Population Change, Labour Market and Unemployment — The Case of the German Domestic Labour Force from 1965–1982

1984 ◽  
pp. 278-294
Author(s):  
Rainer Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Change Labour Market ◽  
Domestic Labour

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF THE VENTSPILS REGION LABOUR MARKET AND PROPOSALS FOR SITUATION IMPROVEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Marga Zivitere ◽  
Elina Konstantinova ◽  
Zaiga Oborenko
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Market Change ◽  
Employment Agency ◽  
Primary Data Analysis ◽  
Change Labour Market

There are several studies carried out on the problems of the Ventspils region labour market, but due to rapid changes in the economic situation, the results of these studies no longer accurately reflect the current situation. The aim of the paper is to present the research for identification and analysing of specific problems in the Ventspils region labour market and propose solutions for situation improvement. The research has examined the relationship between labour market change, labour market conditions and employers’ expectations in Ventspils region. The research is based on both secondary data analysis and primary data analysis obtained in a quantitative (questionnaire survey of entrepreneurs – employers) way and a qualitative way (interviews with representatives of the non-governmental sector). The analysis also showed that the main problem of the labour market related to lack of a qualified, skilled and motivated labour force. It is very important to identify opportunities for increasing qualifications and re-qualification in cooperation with educational institutions and the State Employment Agency. The problem was also the employment of persons before retirement and persons with disabilities. Therefore, there are necessary new, more effective mechanisms of involvement of these groups in the labour market, which are based on cooperation with NGOs, continuing education possibilities and social entrepreneurship. The role of the municipality is very important in this process. 

Tertiary Educated Muslim Women's Work Decision

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Peck Leong Tan ◽  
Muhammad Adidinizar Zia Ahmad Kusair ◽  
Norlida Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Family Friendly ◽  
The Family ◽  
Labour Participation

The participation of women in the labour force has been steadily rising over the years, especially with tremendous human capital investment in educating more women at tertiary levels. However, the tertiary educated women labour participation remains low, particularly among Muslim women. Therefore, this paper explores how tertiary educated Muslim women make their decision to work. This study surveyed 139 tertiary educated women and found their decisions to work are affected by their families’ needs and/or responsibilities, and may not be due to their lives’ goals and dreams. The majority of them work for the sake of money and hence will work if offered jobs meet their expectations in term of salary and position. Furthermore, they will leave the workforce if they need to fulfil their responsibilities at home. Therefore, to retain or to encourage more women especially those with high qualifications to be in the labour market, stakeholders must provide family-friendly jobs and suitable work environment such as flexible working arrangements. More importantly, stakeholders must be able to convince the family members of tertiary educated women to release them to the labour market.   

scholarly journals Granger Causal Nexus between Good Public Governance and Unemployment: Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data Investigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Cristina Boţa-Avram ◽  
Adrian Groşanu ◽  
Paula-Ramona Răchişan ◽  
Sorin Romulus Berinde
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Data Investigation ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
Causal Nexus ◽  
Total Labour

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the causality between good public governance captured through six World Bank governance indicators and unemployment rate (unemployment as % of the total labour force) as a clear indicator of labour market performance. Although some previous papers have empirically demonstrated the casual nexus between country-level governance and economic development, this study investigates the relation of causality between public governance and the labour market. By employing Granger non-causality tests, we tested two hypotheses with regard to this nexus. We argue that bidirectional Granger causality is predominant for the relation of country-level governance and unemployment. Finally, our paper offers a complex quantitative analysis of the causal nexus between public governance quality and one of the most known labour market activity indicators for an extended panel dataset of countries worldwide for 10 years.

Dealing with ‘vulnerable workers’ in precarious employment: Front-line constraints and strategies in employment standards enforcement

2020 ◽  
pp. 0143831X2090914
Author(s):  
Alan Hall ◽  
Rebecca Hall ◽  
Nicole Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Canadian Province ◽  
Precarious Employment ◽  
Employment Relationships ◽  
The Core ◽  
Worker Characteristics ◽  
Employment Standards ◽  
Vulnerable Workers

Individual worker complaints continue to be the core foundation of employment standards enforcement in many Western jurisdictions, including the Canadian province of Ontario. In the contemporary labour market context where segments of the labour force may be disproportionately impacted by rights violations, and employment relationships are more diverse and often more tenuous than previously, the continued reliance on individual claims suggests a need to better understand the challenges associated with the investigation and resolution of claims involving ‘vulnerable workers’ in precarious employment situations. Using interviews with front-line Ontario employment standards officers (ESOs), this article examines the extent to which certain worker characteristics and employment situations perceived by officers as ‘vulnerable’ are identified by officers as significant constraints or barriers to investigation processes and outcomes, and documents whether and how officers address these constraints and barriers. The analysis also identifies the perceived influence of policy, resource and legislative requirements in shaping how officers deal with the more difficult and challenging cases, while also considering the extent to which the officers’ actions are understood by them as discretionary and guided by their particular orientations or concerns. In so doing, this article reveals challenges to the resolution of claims in precarious employment situations, the very place where employment standards are often most needed.

scholarly journals The Debt Overhang Hypothesis: Evidence from Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Imran Shah ◽  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Zia Ur Rahman ◽  
Nadeem Jan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Dynamic Behaviour ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Unit Roots ◽  
Debt Overhang ◽  
Debt Burden ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Domestic Labour

AbstractThis study investigates the debt overhang hypothesis for Pakistan in the period 1960-2007. The study examines empirically the dynamic behaviour of GDP, debt services, the employed labour force and investment using the time series concepts of unit roots, cointegration, error correlation and causality. Our findings suggest that debt-servicing has a negative impact on the productivity of both labour and capital, and that in turn has adversely affected economic growth. By severely constraining the ability of the country to service debt, this lends support to the debt-overhang hypothesis in Pakistan. The long run relation between debt services and economic growth implies that future increases in output will drain away in form of high debt service payments to lender country as external debt acts like a tax on output. More specifically, foreign creditors will benefit more from the rise in productivity than will domestic producers and labour. This suggests that domestic labour and capital are the ultimate losers from this heavy debt burden.

scholarly journals Demographics, Migration and Brain Drain in The Danube Region

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-483
Author(s):  
Mirko Savić ◽  
Stojanka Dakić
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Brain Drain ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Active Labour ◽  
Danube Region ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Market Variables

AbstractIn the last two decades we have been witnessing the decrease of population in many countries of the Danube Region. All demographic indicators are unfavourable. Current demographic situation and labour market in the countries of the Danube Region is presented. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effects of demographic decline in the countries of the Danube Region on the key labour market variables and to model their behaviour. Also, the purpose of this paper is to analyse and discuss the possible consequences of demographic decline and the roles of migration and brain drain in the region. The main conclusion is that drop in the population growth is compensated with migration flows and prolongation of working life when it comes to the active labour force in the Danube Region, although population is still a main source of working force.

Helpt kinderopvang de herintreding van moeders stimuleren?

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Fouarge
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Market Participation ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Regional Demand ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Formal Childcare

Does more childcare stimulate mothers to re-enter the labour market? Does more childcare stimulate mothers to re-enter the labour market? Previous research has shown that the supply of formal childcare facilities has a positive effect on the labour market participation of mothers with young children. When the supply of childcare facilities is higher, the probability that a female keeps on working after the birth of a child is larger. But does childcare also helps non-working mothers to join the labour force? This research shows that it is not the case. The research was carried out on administrative panel data to which data on the regional supply of childcare and the regional demand for labour were matched. It shows that the supply of childcare does not play a significant role in the re-entry in the labour market of mothers. The age of the child and the demand for labour in the region play an important role.

Community of practice: converting IT graduate students into specialists via professional knowledge sharing

Kybernetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Stanca ◽  
Dan-Cristian Dabija ◽  
Elena Păcurar
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Learning Framework

Purpose The paper aims to highlight how an applied learning framework or “community of practice” (CoP) combined with a traditional theoretical course of study enables the identification of teaching-learning processes which facilitate knowledge transfer from practitioners to graduate information technology (IT) students for quicker integration in the labour market. Design/methodology/approach CoPs are identified based on cluster analysis according to Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory (1984), with data obtained through a survey. Empirical research is applied to the CoP developed within a non-formal learning framework, principal new actors being IT specialists linked to graduate IT students and teachers on a traditional university course. Graduate IT students can gain knowledge of the ideal employee and the social and emotional skills needed to integrate with the IT labour market. Findings The K-Means algorithm helps to identify clusters of graduate IT students displaying necessary knowledge acceptance behaviour to convert them into specialists. The results of the cluster analysis show different learning styles of the labour force, providing an overview of candidate selection methods and the knowledge, skills and attitudes expected by users. Research limitations/implications Although the research adds value to the existing literature on learning styles and the knowledge and core skills needed by IT specialists, it was limited to an emerging market. Originality/value The study provides a preliminary overview of graduate IT students’ attitudes from an emerging market to the re-engineering of academic learning contexts to facilitate professional knowledge transfer, converting them into IT practitioners and integrating them in the labour market of an emerging economy.

A Choice-Theoretical Labour-Market Model: Empirical Tests at the Mesolevel

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Baumann ◽  
M M Fischer ◽  
U Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Supply Model

This paper contains an analysis of a multiregional labour-supply model for Austria. In the approach suggested here attempts are made to combine the advantages of random-utility-based discrete choice theory and partial reduced-form estimation. Two recursive submodels, the labour-force participation submodel, and the commuting and employment submodel, are developed. Three different types of model specifications at the mesolevel are used to analyse the consequences of choosing a spatial framework of overlapping regional labour markets upon the model parameters, to investigate the usefulness of the model approach in relation to different regionalisation variants, and to carry out a sensitivity analysis with respect to the effects of the model parameters used to delineate the labour-market regions.

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