Small-Scale Farmers and the Challenges of Environmental Conservation and Rural Development: Case Studies from the State of São Paulo and the Amazon Region

2012 ◽  
pp. 251-273
Author(s):  
Célia Futemma
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Small Scale Farmers

scholarly journals Integrated Strategies for the Control of Leishmaniasis in the Municipality of Teodoro Sampaio, SP, from a Geographical Perspective, Supported by Geoprocessing

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elivelton Da Silva Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Spatial Transformation ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
General Terms

Introduction: This study is justified since very little is known of the relationship between Leishmaniasis and the spatial transformation process. In the past, the municipality of Teodoro Sampaio has spread ACL and recently cases of visceral Leishmaniasis have been found in dogs in the urban area, making the municipality a likely area for the convergence of both manifestations of the disease. The overall aim is to relate recent spatial transformations with the pattern of spatial distribution of the infection’s vectors and hosts, keeping in mind the integrated geographic distribution of ACL and AVL.  Methods:  The study has two levels of aggregation: (a) a population-based case study of the municipality of Teodoro Sampaio, Pontal do Paranapanema, in the state of São Paulo, designed to be quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional, and (b) population-based across the municipalities of São Paulo state, designed to be retrospective, quantitative, observational and descriptive. The choice of two approaches to the study is justified by a consideration of the articulations which enable the formation of production circuits for Leishmaniasis in the region. The gathering of data for the Teodoro Sampaio case study underwent two phases: field study and by means of secondary official data sources. Data concerning the state of São Paulo comes from secondary sources.  Conclusion: As it is a focal disease, the data presented allows us to infer that AVL spreads from Sector 1 of the urban area to Sector 3, because the vector relevant to transmission is within the former. The ACL pattern in Teodoro Sampaio is thought to be based in the woodlands surrounding the urban area, in general terms, based in the Parque Estadual do Morro do Diabo (PEMD), the edge of which is five kilometres from the centre of the district. Exchanges take place between the urban area of the municipality, the PEMD, the settlement of Ribeirão Bonito, which forms part of the transect making up the geosystem of Teodoro Sampaio, and Pontal do Paranapanema. Human intervention can be seen as the main agent in promoting these exchanges between environments due to the transit of people between subgeosystems and the interrelationship with other municipalities encouraging the spread of the disease. The only municipalities to be among those with a high incidence of AVL are Araçatuba and Presidente Prudente, although the number of cases is growing and becoming more concentrated. The state presents a circumscribed hub of AVL cases in the region of Campinas and Piracicaba, and another in Pontal do Paranapanema. This interaction borders on Mato Grosso do Sul, giving rise to the main circuit AVL instances of the Southeast. ACL has a hub at Itapetininga, which is next to Vale do Paraiba Paulista, also leading to interactions across the border with the state of Rio de Janeiro and its principal circumscribed centres of transmission of ACL. This will be Brazil’s next ACL production circuit. It was possible to identify areas in the state of São Paulo particularly vulnerable to Leishmaniasis with particular distributions for each of the two types of the disease, sometimes existing together. Outbreaks of canine VL do not depend on distribution rules on a small scale, although the effect of many outbreaks together clarifies a spatial pattern, as seen in the state of São Paulo. Patterns of transmission of Leishmaniasis are established in the state of São Paulo and the data analyzed helps to verify these patterns.

Sugar and ethanol production as a rural development strategy in Brazil: Evidence from the state of São Paulo

2011 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz A. Martinelli ◽  
Rachael Garrett ◽  
Silvio Ferraz ◽  
Rosamond Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo

scholarly journals Management of gillnet fisheries in the south coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1227-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOCEMAR T. MENDONÇA ◽  
ALINEIDE L.C. PEREIRA
Keyword(s):  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fishing Industry ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The South ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
South Of Brazil

Gillnetting is one of the most practiced fishing methods adopted in the South of Brazil and has been increasingly expanding over the last years. This paper presents the characterization of the activity and discusses its management, in accordance to results from the discussions on the development of regulations on net fisheries in the South Coast Marine Protected Area (APAMLS) in the state of São Paulo. Gillnet fleets are formed by small-scale boats, with low autonomy, and lower fishing capacity, when compared to boats from other ports in the South and Southeast. However, the number of fishing units is high, reaching 1,709 units operating in the South coast of São Paulo in 2010. This kind of fleet uses several types of gillnets, and the activity may be classified according to the fishery type (industrial, coastal artisanal and estuarine artisanal). The activity was discussed in the APAMLS and the fishing industry, with the participation of all segments, and a proposal for gillnetting regulation was reached. The results suggested that gillnet length for industrial fisheries should be reduced by 30%. It must be emphasized that without effective inspection measures leading the fishing industry to believe in the enforcement of the proposal, private interests of the most influential political sectors may cause the process to retrocede.

The Daily Routine of Students in the Classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Lilian Marques Silva
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Public School ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Technological Advances

The almost instantaneous access to information provided by technological advances has revolutionized the behavior of people and of the classrooms too. Teachers had to adapt themselves to new technologies to maintain students interested and attentive to the discipline being taught. In this work, the behavior of the students of the 6th grade of elementary school II during class was observed. The school chosen is a public school in the State of São Paulo (Brazil). The research was based on data collection. The students were observed by being filmed during six months. The results showed that the students were interested in the classes and committed to the activities. The place that the student chooses to sit in the classroom influences the behavior of the teacher, because the more distant the teacher, the less he participates in the class.

Sound-Politics in São Paulo

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Crime Control ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analytical Category

This book is an ethnographic study of controversial sounds and noise control debates in Latin America’s most populous city. It discusses the politics of collective living by following several threads linking sound-making practices to governance issues. Rather than discussing sound within a self-enclosed “cultural” field, I examine it as a point of entry for analyzing the state. At the same time, rather than portraying the state as a self-enclosed “apparatus” with seemingly inexhaustible homogeneous power, I describe it as a collection of unstable (and often contradictory) sectors, personnel, strategies, discourses, documents, and agencies. My goal is to approach sound as an analytical category that allows us to access citizenship issues. As I show, environmental noise in São Paulo has been entangled in a wide range of debates, including public health, religious intolerance, crime control, urban planning, cultural rights, and economic growth. The book’s guiding question can be summarized as follows: how do sounds enter and leave the sphere of state control? I answer this question by examining a multifaceted process I define as “sound-politics.” The term refers to sounds as objects that are susceptible to state intervention through specific regulatory, disciplinary, and punishment mechanisms. Both “sound” and “politics” in “sound-politics” are nouns, with the hyphen serving as a bridge that expresses the instability that each concept inserts into the other.

scholarly journals Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea Latreille, 1802: new continent record and distribution extension in Brazil

Check List ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Juventina Magrini ◽  
Paula Beatriz Araujo ◽  
Marcio Uehara-Prado
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Pitfall Traps ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Serra Do Mar ◽  
First Time

Terrestrial Isopods were sampled in four protected Atlantic Forest areas located in Serra do Mar, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. A total of 2,217 individuals of six species (Atlantoscia sp., Benthana werneri, Pseudodiploexochus tabularis, Pudeoniscus obscurus, Styloniscus spinosus and Trichorhina sp.) were captured in pitfall traps. The exotic species S. spinosus is recorded for the first time for the Americas. Another introduced species, P. tabularis, previously recorded only from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, had its geographic distribution extended to the state of São Paulo. The most abundant isopods in this study belong to an undescribed species of Atlantoscia.

scholarly journals Towards Providing Effective Data-Driven Responses to Predict the Covid-19 in São Paulo and Brazil

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Fabio Amaral ◽  
Wallace Casaca ◽  
Cassio M. Oishi ◽  
José A. Cuminato
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Series Data ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Infected People

São Paulo is the most populous state in Brazil, home to around 22% of the country’s population. The total number of Covid-19-infected people in São Paulo has reached more than 1 million, while its total death toll stands at 25% of all the country’s fatalities. Joining the Brazilian academia efforts in the fight against Covid-19, in this paper we describe a unified framework for monitoring and forecasting the Covid-19 progress in the state of São Paulo. More specifically, a freely available, online platform to collect and exploit Covid-19 time-series data is presented, supporting decision-makers while still allowing the general public to interact with data from different regions of the state. Moreover, a novel forecasting data-driven method has also been proposed, by combining the so-called Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Deceased model with machine learning strategies to better fit the mathematical model’s coefficients for predicting Infections, Recoveries, Deaths, and Viral Reproduction Numbers. We show that the obtained predictor is capable of dealing with badly conditioned data samples while still delivering accurate 10-day predictions. Our integrated computational system can be used for guiding government actions mainly in two basic aspects: real-time data assessment and dynamic predictions of Covid-19 curves for different regions of the state. We extend our analysis and investigation to inspect the virus spreading in Brazil in its regions. Finally, experiments involving the Covid-19 advance in other countries are also given.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of delaying vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 assuming unlimited vaccine supply

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Dimas Tadeu Covas ◽  
Francisco Antonio Bezerra Coutinho ◽  
Raymundo Soares Azevedo ◽  
Eduardo Massad
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background At the moment we have more than 177 million cases and 3.8 million deaths (as of June 2021) around the world and vaccination represents the only hope to control the pandemic. Imperfections in planning vaccine acquisition and difficulties in implementing distribution among the population, however, have hampered the control of the virus so far. Methods We propose a new mathematical model to estimate the impact of vaccination delay against the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the number of cases and deaths due to the disease in Brazil. We apply the model to Brazil as a whole and to the State of Sao Paulo, the most affected by COVID-19 in Brazil. We simulated the model for the populations of the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole, varying the scenarios related to vaccine efficacy and compliance from the populations. Results The model projects that, in the absence of vaccination, almost 170 thousand deaths and more than 350 thousand deaths will occur by the end of 2021 for Sao Paulo and Brazil, respectively. If in contrast, Sao Paulo and Brazil had enough vaccine supply and so started a vaccination campaign in January with the maximum vaccination rate, compliance and efficacy, they could have averted more than 112 thousand deaths and 127 thousand deaths, respectively. In addition, for each month of delay the number of deaths increases monotonically in a logarithmic fashion, for both the State of Sao Paulo and Brazil as a whole. Conclusions Our model shows that the current delay in the vaccination schedules that is observed in many countries has serious consequences in terms of mortality by the disease and should serve as an alert to health authorities to speed the process up such that the highest number of people to be immunized is reached in the shortest period of time.

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