Monitoring of a Composting Process: Thermal Stability of Raw Materials and Products

2002 ◽  
pp. 357-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Dell’Abate ◽  
F. Tittarelli
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

scholarly journals Fire Suppression and Thermal Behavior of Biobased Rigid Polyurethane Foam Filled with Biomass Incineration Waste Ash

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnė Kairytė ◽  
Arūnas Kremensas ◽  
Saulius Vaitkus ◽  
Sylwia Członka ◽  
Anna Strąkowska
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Supply Chain System ◽  
Smoke Suppressant ◽  
Foam Filled ◽  
Pu Foams ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Currently, there is great demand to implement circular economy principles and motivate producers of building materials to integrate into a closed loop supply chain system and improve sustainability of their end-product. Therefore, it is of great interest to replace conventional raw materials with inorganic or organic waste-based and filler-type additives to promote sustainability and the close loop chain. This article investigates the possibility of bottom waste incineration ash (WA) particles to be used as a flame retardant replacement to increase fire safety and thermal stability under higher temperatures. From 10 wt.% to 50 wt.% WA particles do not significantly deteriorate performance characteristics, such as compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and water absorption after 28 days of immersion, and at 32 °C WA particles improve the thermal stability of resultant PU foams. Furthermore, 50 wt.% WA particles reduce average heat release by 69% and CO2 and CO yields during fire by 76% and 77%, respectively. Unfortunately, WA particles do not act as a smoke suppressant and do not reduce smoke release rate.

Crystallization Characteristics and Thermal Stability of Fluor-Hydroxyapatite Composites with Zirconia

2012 ◽  
Vol 182-183 ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Li Li Wang ◽  
Xiu Feng Wang ◽  
Cheng Long Yu ◽  
Hong Tao Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Calcium Fluoride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized in presence of 20wt% m-ZrO2by solid state reaction between tricalcium phosphate(TCP) and Ca(OH)2at 1000 °C for 2h. Similarily, Fluorine hydroxyapatite(FA) was synthesized using tricalcium phosphate and calcium fluoride as raw materials at 1000 °Cfor 3h. The as-prepared HA was mixed with 10%,25%,45%,55%,70wt% FA and the mixture was sintered at 1000°C-1400°C for 2h. The main phase and bulk density was measured. The results show that when the relative amount of FA to HA increased, the decomposition of the composite is decreased gradually because of the formation of thermally stable FHA solid solutions. Low temperature would effect the exchange of ionic between FA and HA,while high temperature would impact synthesis of composites, because high temperature would lead to dissolution of HA ,which has to react with FA. Increase the content of HA would be advantage for synthesis FHA-ZrO2composite.

scholarly journals Thermal Behavior of Insulation Fiberboards Made from MDF and Paper Wastes

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-254
Author(s):  
Bita Moezzipour ◽  
Aida Moezzipour
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Recycled Fibers ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Today, recycling is becoming increasingly important. In recycling process, the product performance should also be considered. In this study, manufacturing insulation fiberboard, as a practical wood product from recycled fibers, was investigated. For this purpose, two types of waste (MDF wastes and waste paper) were recycled to fibers and used for producing insulation fiberboards. The target fiberboard density was 0.3 g/cm3. The ratio of waste paper to MDF waste recycled fibers (WP/RF) was considered at two levels of 70/30 and 50/50. Polyvinyl acetate adhesive was used as a variable in the board manufacturing process. The mechanical properties, dimensional stability, thermal conductivity, and fire resistance of the boards were evaluated. Besides, the thermal stability of fiberboards was studied using thermal analysis including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results showed that the insulation fiberboards had admissible mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The manufactured boards displayed low thermal conductivity, which proved to be well competitive with other insulation materials. The fiberboards manufactured with PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 had higher fire resistance compared to other treatments. Additionally, results of thermal analysis showed that the use of PVAc adhesive and WP/RF ratio of 50/50 leads to improved thermal stability. Overall, the recycled fibers from MDF and paper wastes appear to be appropriate raw materials for manufacturing thermal insulation panels, and use of PVAc adhesive can significantly improve thermal and practical properties of insulation fiberboards.

Thermal Stability of the Lightweight Alkali Activated Chamotte

2016 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
pp. 332-336
Author(s):  
Laura Dembovska ◽  
Diana Bajare ◽  
Vilma Ducman ◽  
Girts Bumanis
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Differential Thermal Analysis ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Density Range ◽  
Scrap Recycling ◽  
Alkali Activated ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study deals with the porous refractories based on alkali activated chamotte with addition of aluminium scrap recycling waste as a pore forming agent and firebrick sawing residues as a heat resistant filler for the application in temperature up to 850°C. These newly developed porous lightweight materials can be potentially used in the industrial field, since they display good thermal insulation, density range from 541 to 618 kg/m3 and resistance to elevated temperatures (material shrinkage at the temperature of 850°C did not exceed 0.05%). The refractoriness of alkali activated materials was studied by differential thermal analysis (DTA/TG) and dilatometry tests. Pore microstructure was examined by SEM. Mineralogical composition of the raw materials and physical properties of the produced samples were determined.

Synthesis of a Novel Halogen-Free Intumescent Flame Retardant Agent

2014 ◽  
Vol 1004-1005 ◽  
pp. 1017-1021
Author(s):  
Wang Wang Yu ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Wen Lei
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Char Yield ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Flame Retardant Properties ◽  
Halogen Free ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

A novel non-halogen intumescent flame retardant agent (IFR) was prepared by using phosphoric acid, pentaerythritol and aniline as raw materials. The structure and thermal stability of IFR were investigated by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The flame retardant properties of IFR were investigated based on its inflation and char yield performance at 500°C. The results show that both the reaction time and mole ratio of raw materials have effects on the inflation and char yield of IFR.

Preparation of Lignosulfonate-Chitosan Polyelectrolyte Complex

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 1249-1252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Hai Wang ◽  
Gui Zhen Fang ◽  
Qing Ai ◽  
Yin Feng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Thermal Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Sodium Lignosulfonate ◽  
Electrostatic Adsorption ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Sodium lignosulfonate -chitosan (SLS-CS) polyelectrolyte complex was prepared by alkaline lignin and chitosan as raw materials. The structure and thermal stability of SLS-CS polyelectrolyte were characterized by FTIR, XRD, DSC. The results indicated that NH3+was formed by the protonated amino groups of chitosan and then came into SLS-CS polyelectrolyte complex with -SO3Na of sodium lignosulfonate through electrostatic adsorption. Compared with the sodium lignosulfonate and chitosan, the thermal decomposition temperature of SLS-CS raised and thus improved the thermal stability; the amorphous peak tends to decrease; SLS-CS polymer arrangement appeared more ordering, and the molecular interaction were enhanced.

scholarly journals Optimization of the Composition of the Ointment with Phytoecdysteroids Serpisten

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
E. I. Molokhova ◽  
Yu. V. Sorokina ◽  
D. E. Lipin
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Agar Gel ◽  
Ointment Base ◽  
Rotary Viscometer ◽  
Stability Of Structure ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Introduction. Phytoecdysteroids are a group of natural compounds related in structure and physiological effect to ecdysone - the hormone of insect molting. Phytoecdisteroids have been found to have an antiflammatory effect, which suggests that they have regenerative properties. The development of a soft dosage form containing phytoecdysteroids is of interest.Aim. Improvement of ointment compositions with phytoecdysteroids by optimizing the composition of base adjuvants.Materials and methods. As an active substance was used Serpisten, containing the sum of phytoecdysteroids, the main of which is 20-hydroxyecdysone and obtained from the leaves of Serratulaecoronatae. Raw materials "Serpukhi crowned leaves" were registered by the Federal Service Rospotrebnadzor (Moscow) for the production of dietary supplements (Gr. No. 77.99.23.3.U.1922.3.08), substance Serpisten (Gr. No. 77.99.23.3.U.1923.3.08. TU 9369-002-15092611-2008). In work were used the excipients allowed for medical use: the monoglycerides distilled, T-2 emulsifier, tween 80, sodium - carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxide of aluminum, aero forces, vaseline, oil vaseline, sunflower oil. Optimization of ointment auxiliary substances composition was carried out according to the Greco-Latin 4 x 4 square plan with repeated observations. The concentration of hydrogen ions from aqueous ointments was evaluated as process parameters; acid number; release of serpistene from ointment into agar gel, thermal stability of structure. The structural and mechanical properties of the optimal composition ointment composition were determined on a RV type REOTEST 2.1 rotary viscometer (RHEOTEST Medingen GmbH, Germany). Ointment Bepanten (GP Grenzach Produktions GmbH, Germany) was used as a comparison preparation.Results and discussion. During optimization of the composition of the diphilic ointment with serpistene, was found that the ratio of hydrophobic and hydrophilic phases should be 1 : 1, it is advisable to introduce into the ointment base an emulsifier T-2, aerosil and a mixture of vaseline and vaseline oil in the proportion of 1 : 1. As a result of the carried out studies on the optimization of ointment compositions, the following serpisten ointment composition is proposed: serpisten - 0.02; emulsifier T-2 - 3.0; aerosil - 3.0; vaseline - 23.0; vaseline oil - 23.0; ethyl alcohol 40 % - 1 ml; purified water to 100.0. Comparative analysis of effective viscosity showed that the proposed composition is as close as possible to the Bepanten ointment.Conclusion. A set of technological studies was carried out to optimize the composition of the Serpisten, 0.02 °% ointment on a diphilic basis. The developed composition and technology made it possible to obtain a composition with thermal stability, bring the hydrogen index of the ointment closer to the pH of human skin and achieve the parameters included in the rheological optimum for dermatological ointments (0.34-108 Pa • s).

scholarly journals Thermal behavior of electrospun gelatin and chitosan complex

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1323-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Jie Qi ◽  
Yong-Fang Qian ◽  
Yu-Ping Zhao ◽  
Wei Ju
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Crystalline Property ◽  
Decomposition Stages ◽  
Electrospun Gelatin ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This paper studied the thermal behavior of gelatin, chitosan, and their complex. Thermal stability was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis, and the results showed that gelatin and chitosan raw materials exhibited two decomposition stages while as-electrospun nanofibrous mats had three decomposition stages. Moreover, chitosan raw material had better thermal stability than gelatin. However, its electrospun partner revealed its opposite trend. X-ray diffraction was used to analyze the crystalline property and the result showed that the crystallinity decreased due to the interaction with the solvents, and thus the thermal stability sharply decreased. In addition, incorporation of gelatin could improve the thermal stability of chitosan.

The Study on Thermal Stability of Hg and S Element in Semi-Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization Ash

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 434-440
Author(s):  
Yu Shen ◽  
Li Sha Yang ◽  
Chao Jie Li ◽  
Chuan Min Chen ◽  
Song Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Crystal Water ◽  
Comprehensive Utilization ◽  
Calcium Sulfite ◽  
Research Achievement ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

The semi-dry flue gas desulfurization technology is widely used by coal-fired power plant. Desulfurization ash produced by semi-dry flue gas desulfurization, which consist CaSO3, CaCO3, Ca (OH) 2, CaSO4 and so on. It will bring new environment pollution if not been disposed properly. Building material industry is the main field in terms of the comprehensive utilization of desulfurization ash. While hazardous elements especial S and Hg may be released in the condition of temperature changes in the process of desulfurization ash utilization, causing second environment pollution. Combined with the research achievement of preparing autoclaved brick before, the content of S and Hg in raw materials and autoclaved brick were studied during the thermal utilization process in this article. The thermal stability of calcium sulfite was analyzed by the chemical reagent calcium sulfite. The results shown that calcium sulfite only lost crystal water whether in oxygen or air when the temperature is below 450°C, calcium sulfite was completely oxidized to calcium sulfate when the temperature is 475 °C in oxygen or 515°C in air. The contents of S and Hg which existed in desulfurization ash were 7.03%wt and 460μg/kg, respectively. The contents of S and Hg in autoclaved brick which made by desulfurization ash mainly were 5.16%wt and 450μg/kg, respectively. The results shown that the content of elements S and Hg in raw materials and autoclaved brick were roughly the same, which indicated that S and Hg no escape in the process of preparing autoclaved brick. The research provided a certain references for the comprehensive utilization of semi-dry flue gas desulfurization ash in the condition of heat and humid.

Thermal Stability of Epoxy Resin Modified with Developed Flame Retardant System Based on Renewable Raw Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 995 ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Salasinska ◽  
Agnieszka Gajek ◽  
Maciej Celiński ◽  
Kamila Mizera ◽  
Monika Borucka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Thermal Stable

A novel flame retardant system, embraced shell (S) and histidine diphosphate (H) as intumescent flame retardant developed in the Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards laboratory, was added to the epoxy resin and examined. The influence of flame retardant system on the thermal stability was assessed based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Moreover, the flame retardant components were characterized by grain size distribution. It was found that the incorporation of the developed flame retardant system caused the formation of thermal stable char, which may inhibit the burning process.

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