Assessment of the Impact of Endocrine Disrupters on Human Health and Wildlife: Activities of the World Health Organisation

2001 ◽  
pp. 311-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. X. R. Van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Endocrine Disrupters ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Aetiology and Development of Uveal Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Melissa Chalada ◽  
Charmaine A. Ramlogan-Steel ◽  
Bijay P. Dhungel ◽  
Christopher J. Layton ◽  
Jason C. Steel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Genetic Mutations ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Uveal melanoma (UM) is currently classified by the World Health Organisation as a melanoma caused by risk factors other than cumulative solar damage. However, factors relating to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) susceptibility such as light-coloured skin and eyes, propensity to burn, and proximity to the equator, frequently correlate with higher risk of UM. These risk factors echo those of the far more common cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is widely accepted to be caused by excessive UVR exposure, suggesting a role of UVR in the development and progression of a proportion of UM. Indeed, this could mean that countries, such as Australia, with high UVR exposure and the highest incidences of CM would represent a similarly high incidence of UM if UVR exposure is truly involved. Most cases of UM lack the typical genetic mutations that are related to UVR damage, although recent evidence in a small minority of cases has shown otherwise. This review therefore reassesses statistical, environmental, anatomical, and physiological evidence for and against the role of UVR in the aetiology of UM.

29 September, International Day of Otolaryngologist

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Oksana Rybachok
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The World ◽  
Injury Risk Factor ◽  
The Impact

According to the World Health Organisation, deafness is one of the most widely spread sensory disorders in the world affecting about 360 million people worldwide. The causes of deafness can be very diverse, from genetic diseases, the impact of injury-risk factor and infectious agents to the administration of ototoxic drugs. Moreover, otolaryngologists believe that about half of deafness and hearing loss cases could have been prevented. Though otolaryngology was separated as an independent medical science in the mid-18th century, the decision to celebrate the Otolaryngologist Day on September 29 as a professional holiday for medical practitioners in this speciality was made not so long ago. This date at the end of September was chosen on purpose: the influx of patients to medical practitioners in this speciality is observed closer to the mid-autumn, after the first cold snap.

scholarly journals The impact of maternal obesity on completion of fetal anomaly screening

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly-Ann Eastwood ◽  
Ciara Daly ◽  
Alyson Hunter ◽  
David McCance ◽  
Ian Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
World Health ◽  
Fetal Anomaly ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Fetal Medicine ◽  
Obese Class ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjective:To examine the impact of maternal obesity on completion of fetal anomaly screening.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 500 anomaly scans (19+0–21+6 weeks) was included. Women were categorised according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) body mass index (BMI) classification: normal weight (18.50–24.99 kg/mResults:Image quality deteriorated as BMI increased and was significantly different across the BMI categories (P<0.001). Performance was poorest in imaging of the fetal chest and was significantly different across BMI categories (P<0.001). In obese class III, 33% of four-chamber cardiac views and 38% of outflow tract views were not obtained. In total, 119 women (23.6%) had an incomplete scan. In obese class III, 44.1% of scans were incomplete compared with 10.2% in the normal BMI category (P<0.001). Of 117 women attending for repeat scans, 78.6% were complete, 11.1% were incomplete, 6.8% were advised to re-attend and 3.4% were referred to Fetal Medicine.Conclusion:Maternal obesity has a significant impact on completion of fetal anomaly screening.

scholarly journals The Impact of Alcoholic Beverages on Human Health

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4417
Author(s):  
Peter Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
World Health ◽  
Status Report ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Status ◽  
The Impact

As summarized in the World Health Organization’s latest Global Status Report on Alcohol, the pleasure of alcohol is indicated by the fact that, worldwide, just over two-fifths of the population aged 15+ years drink alcohol; 2 [...]

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on measles surveillance in the World Health Organisation African Region, 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balcha Masresha ◽  
Richard Luce ◽  
Reggis Katsande ◽  
Annick Dosseh ◽  
Patricia Tanifum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals COVID-19: Needs assessment of the pharmacy profession and contributions so far across the Commonwealth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Ashiru-Oredope ◽  
Amy Chan ◽  
Omotayo Olaoye ◽  
Victoria Rutter ◽  
Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pharmacy Profession ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundThe declaration of COVID-19 a pandemic by the World Health Organisation on the 11March 2020 marked the beginning of a global health crisis of an unprecedented natureand scale. The approach taken by countries across the world varied widely, however,the delivery of frontline healthcare was consistently recognised as being central to thepandemic response. This study aimed to identify and explore the issues currentlyfacing pharmacy teams across Commonwealth countries during the COVID-19pandemic. The study also evaluates pharmacy professionals’ understanding of keyknowledge areas from the COVID-19 webinar hosted by the CommonwealthPharmacists’ Association ( CPA) on 5 th June 2020.MethodA quantitative survey-based approach was adopted, using a 32-item questionnairedeveloped from the literature on pharmacy and pandemic response. The survey washosted on Survey Monkey and pilot tested. The final survey was disseminated by CPAmember organisations. A 6-item online questionnaire was sent via email to allattendees of CPA's COVID-19 webinar. Descriptive statistics on frequency distributionsand percentages were used to analyse the responses. Data were analysed usingMicrosoft® Excel (2010).ResultsThere were 545 responses from pharmacy professionals across 31/54 commonwealthcountries in Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe and the Pacific. Majority of therespondents reported being at least somewhat worried (90%) and more than 65% werevery worried or extremely about the impact of COVID-19 on them personally andprofessionally. Nearly two-thirds of respondents stated finding it somewhat difficult orvery difficult to work effectively during the pandemic. Challenges mostly faced bypharmacy professionals working remotely included; general anxiety about the impact ofCOVID-19 on their lives (12%), and difficulties in communicating with their co-workers(12%). Most pharmacy professionals had not previously been actively involved in aglobal health emergency (82%) nor obtained training on global/public healthemergency preparedness (62%). Between 45% to 97% of the COVID-19 webinarattendees provided the correct answers to post-webinar questions, suggesting someimprovement in knowledge.ConclusionOur study confirms pharmacy professional’s concerns about practice during apandemic and provides preliminary data on the challenges and learning needs of theprofession. The CPA has since acted on these findings, providing on-goingopportunities to develop and refine resources for the profession as the pandemicevolves. Pharmacy professionals have also demonstrated improved knowledge on themanagement of COVID-19 and resources available for professionals.

scholarly journals Smallpox in the Post-Eradication Era

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Meyer ◽  
Rosina Ehmann ◽  
Geoffrey L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Viral Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

Widespread vaccination programmes led to the global eradication of smallpox, which was certified by the World Health Organisation (WHO), and, since 1978, there has been no case of smallpox anywhere in the world. However, the viable variola virus (VARV), the causative agent of smallpox, is still kept in two maximum security laboratories in Russia and the USA. Despite the eradication of the disease smallpox, clandestine stocks of VARV may exist. In a rapidly changing world, the impact of an intentional VARV release in the human population would nowadays result in a public health emergency of global concern: vaccination programmes were abolished, the percentage of immunosuppressed individuals in the human population is higher, and an increased intercontinental air travel allows for the rapid viral spread of diseases around the world. The WHO has authorised the temporary retention of VARV to enable essential research for public health benefit to take place. This work aims to develop diagnostic tests, antiviral drugs, and safer vaccines. Advances in synthetic biology have made it possible to produce infectious poxvirus particles from chemicals in vitro so that it is now possible to reconstruct VARV. The status of smallpox in the post-eradication era is reviewed.

scholarly journals Mobility Behaviour in View of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Public Transport Users in Gdansk Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Adam Przybylowski ◽  
Sandra Stelmak ◽  
Michal Suchanek
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Problematic Issue ◽  
Mobility Behaviour ◽  
Past Life ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic, like an earthquake, shocked our civilization and is still having a devastating effect on our lives. Guaranteeing an appropriate level of safety in the conditions of an epidemic is a highly problematic issue due to the subjectivism of social individuals, their diverse attitudes, and past life experiences. Taking into account the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines regarding the pandemic, authorities all around the world have reacted by issuing the necessary sets of advice and legal acts. This resulted in immediate and severe implications on mobility styles. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on mobility behaviours with special regard to public transport users, in terms of their willingness to travel and their safety criteria perceptions. The city of Gdańsk, in Poland, located on the Baltic Sea, has been taken as an example. The hypothesis was as follows: the epidemic phenomenon may substantially affect mobility behaviours in terms of subjective levels of safety and the mental comfort of public transport users, resulting in avoiding this form of transport. In accordance with the survey results, carried out among the users, 90% of respondents resigned or limited their usage. Almost 75% of them plan to return to using public transport when the epidemic situation has stabilized. The others, unfortunately, have completely lost hope that public transport will ever be safe. These results indicate decisively that the future of public transport in cities, and the willingness of passengers to use it once the epidemic is over, depends majorly on the perceived comfort and safety during the epidemic. This means that transport policies should be focused on enhancing these perceptions and making sure that the image of public transport is not in further decline; otherwise, it could mean an almost impossible effort to encourage passengers to return to using sustainable modes of transport in the future.

scholarly journals Health Pandemic and Experience of COVID-19 Infected Health Workers: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diganta Das
Keyword(s):  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Family Members ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analytical Approaches

ABSTRACT Due to the rapid spread of the COVID-19 disease, the world communities were faced extreme stress to deal with the pandemic. The World Health Organisation (WHO) was decided to declare COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 pandemic was brought extreme challenges on health workers including nurses and ward attendants’ work in the healthcare service. The objective of this study was to explored the impact on health workers of India. This study was conducted among nurses and ward attendants and they were known for their service through the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was included 20 respondents where 10 of them were nurses and the other 10 were ward attendants at the hospital. The interview method was used to collect the data, and the interviews were conducted between November 2020 and February 2021. The interviews were conducted over the phone. Data was analysed with the help of Graneheim’s qualitative content analytical approaches. This study found that health workers were faced anxiety, fear of death, social isolation, loss of hope about future, separation anxiety from family members, etc. They were faced with uncertainty of their own life and even family members due to higher death rate among health workers and also patients.

scholarly journals Diabetes With Co-Morbidities Of Covid19 Using Covid19 Lungs Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1156-1164
Author(s):  
Vadthe Narasimha, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Severe Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Diabetes is a nightmare disease to fight, and it's prevalence of diabetes is been increasing every single day worldwide, India seems recording a high number of cases. As a condition, diabetes can also invite other health problems, COVID-19 being one of them. COVID-19 that's reputed to have emerged out of Wuhan (China) has generated a severe effect on nearly each modern society of the planet. As a result of issues due to this specific wellness catastrophe all around the Earth, that the World Health Organisation (WHO) has announced it's a international outbreak. COVID-19 is still a state that will get worse with co-morbidities. Researches snare that individuals Afflicted by diabetes Experience with worse results, possess a higher Danger of seriousness, and extended recovery period. In this paper we are trying to study and analyse the impact of covid-19 on the diabetic patients using the lung chest images. This study helps the doctors to understand more about the patients and overcome serious factors. We use Deep Learning methods to study the images and co-morbidities of diabetics with covid-19.

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