Beijing Long-Young Technology Co., Ltd. v. Wuhan Sanyuan Special Building Materials Co., Ltd. (Disputes over Unfair Competition)—The Difference Between “Unique Name of a Well-Known Commodity” and “Distinctiveness of a Trademark”

2019 ◽  
pp. 315-323
Author(s):  
Xia Luo
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Unfair Competition ◽  
The Difference

scholarly journals Numerical Network Modeling of Heat and Moisture Transfer through Capillary-Porous Building Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Borys Basok ◽  
Borys Davydenko ◽  
Anatoliy M. Pavlenko
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Three Dimensional Coordinate ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Heat And Moisture

The article presents the modeling of the dynamics of the vapor-gas mixture and heat and mass transfer (sorption-desorption) in the capillary structure of the porous medium. This approach is underpinned by the fact that the porous structure is represented by a system of linear microchannels oriented along the axes of a three-dimensional coordinate system. The equivalent diameter of these channels corresponds to the average pore diameter, and the ratio of the total pore volume to the volume of the entire porous material corresponds to its porosity. The entire channel area is modeled by a set of cubic elements with a certain humidity, moisture content, pressure and temperature. A simulation is carried out taking into account the difference in temperatures of each of the phases: solid, liquid and gas.

Study of the Process of Self-Ignition of Coniferous Wood Samples

2019 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
Olga Vyacheslavovna Chumakova
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Spontaneous Combustion ◽  
Thermal Action ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Coniferous Wood

The purpose of this work is to study the processes of spontaneous combustion of coniferous wood samples using a standard installation for determining the flammability classes of building materials "VSM", the study of the difference in the behavior of wood samples of different species under thermal action.

Granule Morphology of Supplementary Cementitious Materials under Different Cooling Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 694-699
Author(s):  
Zai Bo Li ◽  
Xu Guang Zhao ◽  
San Yin Zhao ◽  
Tu Sheng He
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Basic Oxygen ◽  
Means Of Measurement ◽  
Granule Morphology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basic Oxygen Furnace Slag

Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) , a mass supplementary cementitious materials, can be used as an active additive in building materials. The work present the result of granule morphology of two kinds of BOFS powder, cooled by water quenching (BOFS-W) and air splashing method(BOFS-A). Micrographs of two kinds of BOFS powder were observed with a scan electron microscope (SEM), then, length of major axis and minor axis of two-dimension projective outline of every granule in these SEM micrographs was measured manually and their ratio (RLB) was used to represent the granule sphericity. Each BOFS powder was divided into 6 parts with different granularity range. By means of measurement and statistical analysis, the average RLB value of granules with different granularity grade was obtained and the relation between size and sphericity of granule was explored. Result showed that BOFS-W is superior to BOFS-A in sphericity of granule. According to different granularity grade, statistical average values of RLB of BOFS-W and BOFS-A range 1.422-1.496 and 1.490-1.647, respectively. The difference of BOFS-W and BOFS-A on granule sphericity mainly is reflected in coarse granule.

Green Building Materials in the Building of Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 4197-4200
Author(s):  
Ji Ke
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Green Building Materials ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions ◽  
The Development Trend ◽  
Selection Of

This article discusses the connotation of green building materials and basic characteristics, and analyzes the difference between green building materials and green products. Summarize the selection of green building materials, and to judge the development trend of green building materials in China. Finally, the author gives some countermeasures and suggestions on the healthy development of China's green building materials industry.

Review on Inventory Controlling of Building Materials Supply Chain from Uncertainty Demands in Civil Engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 3441-3443
Author(s):  
Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Simulated Annealing Algorithm ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Inventory Cost ◽  
Inventory Costs ◽  
Total Inventory ◽  
Annealing Algorithm ◽  
The Difference

Inventory control is a necessary strategy that enterprises use to offset the effect of uncertainties in manufacturing, supply and demand. Normally, probability distribution is used to analyze the uncertainty problems, however, this analysis can’t be completed with inadequate data, resulting in an increase in inventory costs. The paper establishes inventory cost models of single supply chain member under uncertainty demands and applies Simulated Annealing Algorithm to imitate the models in 52 weeks to seek for the optimal speaking for amount and anew speaking for point so that compares the difference of supply chain total inventory cost and the sufficing rate of order for goods between independently and collaborated controlling strategy in supply chain, and in order to provide the necessary theoretical supports for the enterprises to establish supply chain partnerships and possibly improve the supply chain capability of providing external integration.

scholarly journals A New Planar Microwave Sensor for Building Materials Complex Permittivity Characterization

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6328
Author(s):  
João G. D. Oliveira ◽  
José G. Duarte Junior ◽  
Erica N. M. G. Pinto ◽  
Valdemir P. Silva Neto ◽  
Adaildo G. D’Assunção
Keyword(s):  
Relative Permittivity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Scattering Parameters ◽  
Microwave Sensor ◽  
Sensor Structure ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
The Difference

A new microwave sensor is proposed to characterize the complex relative permittivity of building non-magnetic materials and used in the characterization of three concrete samples. The proposed sensor structure consists of a log-periodic planar antenna with microstrip elements tilted forward by an angle β and printed, alternately, on the top and bottom sides of a dielectric layer. The operation principle is based on the measurement of the scattering parameters S11 and S21 in a free space propagation transmitter-receiver setup, for both cases with the material under test (MUT) sample (non-line-of-sight, NLOS) and without it (line-of-sight, LOS). A prototype is fabricated and measured to determine the scattering parameters of concrete samples. After measurements, the obtained results are used in the efficient and accurate Nicolson–Ross–Weir (NRW) method, making it possible to estimate the values of the complex relative permittivity of the concrete blocks. The sensor design is demonstrated from initial simulations to measurements for validation of the developed prototype. The obtained results for the complex relative permittivity of concrete are in agreement with those available in the literature and the difference between the simulated and measurement results for the sensor antenna resonant frequency is 4.71%. The used measurement setup can be applied to characterize different types of solid or liquid dielectric materials.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF DETERMINING THE MARKET PRICE OF CONSTRUCTION RESOURCES WITHIN THE LIMITED BUDGET

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Serhii Sichnyi
Keyword(s):  
Discrete Optimization ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Limited Budget ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Given ◽  
Initial List

The article examines the analysis of current prices in the market of building materials, products, structures, machines, and mechanisms (construction resources), which is performed by construction participants. The aim of the article is to study the possibility of achieving the maximum economic effect of the analysis of current prices in the market of construction resources within a limited budget. A universal mathematical approach is proposed to calculate the economic effect of the analysis of current prices in the market of construction resources, which is based on a selective method of the research of the market value of construction resources. The calculations take into account the difference between the real resources presented on the market and the estimated construction resources (resource position of the estimate), between the market price and the estimated market price of the construction resource. While performing the analysis of current prices on the market of construction resources in the given conditions of the limited budget the option to reduce the general list of resources by a selection of the optimum list with an application of methods of discrete optimization is offered. The condition for the formation of an abbreviated list of resources is the maximum economic effect that can be obtained from the analysis of current prices for selected resources. Method of heuristic rules is proposed, which allow to significantly reducing the initial list of resources by a simple analysis of input data. The application of these rules allows to reduce the variability of input data for discrete optimization or not to carry it out at all, because the amount of resources selected with their help satisfies the condition of the budget constraint. Recommendations on the composition of the source data are given – this is the project documentation and/or the market price of construction resources as a basis for comparison and information on the range of market prices (scope of sample variation) for the resources included in the study. In the article there are given examples of the practical application of the technique in the conditions of the construction industry in Ukraine. In general, the proposed approach can be used at all stages of variant BIMdesign, when it is necessary to determine the most optimal composition of structures and resources that meet the requirements for the life cycle of the object. Including under the condition of gradual detailing of constructs (an increase of LOD of the project), during designing, up to resources at a stage “Working project”. The main advantages of the proposed method are universality – it does not depend on the ultimate goal of the results of the customer and / or contractor and scalability – it can be applied to the structure, its individual design, or several resources.

scholarly journals 3D-ADDITIVE BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES. THEORY AND PRACTICE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
E. Glagolev
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Breaking Load ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
The Difference

The results of the study of the theoretical foundations of the manufacture of building materials using 3D printing based on composite binders with various molding methods and their practical testing on prototypes of fine-grained concrete are presented. The principles of regulating the structure and properties of composites through the use of a mineral modifier for the construction of high-rise building objects using 3D-additive technology are considered. The influence of the characteristics of the raw material components on the properties of the obtained composite is shown. The structure formation of the hardening cement-containing system in the presence of a mineral modifier proceeds more intensively due to the high specific surface area and energy capacity of the components, which is an active mineral additive and the basis for the crystal formation of new hydrate compounds. The difference in the strength characteristics of the printed wall is due to the direction of the sample cut. Applying a breaking load along the direction of forming of a 3D printer gives a slightly higher strength than perpendicular to the direction of forming. This phenomenon can be explained by the shape of the layer after solidification of the mixture, which is an ellipse in cross section

scholarly journals Effect of moisture buffering on surface temperature variation: study of different indoor cladding materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Clémence Legros ◽  
Amandine Piot ◽  
Monika Woloszyn ◽  
Mickael Pailha
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Comfort Perception ◽  
Lower Surface Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Surface Temperature Variation ◽  
Moisture Buffering

The building materials used indoors constantly interact with the environment in which the occupants live. Recent studies have shown that natural materials, such as wood, can improve human well-being. In addition, the building materials facing the indoor air are able to adsorb and desorb water vapour from their surface and exchange it with the surrounding air. This mass exchange comes along with heat exchange, modifying their surface temperature, and thus the indoor environment. Therefore, in this article, we are investigating whether moisture buffering has an impact on comfort. For this purpose, room-scale numerical simulations have been carried out with WUFI Plus, comparing two types of interior cladding materials: painted plasterboards and a raw spruce panelling. The results show a slightly lower surface temperature and air temperature during the summer period when using spruce. A higher hygroscopicity of the spruce than the gypsum can explain this difference in behaviour between the two studied materials. Thus, spruce exchanges more latent heat with the surrounding air. However, only this thermal difference cannot explain the difference in comfort perception between the gypsum and the wood.

scholarly journals Assembly Building Material Management Method Based on BIM Technology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinhua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Materials Management ◽  
Material Management ◽  
Construction Stage ◽  
Management Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Prefabricated Building

Abstract The primary goal of material management is to reasonably arrange the use of materials, which is particularly important for the construction industry. In the process of material management, on the premise of meeting the requirements of production and construction materials, try not to increase additional inventory and reduce the amount of capital. In order to explore the method of prefabricated building material management, this paper uses the method of sampling survey and sand table simulation technology to compare the prefabricated building material management based on BIM Technology with the conventional method. We make a comparative study on the procurement, warehouse and material quality of materials, mainly focusing on the production stage and construction stage of the building, and analyze the difference of material management between the two technical methods in different stages. Through experiments, we find that the average inventory turnover times of the BIM based prefabricated building materials management method is 6, and that of the conventional method is 4, but in the construction stage, the gap between the two is narrowed. The turnover times of the prefabricated building material management method based on BIM Technology is reduced to 3, and that of the conventional method is reduced to 2. It can be seen that the prefabricated building material management based on BIM Technology can reduce the capital use and warehouse occupancy rate more than the conventional method, and at the same time, the quality control of materials is also better.

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