Cataract with Infective Etiology

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Chirakshi Dhull ◽  
Sudarshan Kumar Khokhar
Keyword(s):  
Infective Etiology

scholarly journals Epidemiological Profile of Skin Diseases in a Tertiary Hospital of Kathmandu: An Annual Census

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Sushil Paudel ◽  
Rabindra Sharma ◽  
Sudip Dahal ◽  
Indu Acharya Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Urticaria ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Disease Patterns ◽  
Common Diagnosis ◽  
Epidemiological Profile ◽  
Infective Etiology ◽  
Ethical Clearance

Introduction: Skin diseases are eighth most common reasons for outpatient in Nepal, and fourth cause of disability globally. Skin diseases varies with the reason, season and socioeconomic status. As the socioeconomic conditions are changing, so are the disease patterns. We planned to report the current trend of skin diseases in Kathmandu and compare with similar studies in past. Materials and methods: Outpatient department records of Civil Service Hospital from the year 2075 Bikram Sambat were reviewed after ethical clearance from institution review committee and were analyzed after tabulation. Results: Total number of cases were 9886 (4.51% of total hospital attendance). In total 8097 cases were new, males were 4218 (52.1%) and females 3879 (47.9%). Most common diagnosis was eczemas (18.47%), followed by dermatophytosis (15.29%). Eczemas, chronic urticaria, psoriasis and lichen planus were more common in the adult population of more than 30 years. While infections and acne were more common in young adults, 15-30 years, in both the sexes. Tinea was common during summer and so was scabies in males, while in females, melasma peaked in summer and chronic urticaria during spring and winter. Conclusion: The pattern of skin diseases is changing with the time. Diseases of possible allergic and immunologic etiology are increasing and diseases with infective etiology are still a huge burden on society.

scholarly journals Pediatric Optic Neuritis: Description of Four Cases and Review of the Literature

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 855
Author(s):  
Anna Presicci ◽  
Maria Serra ◽  
Mariaclara Achille ◽  
Elvita Caputo ◽  
Lucia Margari
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Careful Evaluation ◽  
Demyelinating Disorders ◽  
Infective Etiology

Pediatric optic neuritis (PON) may be a clinically isolated and self-limiting event or may present in the context of underlying neurologic, infective, or systemic disease. PON has a high impact on the quality of life as it may or may not evolve into other acquired demyelinating syndromes (ADSs), such as multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO), or other syndromes related to the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein IgG antibodies (MOG-IgG). These different PON phenotypes present variable clinical and radiological features, plasma and liquor biomarkers, and prognosis. We describe four pediatric cases presenting clinically with ON, with different etiopathogenetic pictures: one case had a probable infective etiology, while the others were associated with different demyelinating disorders (MS, NMO, syndrome related to MOG-IgG). We discuss the possible evolution of presenting ON in other ADSs, based on recent literature. A careful evaluation of the clinical and investigation findings and the natural course of PON is necessary to define its pathogenic pathway and evolution. Further prolonged follow-up studies are needed to highlight the predictors of PON evolution, its potential sequelae, and the best treatment options.

scholarly journals Evaluation of clinico-epidemiological factors and outcome of COVID-19 disease in perinatal period

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1515
Author(s):  
Suchita V. Dabhadkar ◽  
Vaishali S. Taralekar ◽  
Mahima R. A. ◽  
Salil D. Barsode ◽  
Pooja S. Kale
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Infective Etiology ◽  
Disease Community

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is well accepted that pregnant women are at increased risk of infections, morbidity from known respiratory viruses like H1N1, varicella, influenza. COVID-19, a virus from the same family poses a greater and influential risk to the health of our mothers and their babies. Raised concerns of pregnant women, being physiologically immunocompromised with associated comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, anemia is very challenging for the obstetrician to conquer.Methods: We tested 405 pregnant women for PCR SARS CoV-2 during the pandemic out of which 59 pregnant women turned out to be positive, and were included in the study analysis. These women had singleton live pregnancy beyond 37 weeks and opted for in patient management. Study participants did not have any known obstetric complications.Results: 81% of women were delivered by cesearean section, indication being premature rupture of membranes and anhydramnios in 45 % of women reflecting the infective etiology of the disease. 60% women were asymptomatic, yet positive for the disease. Community spread was seen in 75% of the women. No ICU admissions were recorded.Conclusions: The substantial impact on the vulnerable groups like pregnancy has necessitated need for further studies and research and to build more service models as frontline obstetric COVID health care workers. 

scholarly journals Study of genital dermatoses in pregnant females attending a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Seeniammal Sivanu ◽  
Maalik Babu ◽  
Soundharyaa Moorthi Savadamoorthi
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
One Year ◽  
Infective Etiology

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sexually transmitted infections (STI) prevalence in pregnancy is high and causes severe risk of transmission to the newborn. Usually they are asymptomatic and underdiagnosed. Most common STI’s are VVC, HPV, genital herpes, HIV, etc.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A hospital-based cross-sectional study was done for a period of one year (September 2017- August 2018) and 31 pregnant genital dermatoses were encountered.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Among 31, infective etiology was seen in 15 cases (48%), non-infective etiology was seen in 3 cases (10%) and no STI’s were seen in 13 patients (42%). Vulvovaginal candidiasis was most common among pregnant females in 9 patients (60%) followed by genital warts in 3 patients (20%) followed by molluscum contagiosum, herpes genitalis and oral candidiasis in one patient (7%) respectively among infective etiology. Non-infective causes include vulval lymphangiectasia, epidermoid cyst and vascular swelling in one patient respectively (33.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Screening of antenatal cases is more important to prevent complications. </p>

scholarly journals The role of intraoperative scrape cytology in vertebroplasty

CytoJournal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renuka Venkata Inuganti ◽  
Rami Reddy Mettu ◽  
Harsha Vardhan Surath ◽  
Amarnath Surath
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Vertebral Compression Fractures ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Neoplastic Lesions ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Scrape Cytology ◽  
Infective Etiology

Aims: To assess the adequacy of intraoperative scrape cytology during percutaneous vertebroplasty by correlating results with corresponding histopathology. Settings and Design: Vertebroplasty is a procedure increasingly used to treat painful vertebral compression fractures. The history and presentation of osteoporotic fractures are straightforward, but difficulty arises in differentiating infective from neoplastic lesions, especially in cases where the magnetic resonance imaging is equivocal. The procedure involves injection of polymethyl methacrylate (bone cement) into the pathological vertebral body and gives dramatic pain relief. It is indicated in osteoporotic and neoplastic lesions but contraindicated in infections. Hence, intraoperative evaluation of a specimen is essential to aid in the decision of performing vertebroplasty. Subjects and Methods: A total of 128 patients with vertebral lesions underwent core biopsy and scrape cytology from June 2006 to June 2015. Based on the findings of cytological examination, malignant lesions were subjected to vertebroplasty. In lesions with infective etiology, vertebroplasty was abandoned and antibiotic or antituberculous therapy started. Results: The overall diagnostic accuracy of scrape cytology was excellent with 97.58% cases correlating with the final histopathological diagnosis. Specificity was 100%, positive predictive value was 100% and negative predictive value was 33.33%. Conclusion: Scrape cytology is a simple, rapid, accurate cytodiagnostic technique and should be routinely utilized in vertebral lesions for intraoperative consultation and decision making during vertebroplasty.

scholarly journals A rare case of left sided trans-mediastinal herniation of right lung, its management and review of literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2058
Author(s):  
Dinesh Prasad ◽  
Kesha C. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Pleural Space ◽  
Empyema Thoracis ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Normal Position ◽  
Hernia Sac ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Infective Etiology

Mediastinal herniation can occur either due to traction as in the case of lung shrinkage in tuberculosis and chronic bronchostenosis or pulsion as a result of hydropneumothorax, empyema necessitans, and chronic infective etiology. We are reporting a case of left sided trans-mediastinal herniation of right lung in a patient with underlying right pulmonary tuberculosis, presenting with empyema thoracis. Empyema thoracis in pulmonary tuberculosis may either be a cause of trans-mediastinal herniation of lung or be a co-existent condition when the herniation occurs due to hydropneumothorax. Due to the presence of infection in pleural space, a prosthesis cannot be used. Due to the proximity of hernia sac to heart and major vessels, its plication is better avoided. Hence, treatment of such a case can be done by applying negative pressure for a few post-operative days till the dead space has been obliterated. Trans-mediastinal herniation of lung with underlying empyema thoracis requiring decortication can be successfully treated with the application of intermittent strong negative pressure (after completing decortication) in the pleaural cavity near mediastinum to gradually deliver the herniated lung to its normal position followed by application of negative pressure in the post op period  through one of the ICDTs (intercostal drainage tubes) to avoid unnecessary post-operative complications or reherniation.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological Study of Subcutaneous Heminthicnodules : Unusual Sites and Diagnostic Dilemmas

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 1039-1046
Author(s):  
Varun Kumar Singh ◽  
Koushiki Bhattacharjee ◽  
Padmapriya Jaiprakash
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Zoonotic Infection ◽  
Tissue Eosinophilia ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Infective Etiology

Introduction: Superficial palpable swellings with helmintic infection as an underlying etiology is usually an accidental finding in the surgically excised specimens. Somatic nematodes and cestodes are the commonly implicated organisms, and the zoonotic nematodes show an emerging trend. The present study aims to reappraise the histopathological findings of helminthic etiology in superficial swellings which were clinically suspected to be of neoplastic/non neoplastic nature. Materials and methods: Thirty six cases of palpable superficial nodules with infective etiology over a period of five years were reviewed. 19/36 were of helminthic etiology were included in the present study. Pertinent demographic and clinical data were retrieved from the medical archives. Results: Amongst the 19 cases, 8 were males and 11 females. Chest wall (4/19), and eyelids (3/19) were the most common sites involved. The size ranged from 0.8-15 cm in greatest dimension. Presence of histiocytes (13/19), granulomas (11/19), eosinophils (10/19), and giant cells (9/19) were the most consistent histological findings. 14 cases had discernible parasite morphology with diagnosis of filarial worms (7/19), Dirofilaria (3/19), cysticercosis (4/19), and hydatid cyst (1/19). Four cases had dead and calcified parasites with no discernible morphology. Conclusion: Granulomatous inflammation and tissue eosinophilia are strong indicators of a parasitic etiology. Subcutaneous and intramuscular filariasis, cysticercosis and hydatid cyst are well documented etoiologies whereas Dirofilariasis is an emerging zoonotic infection with worldwide case reports. Imaging techniques and fine needle aspiration can point towards the diagnosis; however in the absence of characteristic features, histopathology can be relied upon to diagnose a helminthicetiology.

A rare case of chickenpox induced myoclonus

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
Navgeet Mathur ◽  
Medha Mathur ◽  
Anjana Verma
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
The Body ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Neurological Features ◽  
Infective Etiology ◽  
Csf Examination

In presence of abnormal neurological features, infective etiology should be kept as one of the differential diagnoses. This case report was about 38 years old male patient who presented with fever with blister-like rashes in centripetal distribution over the body and myoclonus. CSF examination showed the presence of varicella-zoster Ig M antibodies. Diagnosis of chickenpox induced myoclonus was made. Appropriate treatment recovered the patient completely. This case report highlighted the clinical spectrum of chickenpox as well as the possible pathogenesis and diagnostic, therapeutic approach of this uncommon entity.

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