29 September, International Day of Otolaryngologist

Author(s):  
Oksana Rybachok

According to the World Health Organisation, deafness is one of the most widely spread sensory disorders in the world affecting about 360 million people worldwide. The causes of deafness can be very diverse, from genetic diseases, the impact of injury-risk factor and infectious agents to the administration of ototoxic drugs. Moreover, otolaryngologists believe that about half of deafness and hearing loss cases could have been prevented. Though otolaryngology was separated as an independent medical science in the mid-18th century, the decision to celebrate the Otolaryngologist Day on September 29 as a professional holiday for medical practitioners in this speciality was made not so long ago. This date at the end of September was chosen on purpose: the influx of patients to medical practitioners in this speciality is observed closer to the mid-autumn, after the first cold snap.

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1700
Author(s):  
Melissa Chalada ◽  
Charmaine A. Ramlogan-Steel ◽  
Bijay P. Dhungel ◽  
Christopher J. Layton ◽  
Jason C. Steel

Uveal melanoma (UM) is currently classified by the World Health Organisation as a melanoma caused by risk factors other than cumulative solar damage. However, factors relating to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) susceptibility such as light-coloured skin and eyes, propensity to burn, and proximity to the equator, frequently correlate with higher risk of UM. These risk factors echo those of the far more common cutaneous melanoma (CM), which is widely accepted to be caused by excessive UVR exposure, suggesting a role of UVR in the development and progression of a proportion of UM. Indeed, this could mean that countries, such as Australia, with high UVR exposure and the highest incidences of CM would represent a similarly high incidence of UM if UVR exposure is truly involved. Most cases of UM lack the typical genetic mutations that are related to UVR damage, although recent evidence in a small minority of cases has shown otherwise. This review therefore reassesses statistical, environmental, anatomical, and physiological evidence for and against the role of UVR in the aetiology of UM.


2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly-Ann Eastwood ◽  
Ciara Daly ◽  
Alyson Hunter ◽  
David McCance ◽  
Ian Young ◽  
...  

AbstractObjective:To examine the impact of maternal obesity on completion of fetal anomaly screening.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 500 anomaly scans (19+0–21+6 weeks) was included. Women were categorised according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) body mass index (BMI) classification: normal weight (18.50–24.99 kg/mResults:Image quality deteriorated as BMI increased and was significantly different across the BMI categories (P<0.001). Performance was poorest in imaging of the fetal chest and was significantly different across BMI categories (P<0.001). In obese class III, 33% of four-chamber cardiac views and 38% of outflow tract views were not obtained. In total, 119 women (23.6%) had an incomplete scan. In obese class III, 44.1% of scans were incomplete compared with 10.2% in the normal BMI category (P<0.001). Of 117 women attending for repeat scans, 78.6% were complete, 11.1% were incomplete, 6.8% were advised to re-attend and 3.4% were referred to Fetal Medicine.Conclusion:Maternal obesity has a significant impact on completion of fetal anomaly screening.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balcha Masresha ◽  
Richard Luce ◽  
Reggis Katsande ◽  
Annick Dosseh ◽  
Patricia Tanifum ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Ashiru-Oredope ◽  
Amy Chan ◽  
Omotayo Olaoye ◽  
Victoria Rutter ◽  
Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar ◽  
...  

Abstract BackgroundThe declaration of COVID-19 a pandemic by the World Health Organisation on the 11March 2020 marked the beginning of a global health crisis of an unprecedented natureand scale. The approach taken by countries across the world varied widely, however,the delivery of frontline healthcare was consistently recognised as being central to thepandemic response. This study aimed to identify and explore the issues currentlyfacing pharmacy teams across Commonwealth countries during the COVID-19pandemic. The study also evaluates pharmacy professionals’ understanding of keyknowledge areas from the COVID-19 webinar hosted by the CommonwealthPharmacists’ Association ( CPA) on 5 th June 2020.MethodA quantitative survey-based approach was adopted, using a 32-item questionnairedeveloped from the literature on pharmacy and pandemic response. The survey washosted on Survey Monkey and pilot tested. The final survey was disseminated by CPAmember organisations. A 6-item online questionnaire was sent via email to allattendees of CPA's COVID-19 webinar. Descriptive statistics on frequency distributionsand percentages were used to analyse the responses. Data were analysed usingMicrosoft® Excel (2010).ResultsThere were 545 responses from pharmacy professionals across 31/54 commonwealthcountries in Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe and the Pacific. Majority of therespondents reported being at least somewhat worried (90%) and more than 65% werevery worried or extremely about the impact of COVID-19 on them personally andprofessionally. Nearly two-thirds of respondents stated finding it somewhat difficult orvery difficult to work effectively during the pandemic. Challenges mostly faced bypharmacy professionals working remotely included; general anxiety about the impact ofCOVID-19 on their lives (12%), and difficulties in communicating with their co-workers(12%). Most pharmacy professionals had not previously been actively involved in aglobal health emergency (82%) nor obtained training on global/public healthemergency preparedness (62%). Between 45% to 97% of the COVID-19 webinarattendees provided the correct answers to post-webinar questions, suggesting someimprovement in knowledge.ConclusionOur study confirms pharmacy professional’s concerns about practice during apandemic and provides preliminary data on the challenges and learning needs of theprofession. The CPA has since acted on these findings, providing on-goingopportunities to develop and refine resources for the profession as the pandemicevolves. Pharmacy professionals have also demonstrated improved knowledge on themanagement of COVID-19 and resources available for professionals.


Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann Meyer ◽  
Rosina Ehmann ◽  
Geoffrey L. Smith

Widespread vaccination programmes led to the global eradication of smallpox, which was certified by the World Health Organisation (WHO), and, since 1978, there has been no case of smallpox anywhere in the world. However, the viable variola virus (VARV), the causative agent of smallpox, is still kept in two maximum security laboratories in Russia and the USA. Despite the eradication of the disease smallpox, clandestine stocks of VARV may exist. In a rapidly changing world, the impact of an intentional VARV release in the human population would nowadays result in a public health emergency of global concern: vaccination programmes were abolished, the percentage of immunosuppressed individuals in the human population is higher, and an increased intercontinental air travel allows for the rapid viral spread of diseases around the world. The WHO has authorised the temporary retention of VARV to enable essential research for public health benefit to take place. This work aims to develop diagnostic tests, antiviral drugs, and safer vaccines. Advances in synthetic biology have made it possible to produce infectious poxvirus particles from chemicals in vitro so that it is now possible to reconstruct VARV. The status of smallpox in the post-eradication era is reviewed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Adam Przybylowski ◽  
Sandra Stelmak ◽  
Michal Suchanek

The COVID-19 pandemic, like an earthquake, shocked our civilization and is still having a devastating effect on our lives. Guaranteeing an appropriate level of safety in the conditions of an epidemic is a highly problematic issue due to the subjectivism of social individuals, their diverse attitudes, and past life experiences. Taking into account the World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines regarding the pandemic, authorities all around the world have reacted by issuing the necessary sets of advice and legal acts. This resulted in immediate and severe implications on mobility styles. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on mobility behaviours with special regard to public transport users, in terms of their willingness to travel and their safety criteria perceptions. The city of Gdańsk, in Poland, located on the Baltic Sea, has been taken as an example. The hypothesis was as follows: the epidemic phenomenon may substantially affect mobility behaviours in terms of subjective levels of safety and the mental comfort of public transport users, resulting in avoiding this form of transport. In accordance with the survey results, carried out among the users, 90% of respondents resigned or limited their usage. Almost 75% of them plan to return to using public transport when the epidemic situation has stabilized. The others, unfortunately, have completely lost hope that public transport will ever be safe. These results indicate decisively that the future of public transport in cities, and the willingness of passengers to use it once the epidemic is over, depends majorly on the perceived comfort and safety during the epidemic. This means that transport policies should be focused on enhancing these perceptions and making sure that the image of public transport is not in further decline; otherwise, it could mean an almost impossible effort to encourage passengers to return to using sustainable modes of transport in the future.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diganta Das

ABSTRACT Due to the rapid spread of the COVID-19 disease, the world communities were faced extreme stress to deal with the pandemic. The World Health Organisation (WHO) was decided to declare COVID-19 as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. COVID-19 pandemic was brought extreme challenges on health workers including nurses and ward attendants’ work in the healthcare service. The objective of this study was to explored the impact on health workers of India. This study was conducted among nurses and ward attendants and they were known for their service through the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was included 20 respondents where 10 of them were nurses and the other 10 were ward attendants at the hospital. The interview method was used to collect the data, and the interviews were conducted between November 2020 and February 2021. The interviews were conducted over the phone. Data was analysed with the help of Graneheim’s qualitative content analytical approaches. This study found that health workers were faced anxiety, fear of death, social isolation, loss of hope about future, separation anxiety from family members, etc. They were faced with uncertainty of their own life and even family members due to higher death rate among health workers and also patients.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1156-1164
Author(s):  
Vadthe Narasimha, Et. al.

Diabetes is a nightmare disease to fight, and it's prevalence of diabetes is been increasing every single day worldwide, India seems recording a high number of cases. As a condition, diabetes can also invite other health problems, COVID-19 being one of them. COVID-19 that's reputed to have emerged out of Wuhan (China) has generated a severe effect on nearly each modern society of the planet. As a result of issues due to this specific wellness catastrophe all around the Earth, that the World Health Organisation (WHO) has announced it's a international outbreak. COVID-19 is still a state that will get worse with co-morbidities. Researches snare that individuals Afflicted by diabetes Experience with worse results, possess a higher Danger of seriousness, and extended recovery period. In this paper we are trying to study and analyse the impact of covid-19 on the diabetic patients using the lung chest images. This study helps the doctors to understand more about the patients and overcome serious factors. We use Deep Learning methods to study the images and co-morbidities of diabetics with covid-19.


Author(s):  
Fadhlina Alias ◽  
Syaryanti Hussin

At the end of 2019, the world was shaken by the discovery of a new coronavirus strain (SARS-CoV-2), which was identified to be the source of the outbreak that originated in China. The outbreak, which was subsequently named COVID-19, was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation and has adversely affected and impacted upon many countries, not only from the aspects of medical and health care services, but also with respect to economic stability, financial management and social security. The treatment of COVID-19 patients is costly and involves limited resources, particularly in the case of critically ill patients who require mechanical ventilation. Thus, medical practitioners are faced with complex issues in justifying the distribution of health care resources to deserving patients. This article seeks to discuss the concept of justice in the distribution of health care resources from the bioethical and Islamic standpoints. The research employs the qualitative method of doctrinal analysis, which comprises primary and secondary sources relating to the principle of justice in contemporary medical ethics and from the sharīcah point of view. Findings of this study illustrate that there exist similarities between the two perspectives, which among others, include the agreed nexus between the allocation of scarce resources to patients and deliberations on the futility of medical treatment. Abstrak Pada penghujung tahun 2019, dunia digemparkan dengan penemuan strain coronavirus baru (SARS-CoV-2) yang dikenalpasti sebagai punca wabak absah yang bermula di China, yang kemudiannya dinamakan COVID-19. Wabak yang telah diisytiharkan sebagai pandemik oleh Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia ini menjejaskan dan memberi impak yang signifikan terhadap kelangsungan sesebuah negara bukan sahaja dari aspek perkhidmatan perubatan dan penjagaan kesihatan, tetapi juga dari segi kestabilan ekonomi, pengurusan kewangan dan keselamatan sosial. Rawatan pesakit COVID-19 melibatkan kos yang tinggi dan sumber yang terhad, terutamanya pesakit-pesakit kritikal yang memerlukan alat bantuan pernafasan. Oleh itu, pengamal perubatan berhadapan dengan isu-isu yang kompleks tentang kewajaran pengagihan sumber yang terhad kepada pesakit yang berhak. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengupas konsep keadilan dalam pengagihan sumber perubatan dari sudut pandangan bioetika dan bagaimana Islam menangani isu tersebut. Kajian ini mengaplikasi metode kualitatif iaitu analisa doktrin yang merujuk kepada sumber-sumber utama dan sekunder berkaitan prinsip keadilan di dalam etika perubatan moden dan dari sudut pandangan sharīcah. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat persamaan di antara kedua-dua perspektif tersebut, antaranya justifikasi pengagihan sumber perubatan yang terhad berkait rapat dengan pertimbangan tentang rawatan perubatan yang tidak membawa apa-apa manfaat (futile treatment).


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