Gender and Social Capital for Agricultural Development

English The condition of rural agriculture recently facing some big problems in particular the weakness of social capital, poverty and environmental degradation which are progressively on large scale. Vision of agricultural development 2025 is sustaining rural welfare which is characterized by highly competitive, equity and sustainable. One of very important agricultural policies is how to improve rural socio-culture regarding to most of rural people good opportunity in higher level of quality of life. Therefore, agricultural development 2025 will strongly require a comprehensive framework of socio-culture policy. There are five primary elements of socio-culture which must be developed in agricultural development 2025, that are human competency (or high quality of human capital), strong local leadership, value system, health agribusiness organization (and management) at village level, and equal social structure (being based on agrarian resources domination). It is highly recommend that framework of socio-culture policy is constructed by combination between time reference of change and level of society in one side, and elements of socio-culture which are being transformed in the other side. Social capital, such as rural law enforcement and governmental decentralization at rural level, have to be considered as the key to success in achieving rural community welfare. Some important aspects which must be paid attention to arrange good condition for running agriculture vision 2025 are to shift development orientation (from urban bias of non-agricultural resources based and footloose industrialization) toward rural industrialization base on local natural and human resources; agrarian reform base; strengthening of social control based on civil society; harmonization of partnership among government, rural-agricultural economic actors and community; and political arrangement which farmers have higher influence in political decision. Indonesian Pertanian pedesaan saat ini masih menghadapi tiga masalah besar, yaitu lemahnya modal sosial, kemiskinan dan kerusakan sumberdaya pertanian yang semakin membesar. Visi pembangunan pertanian 2025 yang sesuai adalah pertanian pedesaan yang berdaya saing tinggi, berkeadilan dan berkelanjutan. Salah satu kebijakan pembangunan pertanian yang penting adalah kebijakan pemberdayaan sosio-budaya pedesaan. Oleh karena itu pembangunan pertanian 2025 membutuhkan kerangka kebijakan sosio-budaya yang komprehensif. Ada lima elemen sosio-budaya utama yang harus dikembangkan, yaitu: kompetensi SDM, kepemimpinan lokal, tata nilai, keorganisasian (dan manajemen) usaha tingkat desa dan struktur sosial (berbasis penguasaan sumberdaya agraria). Kerangka kebijakan sosio-budaya mengacu pada kombinasi antara tingkat masyarakat dan jangka waktu di satu sisi, dan elemen sosio-budaya yang ditransformasikan di sisi lain. Modal sosial, seperti penegakan sistem hukum pedesaan dan desentralisasi pemerintahan hingga tingkat desa, harus dianggap sebagai kunci sukses pencapaian kesejahteraan masyarakat pertanian pedesaan berkelanjutan. Beberapa hal yang harus diperhatikan untuk mengkondisikan visi pertanian 2025 terwujud, yaitu: perlunya mengubah orientasi pembangunan (dari industrialisasi non-pertanian yang footloose dan bias kota) menjadi yang memihak pada industrialisasi pedesaan berbasis pertanian dan perbaikan sumberdaya agraria di pedesaan; pentingnya reformasi keagrariaan; pengembangan kekuatan kontrol masyarakat madani (civil society); sinergi (harmonis) atau partnership antara pemerintah, pelaku usaha pertanian di pedesaan dan masyarakat lokal; dan tatanan politik yang memberi posisi layak bagi petani pedesaan.

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Rural Social Capital versus European and Global Challenges (About "good" and "bad" Social Capital)

Eastern European Countryside ◽

10.2478/v10130-009-0007-3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 111-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Piotr Mikiewicz ◽

Krystyna Szafraniec

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Political Discourse ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Polish Academy ◽

Capital Social ◽

Social Differences ◽

Global Challenges ◽

Basic Understanding ◽

Academy Of Sciences

Rural Social Capital versus European and Global Challenges (About "good" and "bad" Social Capital)This text has two aims - to relate the results of research carried out in IRWiR PAN (Institute for Rural and Agricultural Development Polish Academy of Sciences) on rural social capital and achieve a useful social interpretation of those results referring to the theory of social capital. Social capital is nowadays becoming a very important element in academic and political discourse. It is seen as having the potential for greater efficiency in levelling social differences, improving the opportunities of rural inhabitants. No matter how popular and positive, social capital can be understood in various ways due to its various theoretical sources, it is also possible to point out its negative aspects. This text is an attempt at showing the nuances of how social capital works. The first part presents the basic understanding of the category discussed here. The second part is a presentation of the results of empirical research where interpretation was carried out in the light of earlier outlined concepts.

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CORRELATION OF SOCIAL CAPITAL AND POVERTY FARMERS IN ACEH

Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews ◽

10.18510/hssr.2020.813 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saifuddin Yunus ◽

Suadi Zainal ◽

Fadli Jalil ◽

Cut Maya Aprita Sari

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Social Capital ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Poverty Rate ◽

Poverty Level ◽

The Social ◽

The Government ◽

The Relationship

Purpose of the study: This study tried to examine the correlation between social capital and the poverty level of farmers in Aceh. It was linked to the uneven agricultural development of some rural areas in Aceh had caused the poverty rates in villages are higher than in the urban areas. Hence the social capital is important as other capitals in development and become the energies for the development and decreases the rate of poverty. Methodology: This research used a quantitative method by distributing the questionnaire to 300 respondents in Aceh Tamiang, Pidie Jaya and Aceh Tengah, Indonesia. The data analyzed by using the Spearman correlation with the assistance of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences to determining the relationship between two variables; social capital and poverty in farmers. Main Findings: This study found that there is a positive and significant correlation between social capital and the level of poverty. Famers who have a higher stock of social capital are found to be lower in the poverty rate. Applications of this study: The finding of this study is useful for the government of the Aceh government to explore and strengthen farmers' social capital to empowering their economies. It would be relevant to decreasing the poverty rate according to farmers in Aceh. Novelty/Originality of this study: The case of poverty in Aceh was widely explained by the numbers of the researcher. But there is no recent publication that has explained the relationship between poverty and social capital in Aceh. Therefore a strong level of social capital will be able to significantly reduce poverty in Aceh.

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The role of agricultural development cooperatives in establishing social capital

The Annals of Regional Science ◽

10.1007/s00168-019-00965-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yesim Kustepeli ◽

Yaprak Gulcan ◽

Muırat Yercan ◽

Batuhan Yıldırım

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Agricultural Development

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How Social Capital Affects the Quality Performance of Agricultural Products: Evidence from a Binary Perspective of China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10093009 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 3009

Author(s):

Shaoling Fu ◽

Hua Liu ◽

Kim Tan ◽

Yuanzhu Zhan ◽

Yalan Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Shared Values ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Significant Positive Effect ◽

Quality Performance ◽

Positive Effect

Improving the quality of agricultural products is the key factor in promoting agricultural development in the Belt and Road program. Although many studies have investigated the relationship between social capital and performance, the findings are inconsistent. Moreover, the mechanism of how social capital affects the quality performance of agricultural products remains unclear. Accordingly, this study developed a theoretical model with propositions from a social capital-quality performance of agricultural products paradigm for examining and comparing the three dimensions of social capital: The relationships among cognitive (measured by shared values), relational (measured by reciprocity) and structural (measured by communication), and their role in ensuring quality performance of agricultural products from the company and farmer perspectives. This study selected the companies and farmers in “A company + farmers” model. The data analysis is based on a sample of 184 companies and 414 farmers. The results show that shared values and communication have a significant positive effect on reciprocity. In terms of the influence on reciprocity, communication is higher than shared values from both the corporate and farmer perspectives. The three dimensions of social capital have different effects on quality performance of agricultural products. On the company side, communication and reciprocity in social capital have a significant positive effect on the quality performance of agricultural products, with the order of effect being communication first followed by reciprocity. On the farmer side, reciprocity and shared values have a significant positive effect on the quality performance of agricultural products, with the order of effect being reciprocity first followed by shared values. These findings have positive theoretical and practical significance for companies and farmers aiming to improve the quality of agricultural products.

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Pola Komunikasi dalam Pengembangan Modal Manusia dan Sosial Pertanian

Forum penelitian Agro Ekonomi ◽

10.21082/fae.v28n2.2010.135-158 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 135

Author(s):

Retno Sri Hartati Mulyandari ◽

Sumardjo Sumardjo ◽

Nurmala K. Pandjaitan ◽

Djuara P. Lubis

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Human Capital ◽

Knowledge Sharing ◽

Human Resource ◽

Common Sense ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

National Development ◽

Personal Relationships

English This paper aims to analyze the high quality of agricultural human capital and social indicators in improving the performance of national development and to formulate their communication patterns to support capacity building of human and social capital of agriculture in every line of agricultural development. The lack of agricultural human capital and social capital capacity is one of the constraints causing the accessibility limitation for Indonesian agriculture to face the global competition. The low farmer’s education attainment has caused a low capacity of farmers to manage information and to adopt new technology resulting the low products quality. At the extension level, the shortage number and quality of the extension workers has also contributed to that situation. Beside low of basic capability, most of the extension workers do not have adequate mental capacity, especially related to integrity, communication skills, and moral and ethical capacity. At the policy maker’s level, many local government institutions have no capacity to mapping agricultural resources along with their capability to make use of the available resources. With the high technical ability, agricultural human resource as a capital resource and as a social resource should have shared values and rules that expressed through personal relationships, trust, and common sense about the community responsibilities. To strengthen agricultural sector In supporting national development, agricultural sector need appropriate communication patterns for agricultural human resource improvement at each level of agricultural development. Such communication pattern should be based on the convergent-interaction communication through knowledge sharing model. This model is appropriate for both agricultural personnel and for farmers. Through active role of various institutions within the Ministry of Agriculture and with the help of modern information technology, a network to reach farmers could be achieved. The extension workers or village facilitators are required in the development of agricultural community because of its important function as problem analyst, group supervisor, trainers, innovators, and liaison officers. Indonesian Tulisan ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis indikator modal manusia dan sosial pertanian yang berkualitas dalam meningkatkan kinerja pembangunan nasional, dan merumuskan pola komunikasi untuk mendukung peningkatan kapasitas modal manusia dan sosial pertanian di setiap lini pembangunan pertanian. Keterbatasan kapasitas modal manusia dan sosial pertanian merupakan salah satu penyebab kurang mampunya pertanian Indonesia dalam menghadapi persaingan global. Rendahnya tingkat pendidikan petani menyebabkan kemampuan dalam mengolah informasi dan mengadopsi teknologi relatif sangat terbatas sehingga menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas rendah. Pada tingkat penyuluh, ketersediaannya di lapangan juga sangat terbatas jumlah dan kualitasnya. Selain kemampuan dasar yang masih rendah, sebagian besar penyuluh juga belum memiliki kapasitas mental yang memadai, khususnya terkait dengan integritas, kemampuannya dalam berkomunikasi, serta kapasitas moral dan etika. Sedangkan di tingkat pengambil kebijakan, masih banyak instansi daerah yang belum mampu memetakan sumber daya pertanian di daerah secara komprehensif dan memiliki kecermatan dalam membuat konsep pemanfaatannya. Selain memiliki kemampuan teknis yang tinggi, SDM pertanian sebagai modal manusia dan sosial pertanian juga harus memiliki dan berbagi nilai (shared values) serta pengorganisasian peran-peran (rules) yang diekspresikan dalam hubungan-hubungan personal (personal relationships), kepercayaan (trust), dan common sense tentang tanggung jawab komunitas (bersama). Agar sektor pertanian semakin kuat dalam mendukung pembangunan nasional, diperlukan pola komunikasi yang tepat untuk mendukung peningkatan kapasitas SDM pertanian di setiap lini pembangunan pertanian. Pola komunikasi dalam peningkatan kapasitas SDM pertanian dalam konsep sebagai modal manusia dan sosial yang unggul mengacu pada pola komunikasi interaksional konvergen melalui model berbagi pengetahuan (knowledge sharing model). Model ini tidak hanya sesuai untuk SDM dalam kategori aparatur pertanian, namun juga sesuai untuk petani. Peran aktif berbagai institusi dalam lingkup Departemen Pertanian yang diintegrasikan dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi, upaya untuk mewujudkan jaringan informasi bidang pertanian sampai di tingkat petani dapat diwujudkan. Fasilitator atau pendamping, khususnya penyuluh pertanian sangat dibutuhkan dalam pengembangan masyarakat karena mempunyai fungsi sebagai analis masalah, pembimbing kelompok, pelatih, inovator, dan penghubung.

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Social capital, shocks and livestock investments: evidence from Masaka District, Uganda

International Journal of Development Issues ◽

10.1108/ijdi-12-2013-0092 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 98-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Joseph Mawejje ◽

Stein Terje Holden

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Social Economic ◽

Rural Households ◽

Social Groups ◽

Content Type ◽

Group Activities ◽

Group Participation ◽

The People

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of a household's social capital in the form of community group participation and empirically analyses the roles that social capital plays in helping rural households rebuild productive assets after shocks. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, social capital is modelled as a household's intensity of group participation measured by the density and active participation in group activities as well as their multiplicative and additive indices. Instrumental variable methods were used to address the problem of endogeneity associated with social capital. Findings – The results indicate that household characteristics such as age, education level, dependence ratio and years of village residence as well as village-level characteristics such as the village population density are critical determinants of social capital. In addition, social capital measured in form of density of participation in group activities and attendance score as well as multiplicative and additive indices of these have significant positive effects on the household ability to rebuild livestock assets. Research limitations/implications – The authors realize that several weakness in the approach could compromise the validity of the findings. These weaknesses include: the cross-sectional nature of the data, the omitted variable bias, the endogeneity concerns of social capital and the identification strategy, sample size and the dimensions the authors chose to measure social capital. Future research should explore the factors that can help households to engage more in-group activities. Practical implications – The findings have important implications for government policy especially in areas of agricultural development and poverty reduction. Specifically, governments should pay close attention to the various social groups as they can serve as important channels to achieve better social economic outcomes, including the accumulation of rural assets, as is the case with livestock assets in rural Uganda. Social implications – Many governments in Sub-Saharan Africa are constrained to provide basic public goods to the people. This is due to a combination of limited budgets and lack of good leadership. In such circumstances, the people have to rely on their collective/social effort to take advantage of market opportunities. Such opportunities can be accessed using the existing social structures whose norms and the trust between members permit cooperation. Originality/value – The study contributes to a small but growing empirical literature on social groups and how they can mediate social economic outcomes especially for rural households. The empirical estimations take into consideration the endogeneity concerns associated with social network capital. The paper will be useful for policy makers and researchers who may have a keen interest in the roles that group activities play in agricultural development and poverty reduction.

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Building Social Capital and Leadership Skills for Sustainable Farmer Associations in Morocco

Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education ◽

10.5191/jiaee.2017.24203 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 35-49

Author(s):

Catherine M. Rasmussen ◽

Renee M. Pardello ◽

John R. Vreyens ◽

Scott Chazdon ◽

Somongkol Teng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Value Chain ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Leadership Skills ◽

Development Program ◽

Leadership Capacity ◽

University Of Minnesota ◽

Procedural Change ◽

Sustainable Value ◽

Rural Producers

Agricultural development in Morocco relies on the economic strength of the country’s rural regions. Recently, government programs have focused special attention on actions encouraging farmer associations and strengthening value-chains for agricultural commodities. Small rural producers, however, lack the leadership skills and strategic planning capabilities to accomplish this initiative. The Morocco Rural Leadership Program connects University of Minnesota Extension staff with faculty at the National School of Agriculture, Meknès (ENA) in Morocco to co-design and teach a leadership cohort program for farmers. Its intent is to build social capital for sustainable value-chain development. Program evaluation revealed that the program not only increased leadership capacity but also grew farmers’ social capital and led to behavioral and procedural change in farmer associations.

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Survei Ketahanan Petani Sekitar Kawasan Industri Pengolahan Nikel di Sulawesi Tenggara

Jurnal Ilmiah Membangun Desa dan Pertanian ◽

10.37149/jimdp.v6i3.18167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Iskandar Zainuddin Rela ◽

Musadar Mappasomba

Keyword(s):

Social Capital ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Mining Industry ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Community Resilience ◽

Community Competence ◽

Industrial Companies ◽

Nickel Mining ◽

The Government ◽

Nickel Industry

Exploration of mineral resources can encourage economic development and threaten the environment, health, ecosystem, and social comfort of the surrounding community. Therefore, through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities or other activities, industrial companies can balance negative impacts and strengthen sustainable development that can improve the resilience and welfare of the surrounding community. Therefore, this research aims to assess the community's resilience in supporting the sustainability of agricultural development. The research will be conducted in Morosi Subdistrict, Konawe Regency. The concept of community resilience and the theory of sustainability of growth became the basis of this study. This research was started by conducting literature studies in various reputable books and journals to determine community resilience dimensions. Finally, set 5 dimensions measuring community resilience and six indicators measure the sustainability of agricultural development. A total of 24 items are used to measure community resilience and six instruments to measure the sustainability of agricultural development. This research was conducted from October to December 2020. The study involved 295 respondents distributed to family heads in 10 villages adjacent to Nickel Industry activities. Descriptive Statistical Analysis is used to explain the level of resilience of the community. This study found that farmers' resilience was built due to the operation of the nickel industry at the research site, such as economic dimensions, social capital, environment, community competence, information, and communication. The dimensions of social capital, community competence, knowledge, and communication are considered high. In comparison, the economic and environmental aspects are relatively moderate. This dimension is expected to be one of the guidelines for the government in taking a policy of building farmers community' resilience for the sustainability of agricultural development, especially farmers around the Nickel mining industry.

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