hospital between April 2012 and December 2019. SSc was subclassified into diffuse and limited cutaneous SSc. Among the 65 patients, 55 (51 females; mean age, 64.5 years; diffuse cutaneous SSc, 27 patients) were evaluated for the presence of fibrosis in the gastrointestinal tract by biopsy. Small-bowel lesions were detected in 27 (42%) patients with SSc. Type 1b angioectasia (Yano-Yamamoto classification) was more frequent in limited cutaneous SSc patients (p = 0.0071). The average capsule transit time of the esophagus was significantly longer in diffuse cutaneous SSc patients (p = 0.0418). There were more cases of Type 1a angioectasia in SSc patients without fibrosis. The average capsule transit time of the esophagus was significantly longer in SSc patients with fibrosis. Thus, this study revealed that the frequency of small-bowel angioectasia and gastrointestinal motility in patients with SSc differed depending on SSc subclassification and the presence of fibrosis.

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