Potassium Ion Homeostasis, Signaling, and Changes in Transcriptomes and Metabolomes Enduring Salinity Stress

2022 ◽  
pp. 201-219
Author(s):  
Amrit Lal Singh ◽  
Sushmita Singh ◽  
Kirti Rani ◽  
Kiran Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Potassium Ion

scholarly journals Accumulation of Phenylpropanoids in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) under Salt Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Su Kim ◽  
Soon-Jae Kwon ◽  
Do Manh Cuong ◽  
Jin Jeon ◽  
Jong Seok Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Tartary Buckwheat ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Ion Imbalance

Salinity stress affects plants by reducing the water potential and causing ion imbalance or disturbances in ion homeostasis and toxicity. Salinity stress frequently causes both osmotic and ionic stress in plants, resulting in the increase or decrease of certain secondary metabolites in plants. In this study, the effect of NaCl treatment on the nutritional quality of tartary buckwheat plants was studied by conducting an HPLC analysis of phenylpropanoid and anthocyanin content. It was observed that there was no significant change of color in tartary buckwheat during salt treatment. The accumulation of most phenylpropanoid compounds increased slightly in response to the NaCl concentration. The total phenylpropanoid content in tartary buckwheat was the highest at 100 mM NaCl treatment. Seven-day-old wheat plantlets treated with 100 mM NaCl for 2, 4, 6, and 8 days showed the highest accumulation of total phenylpropanoids at day 8 after treatment, while the content of most phenylpropanoids was higher than that in the control during this period. Although the development of tartary buckwheat slightly decreased with NaCl treatment and the accumulation of anthocyanin compounds did not change in plants with a diffident NaCl concentration and time treatment, the results suggest that the salinity treatment of tartary buckwheat causes antioxidant activity improvement by inducing an accumulation of flavonoid and phenolic compounds. However, since the anthocyanin content did not increase, the antioxidant effect of the treatment is not expected to be significant.

scholarly journals Burkholderia Phytofirmans PsJN Stimulate Growth and Yield of Quinoa under Salinity Stress

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aizheng Yang ◽  
Saqib Saleem Akhtar ◽  
Qiang Fu ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Shahid Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
World Population ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Burkholderia Phytofirmans Psjn

One of the major challenges in agriculture is to ensure sufficient and healthy food availability for the increasing world population in near future. This requires maintaining sustainable cultivation of crop plants under varying environmental stresses. Among these stresses, salinity is the second most abundant threat worldwide after drought. One of the promising strategies to mitigate salinity stress is to cultivate halotolerant crops such as quinoa. Under high salinity, performance can be improved by plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). Among PGPB, endophytic bacteria are considered better in stimulating plant growth compared to rhizosphere bacteria because of their ability to colonize both in plant rhizosphere and plant interior. Therefore, in the current study, a pot experiment was conducted in a controlled greenhouse to investigate the effects of endophytic bacteria i.e., Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN on improving growth, physiology and yield of quinoa under salinity stress. At six leaves stage, plants were irrigated with saline water having either 0 (control) or 400 mM NaCl. The results indicated that plants inoculated with PsJN mitigated the negative effects of salinity on quinoa resulting in increased shoot biomass, grain weight and grain yield by 12%, 18% and 41% respectively, over un-inoculated control. Moreover, inoculation with PsJN improved osmotic adjustment and ion homeostasis ability. In addition, leaves were also characterized for five key reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzyme in response to PsJN treatment. This showed higher activity of catalase (CAT) and dehydroascobate reductase (DHAR) in PsJN-treated plants. These findings suggest that inoculation of quinoa seeds with Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN could be used for stimulating growth and yield of quinoa in highly salt-affected soils.

scholarly journals A proteomic approach to understand the impact of nodulation on salinity stress response in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafang Wang ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Tianming Hu ◽  
Yajun Wu ◽  
Peizhi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Legume Symbiosis ◽  
Symbiotic Relation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation

Abstract Background Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes is an important source of nitrogen supply in sustainable agriculture. Salinity is a key abiotic stress that negatively affects host plant growth, rhizobium-legume symbiosis and nitrogen fixation.Results To explore how the symbiotic relation impacts plant response to salinity, we assayed the proteome profile of alfalfa plants with active nodules (NA), inactive nodules (NI) or without nodules (NN) when plants were subjected to salinity stress. Our data suggested that NA plants respond to salinity stress through some unique signaling regulations. NA plants showed an upregulation of proteins related to cell wall remodeling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and a down-regulation of proteins involved in protein synthesis and degradation. The data also showed that NA plants, together with NI plants, upregulated proteins in photosynthesis, carbon fixation and respiration, anion transport, and plant defense to pathogens.Conclusions The data suggest that the symbiotic relations conferred the host plant a better capacity to adjust the key processes, probably to more efficiently use energy and resources, deal with oxidative stress, and maintain ion homeostasis and healthy status during salinity stress.

Brain potassium ion homeostasis, anoxia, and metabolic inhibition in turtles and rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. R281-R288 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Sick ◽  
M. Rosenthal ◽  
J. C. LaManna ◽  
P. L. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Rat Brain ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Tension ◽  
Extracellular Potassium ◽  
Tissue Oxygen ◽  
Cytochrome Aa3 ◽  
The Brain

Microelectrode measurements of tissue oxygen tension (PtO2) and extracellular potassium ion concentration ([K+]o) and dual wavelength spectrophotometric measurements of the reduction/oxidation state of cytochrome aa3 were used to compare the resistance of turtle and rat brain to anoxia in vivo. In both species, respiration with 100% N2 resulted in a decrease of tissue oxygen tension to near 0 mmHg and reduction of cytochrome aa3. However, N2 respiration resulted in only moderate elevation of [K+]o in turtle bran while [K+]o in rat brain was elevated to levels greater than 50 mM. In addition, N2 respiration in turtles had no effect on the rate of recovery of [K+]o, which was elevated by direct electrical stimulation of the brain. Electrocorticographic activity (ECoG) of the turtle brain was only moderately depressed during N2 respiration for up to 4 h whereas the ECoG of rat brain became isoelectric within 1 min. Inhibition of glycolysis with iodoacetate (IAA) resulted in rapid elevation of [K+]o in turtle brain during anoxia, but IAA had little effect on [K+]o during normoxia. These results indicate that the remarkable resistance of the diving turtle to anoxia does not result from continued provision of oxygen to the brain either by redistribution of systemic blood flow or from blood O2 storage. In addition, the turtle brain does not rely on cellular stores of high-energy compounds for maintenance of ionic homeostasis. We conclude that potassium ion homeostasis in the anoxic turtle brain must result from increased glycolytic ATP production and from decreased energy utilization.

scholarly journals The Use of Red Shade Nets Improves Growth in Salinized Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Plants by Regulating Their Ion Homeostasis and Hormone Balance

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1766
Author(s):  
Amparo Gálvez ◽  
Alfonso Albacete ◽  
Francisco M. del Amor ◽  
Josefa López-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Hormonal Balance ◽  
Microclimate Conditions ◽  
Pepper Plants

The actual climate crisis scenario is aggravating the abiotic stress episodes that crop plants have to face. Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stresses directly impairing plant growth and productivity. Several strategies have been developed to minimize the negative effects of salinity in agricultural industry, mainly at the plant level, while management strategies, such us the control of microclimate conditions and light quality over plant canopy, have also been used. Indeed, shading plants with photoselective nets has been considered an efficient management strategy to modulate solar radiation to improve crop productivity. The aim of this work was to gain insights about the physiological factors underlying the salinity-alleviating effect of using red shading nets. For that, pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) were grown under control (0 mM NaCl) and moderate salinity (35 mM NaCl) conditions, with half of the plants covered with a red net (30% shading). The shoot growth impairment provoked by salinity was in part minimized by shading plants with red nets, which can be explained by their higher capacity to exclude Na+, control of K+ homeostasis and regulation of hormonal balance. Indeed, the concentrations of the most active cytokinin in pepper, trans-zeatin, as well as its metabolic precursor, zeatin riboside, increased in shaded plants, associated to shoot growth recovery and photosynthetic rate maintenance under salinity. Furthermore, the stress-related hormone abscisic acid (ABA) increased with salinity but in a lower extend in the plants shaded with red nets, suggesting a fine tune of stomata opening by ABA which, in crosstalk with salicylic acid increment, improved plant water relations. Likewise, the concentrations of gibberellins and the ethylene precursor, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, also changed during salinity stress in shaded plants but those changes were uncoupled of growth responses as indicated by the principal component analysis and thus they seem to play a minor role. Our data demonstrate that shading pepper plants with red nets is an efficient management strategy to modulate microclimate conditions at crop level thus controlling the ion homeostasis and hormonal balance of the plant to cope with salinity stress. This is especially important due to the actual and expected changes of the global climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Glycine betaine affects the antioxidant system and ion accumulation and reduces salinity-induced damage in safflower seedlings

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnaz Alasvandyari ◽  
Batool Mahdavi ◽  
Hosseini Madah
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Chloride Salt ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Cell Membrane Damage ◽  
Stress Levels

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is an important oilseed crop, usually grown on a small scale and in salt-affected soils. Salinity stress can cause oxidative damage to plants. Upregulation of the antioxidant defense system induced by glycine betaine (GlyBet) alleviates the damaging effects of oxidative stress in plants. In the present investigation, seeds were treated with 0, 10, 30 and 60 mM of GlyBet solutions. Germination and the primary growth of the seedling were examined using sodium chloride salt (NaCl) at 0 (non-stress), 50, 100 and 150 mM concentrations. The obtained results indicate that at 50 and 100 mM NaCl, priming with 30 and 60 mM GlyBet increased root and shoot lengths compared to the control (0 mM). In addition, at all stress levels, priming with 60 mM GlyBet led to lower malondialdehyde, total soluble sugars and proline contents than in control seedlings. Priming with GlyBet increased catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities and protein content, while it reduced the activity of peroxidase under salinity stress. In addition, priming with GlyBet reduced the Na+/K+ ratio of seedlings and increased K+ under all salinity stress levels. Priming with 60 mM GlyBet also reduced the Na+ content under 150 mM NaCl. Together, these results show that 60 mM GlyBet had the most pronounced effect on tolerance to salinity stress in safflower seedling. The glycine betaine-increased tolerance to salt in safflower was mainly related to increased CAT and SOD activities, and the prevention of cell membrane damage as a result of reduced lipid peroxidation and improved ion homeostasis under salinity stress condition.

scholarly journals Coping with an Essential Poison: a Genetic Suppressor Analysis Corroborates a Key Function of c-di-AMP in Controlling Potassium Ion Homeostasis in Gram-Positive Bacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian M. Commichau ◽  
Jörg Stülke
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Second Messenger ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Complex Media ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potassium Homeostasis ◽  
Intracellular Potassium ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Suppressor Analysis

ABSTRACT Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is an important second messenger in bacteria. In most Firmicutes , the molecule is required for growth in complex media but also toxic upon accumulation. In an article on their current study, Zarrella and coworkers present a suppressor analysis of a Streptococcus pneumoniae strain that is unable to degrade c-di-AMP (T. M. Zarrella, D. W. Metzger, and G. Bai, J Bacteriol 200:e00045-18, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00045-18 ). Their study identifies new links between c-di-AMP and potassium homeostasis and supports the hypothesis that c-di-AMP serves as a second messenger to report about the intracellular potassium concentrations.

scholarly journals Exogenous application of KNO3 elevates the salinity tolerance of Stevia rebaudiana through ion homeostasis mechanism

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitali Mahajan ◽  
Surbhi Sharma ◽  
Pawan Kumar ◽  
Probir Kumar Pal
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Normal Water

AbstractThough relatively little is understood of adaptation, physiological and metabolic changes of Stevia rebaudiana under exposure to salinity stress, it is hypothesized that exogenous application of potassium (K+) could elevates the salinity tolerance through ions homeostasis. Thus, an experiment was conducted with twenty treatment combinations comprising four salinity levels (irrigation with normal water as control and three level of NaCl at 40, 80 and 120 mM) and five different concentrations of KNO3 (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 g L−1). Dry leaf yield was not negatively affected with mild salinity (40 mM). However, the detrimental effects were observed at moderate and higher salinity levels (80 and 120 mM). The uptakes of K+, Ca2+, and N were significantly reduced at higher salinity level, whereas accumulations of Na+ and Cl− ions in plant tissues were substantially increased. Proline content in leaf was also increased significantly (P≤0.05) in response to salt stress. Among the foliar application, KNO3 at 5.0 gL−1 registered significantly (P≤0.05) higher dry leaf yield compared with control. Exogenous application of K+ under moderate salinity stress maintained ion balance in cytosol, particularly K: Na. Thus, the salinity tolerance of stevia can be elevated to some extent through exogenous application of K+.HighlightThe detrimental effects of moderate and higher salinity levels on growth and dry leaf yield of stevia were observed. However, tolerance level can be elevated through exogenous application of KNO3.

scholarly journals Overexpression of MsRCI2A, MsRCI2B, and MsRCI2C in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Provides Different Extents of Enhanced Alkali and Salt Tolerance Due to Functional Specialization of MsRCI2s

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunxin Li ◽  
Tingting Song ◽  
Lifeng Zhan ◽  
Chunlong Cong ◽  
Huihui Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Functional Specialization ◽  
Alkali Stress ◽  
Plasma Membrane Protein ◽  
Regulatory Relationship ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Rare cold-inducible 2/plasma membrane protein 3 (RCI2/PMP3) genes are ubiquitous in plants and belong to a multigene family whose members respond to a variety of abiotic stresses by regulating ion homeostasis and stabilizing membranes, thus preventing damage. In this study, the expression of MsRCI2A, MsRCI2B, and MsRCI2C under high-salinity, alkali and ABA treatments was analyzed. The results showed that the expression of MsRCI2A, MsRCI2B, and MsRCI2C in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) was induced by salt, alkali and ABA treatments, but there were differences between MsRCI2 gene expression under different treatments. We investigated the functional differences in the MsRCI2A, MsRCI2B, and MsRCI2C proteins in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) by generating transgenic alfalfa plants that ectopically expressed these MsRCI2s under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. The MsRCI2A/B/C-overexpressing plants exhibited different degrees of improved phenotypes under high-salinity stress (200 mmol.L–1 NaCl) and weak alkali stress (100 mmol.L–1 NaHCO3, pH 8.5). Salinity stress had a more significant impact on alfalfa than alkali stress. Overexpression of MsRCI2s in alfalfa caused the same physiological response to salt stress. However, in response to alkali stress, the three proteins encoded by MsRCI2s exhibited functional differences, which were determined not only by their different expression regulation but also by the differences in their regulatory relationship with MsRCI2s or H+-ATPase.

scholarly journals Exogenous Foliar Melatonin Improves Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Physio-Biochemical Characteristics Under the Synergetic Effects of Low Temperature and Salinity Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Fu ◽  
Abdoul Kader Mounkaila Hamani ◽  
Wenjun Sun ◽  
Hongbo Wang ◽  
Abubakar Sunusi Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Membrane Damage ◽  
Ion Homeostasis ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Pairwise Correlation ◽  
Ion Translocation

Abstract Low temperature and soil salinization during cotton sowing and seedling have adverse effects on cotton productivity. Finding an alternative for reducing the low temperature and salt induced damages during the seedling stage of cotton is a challenge for agricultural researchers nowadays. The physiological mechanism of exogenously applied melatonin (MT) on cotton seedlings under low temperature and salt stress is still unclear. The experiment in a phytotron was comprised with two temperature levels of 15°C and 25°C, and 5 MT treatments of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 µM, and two salinity levels of 0 and 150 mM NaCl stress. Compared with the control treatments (non-salinity stress under 15°C and 25°C), the coupled stress of salt and low temperature reduced cotton seedlings’ biomass and net photosynthetic rate (Pn), aggravated the membrane damage, reduced the potassium (K+) content and increased the sodium (Na+) accumulation in the leaves and roots. Compared with the NaCl-stressed treatment alone, the exogenous foliar applications of 50-150µM MT significantly increased the biomass and gas exchange parameters of cotton seedlings under the coupled salt and low temperature stress conditions. The exogenously applied MT at 50-150µM under the coupled effect of salt and low temperature stress conditions decreased the degree of membrane damage and regulated the activities of the protective enzymes, ion homeostasis, ion transport and absorption of cotton seedlings. The pairwise correlation analysis of each parameter by MT shows that the parameters with higher correlation with MT at 15°C are mainly malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). The most relevant parameters at 25℃ are K+ concentration in leaves (K+-L), K+ concentration in root (K+-R), Na+ concentration in leaves (Na+-L), Na+ concentration in root (Na+-R), Na+ uptake in-root surface (Na+-uptake), K+ ion translocation (K+-translocation). Stepwise linear regression of the above parameters found that MT is more related to MDA at 15°C, and MT is more related to Na+-L at 25°C.

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