Clinical Anti-Allergic Effects of African Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Extracts

2018 ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
Nlandu Roger Ngatu
Keyword(s):  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Biochemical effect of varied mixtures of extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Gnetum africanum (Okazi leaf) on alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
M.O. Ifeanacho ◽  
R.B Oshotse
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Biochemical Effect ◽  
Total Blood

Diabetes mellitus is prevalent in many countries of the world, affecting all ages both in developing and developed nations. The use of plants as remedies or preventive therapies has increased over the years. The study investigated the biochemical changes caused by  combined leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Gnetum africanum (okazi leaf) on alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats.Aqueous extracts of the leaves were prepared using the conventional method.Forty male wistar rats weighing 150-180g were  grouped into eight (five rats each). Group 1 was the normal control while diabetes was induced using alloxan (160mg/ kg)in groups 2-8.Group 2 received no treatment while groups 3-7 received varied ratios of the extracts at (BI/OK|10:90%), (BI/OK|30:70%),  (BI/OK|50:50%), (BI/OK|70:30%) and (BI/OK|90:10%). Group 8 was the diabetic control treated with the standard diabetic drug (Metformin). The animals were weighed and blood glucose was determined at 7-day intervals. They were sacrificed on the 28th day and blood samples collected for serum protein, serum electrolyte, urea, creatinine, liver enzymes and markers of oxidative stress analyses.  The results showed steady increase in the body weights (g) of the rats with (BI/OK|70:30)% treated group showing the highest increase (175.40±1.28). The fasting blood sugar (mg/dl) showed timedependent reduction in all the treated diabeti groups with (BI/OK|90:10)% having the highest (56.20±1.65) reduction. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in total blood protein concentration (g/dl) in all the treated groups. The results of this study showed time and ratio dependent effect on the parameters measured. Since the two plants are staple vegetables in some countries, their utilization particularly in appropriate combinations should be encouraged. Key words: Extracts, bitter leaf, waterleaf, diabetes mellitus, biochemical parameters.

Effects of pre-treatment with extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Vermonia amygdalina on proximate and organoleptic properties of processed Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
S.A. Ojukannaiye ◽  
L.A. Agbabiaka ◽  
I.I. Adedokun
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Fish Samples

The study evaluated nutritional and organoleptic properties of Clarias gariepinus pre-treated with aqueous leave extracts of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina before processing. Thirty-six (36) C. gariepinus (live weight = 1.2± 0.2kg) samples were procured and processed for the study. Fish samples were divided into three parts of twelve fish each. Each part was grouped into three treatments having four fish in each group using a completely randomized design. Treatment one (T1) had fish immersed in 5% brine without herbal extract (control). In Treatment two (T2), fish were soaked in mixture of 5% brine and 5% O. gratissium (scent leaf) extracts while Treatment three (T3) had fish soaked in mixture of 5% brine and 5% V. amygdalina (bitter leaf) extracts all for 30 minutes. Treated fish samples were smoke-dried using charcoal kiln for 5 hours at temperature of 80 – 90° C. Samples were then cooled under ambient condition (30+3oC) for 4 hours. The smoke-dried fish samples were labeled according to treatments and stored for 7 days under aseptic condition. Organoleptic properties of the samples were conducted at every 24-hour of storage using a 9-point hedonic scale. Mean values of proximate composition of samples were significantly different (p<0.05). Protein content (70.01%) in T3 was higher than 68.31% and 66.62% in T2 and T1 respectively. Similarly, fat (5.12%) and ash (4.68%) levels for T3 were higher than 4.85% and 4.46% fat with 4.36% and 3.98% ash contents for T2 and T1 respectively. Results of mean scores for each organoleptic property decreased significantly (p<0.05) during storage period with no consistent trend in score pattern. Keywords: Clarias gariepinus, extract pretreatment, Ocimum gratissimum, organoleptic, Vernonia amygdalina.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Effect of Young and Old Ethanolic Leaf Extracts ofVernonia amygdalina: A Comparative Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Du-Bois Asante ◽  
Emmanuel Effah-Yeboah ◽  
Precious Barnes ◽  
Heckel Amoabeng Abban ◽  
Elvis Ofori Ameyaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

The young leaves ofVernonia amygdalinaare often utilized as vegetable and for medicinal purpose compared to the old leaves. This study was designed to evaluate and compare the antidiabetic effects between ethanolic leaf extracts of old and youngV. amygdalinaon streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat for four weeks. Preliminary screening of both young and old ethanolic extracts revealed the presence of the same phytochemicals except flavonoids which was only present in the oldV. amygdalina. Difference in antioxidant power between the young and old leaf extracts was statistically significant (p<0.05). Both leaf extracts produced a significant (p<0.05) antihyperglycaemic effect. Also results from treated rats revealed increasing effect in some haematological parameters. Similarly, the higher dose (300 mg/kg) of both extracts significantly (p<0.05) reduced serum ALT, AST, and ALP levels as compared to the diabetic control rats. Results also showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in LDL-C and VLDL-C in the extract-treated rats with a corresponding increase in HDL-C, as compared to the diabetic control rats. Moreover histopathological analysis revealed ameliorative effect of pathological insults induced by the STZ in the pancreas, liver, and spleen, most significantly the regeneration of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in treated rats.

scholarly journals Corrigendum to “Antidiabetic Effect of Young and Old Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Vernonia amygdalina: A Comparative Study”

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Du-Bois Asante ◽  
Emmanuel Effah-Yeboah ◽  
Precious Barnes ◽  
Heckel Amoabeng Abban ◽  
Elvis Ofori Ameyaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activityof Aqueous And Ethanolic Leaf Extracts Of Vernonia Amygdalina On Selected Species Of Gram Positive And Gram Negative Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Bukar ◽  
MA Isa ◽  
HS Bello ◽  
AS Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Species

The phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of ethanolic and Methanolic leaves extract of Vernonia amygdalina against five clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas species, Salmonella species and Proteus species) was determined using standard method of analysis. The results of the antibacterial activity of ethanol, methanol and aqueous extract of leaves of V. amygdalina have diameters ranging between 0.4 to 10mm. The plant extracts from the plants had profound activities against gram-positive than gram negative bacteria. From the above studies, it has clearly indicated that V. amygdalina extract may represent new sources of antibacterial drug, if the phytoactive components are purified and proper dosage are determined for administration. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 147-152 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9217

scholarly journals Comparative Profiling of Solvent-mediated Phytochemical Expressions in Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina Leaf Tissues via FTIR Spectroscopy and Colorimetric Assays

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Josephine Oluwagbemisola Tella ◽  
Saheed Oluwasina Oseni
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Tissue Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Extraction Solvents ◽  
Colorimetric Assays

Objective: The beneficial role of extraction solvents is often ignored, yet very important in enhancing the therapeutic potential of plant extracts. This study was carried out to comparatively characterize and profile the bioactive phytochemical compounds expressed in different solvent-fractions of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts using both colorimetric phytochemical screening assays and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Methods: Qualitative colorimetric assays were carried out on different solvent-fractions of leaf tissue extracts from both plants to determine the comparative expression profiles of bioactive phytochemical compounds with medicinal importance such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phlobatannins, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and reducing sugars. FTIR spectroscopy was used to characterize, and profile the presence of these compounds based on functional groups such as alcohols (O-H), saturated hydrocarbons (C-H), aliphatic fluoro (C-F), bromo (C-Br) and chloro (C-Cl) compounds, organic sulfates (S=O), esters, ethers, carboxylic acids (C-O), aromatic amines, methane nitriles (C-N), ketones, aldehydes, quinones (C=O), sulfur compounds (C=S), primary and secondary amines (N-H) with bioactive properties in the different solvent-fractions. Results: Data were generated for methanol, n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, n-butanol and aqueous solvent-fractions of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts. We have generated solvent-mediated phytochemical expression profiles for leaf tissue extracts of both plants based on the phytochemistry of their secondary metabolites. The methanolic solvent-fraction expressed the most phytochemicals in both plants. Conclusion: This study has revitalized the importance of extraction solvents in optimizing phytochemical bioavailability in plant tissues. This may be responsible for variation in medicinal and biological activities reported in prior studies. 

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