Introduction to Chronic Respiratory Diseases: A Pressing Need for Novel Therapeutic Approaches

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-84
Author(s):  
Yinghan Chan ◽  
Sin Wi Ng ◽  
Hui Shan Liew ◽  
Lesley Jia Wei Pua ◽  
Laura Soon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

scholarly journals Host-microbe cross-talk in the lung microenvironment: implications for understanding and treating chronic lung disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 1902320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinoud Gosens ◽  
Pieter S. Hiemstra ◽  
Ian M. Adcock ◽  
Ken R. Bracke ◽  
Robert P. Dickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Targeted Therapeutics ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Holistic Approaches

Chronic respiratory diseases are highly prevalent worldwide and will continue to rise in the foreseeable future. Despite intensive efforts over the recent decades, the development of novel and effective therapeutic approaches has been slow. There is however new and increasing evidence that communities of microorganisms in our body, the human microbiome, are crucially involved in the development and progression of chronic respiratory diseases. Understanding the detailed mechanisms underlying this cross-talk between host and microbiota is critical for development of microbiome- or host-targeted therapeutics and prevention strategies. Here we review and discuss the most recent knowledge on the continuous reciprocal interaction between the host and microbes in health and respiratory disease. Furthermore, we highlight promising developments in microbiome-based therapies and discuss the need to employ more holistic approaches of restoring both the pulmonary niche and the microbial community.

scholarly journals Epigenetic targets for therapeutic approaches in COPD and asthma. Nutrigenomics – possible or illusive

Folia Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-369
Author(s):  
Radostina V. Cherneva ◽  
Dimitar Kostadinov
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Epigenetic Signatures ◽  
Affect Gene Expression

Oxidative stress generated by cigarette smoking, environmental pollution, or other noxious particles leads to epigenetic changes in the cells of the respiratory tract. They reflect cell adaptation in response to chronic exposure to external factors. Although there is no change in the genetic code, epigenetic changes may be heritable and translated from one generation to another, accumulating abnormalities and rendering cells into entirely different phenotype, causing disease. DNA methylation, post-translation histone modification, ubiquitination, sumoylation and miRNA transcriptional regulation are the major processes that are responsible for the epigenetic control of gene expression. All of them are reversible. They can be regulated by targeting specific enzymes/proteins involved in the process in order to mitigate inflammation. Chronic respiratory diseases have epigenetic signatures that affect gene expression in the lung. Targeting them provides the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in respiratory medicine. Nutrigenomics reveals the beneficial effect of natural phytochemicals, affecting key steps in the signaling pathways of chronic respiratory diseases.

Adipocytes-released Peptides Involved in the Control of Gastrointestinal Motility

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 614-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eglantina Idrizaj ◽  
Rachele Garella ◽  
Roberta Squecco ◽  
Maria Caterina Baccari
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Motor Responses ◽  
Gastrointestinal Motor ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

The present review focuses on adipocytes-released peptides known to be involved in the control of gastrointestinal motility, acting both centrally and peripherally. Thus, four peptides have been taken into account: leptin, adiponectin, nesfatin-1, and apelin. The discussion of the related physiological or pathophysiological roles, based on the most recent findings, is intended to underlie the close interactions among adipose tissue, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract. The better understanding of this complex network, as gastrointestinal motor responses represent peripheral signals involved in the regulation of food intake through the gut-brain axis, may also furnish a cue for the development of either novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of obesity and eating disorders or potential diagnostic tools.

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Tool: A Promising Tool for Therapeutic Applications on Respiratory Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 333-346
Author(s):  
Sadiya Bi Shaikh ◽  
Yashodhar Prabhakar Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Therapeutic Tool ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Promising Tool

Respiratory diseases are one of the prime topics of concern in the current era due to improper diagnostics tools. Gene-editing therapy, like Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats- associated nuclease 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), is gaining popularity in pulmonary research, opening up doors to invaluable insights on underlying mechanisms. CRISPR/Cas9 can be considered as a potential gene-editing tool with a scientific community that is helping in the advancement of knowledge in respiratory health and therapy. As an appealing therapeutic tool, we hereby explore the advanced research on the application of CRISPR/Cas9 tools in chronic respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cystic fibrosis (CF). We also address the urgent need to establish this gene-editing tool in various other lung diseases such as asthma, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The present review introduces CRISPR/Cas9 as a worthy application in targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrinolytic system via editing specific genes. Thereby, based on the efficiency of CRISPR/Cas9, it can be considered as a promising therapeutic tool in respiratory health research.

From Genesis To Revelation: The Role Of Inflammatory Mediators In Chronic Respiratory Diseases And Their Control By Nucleic Acid-Based Drugs

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (999) ◽  
pp. 1-1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sante Di Gioia ◽  
Carla Sardo ◽  
Stefano Castellani ◽  
Barbara Porsio ◽  
Giuliana Belgiovine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases

Interleukin-17A: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Chronic Lung Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 921-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadiya Bi Shaikh ◽  
Ashwini Prabhu ◽  
Yashodhar Prabhakar Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Interleukin 17A ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that has gained a lot of attention because of its involvement in respiratory diseases. Interleukin-17 cytokine family includes six members, out of which, IL-17A participates towards the immune responses in allergy and inflammation. It also modulates the progression of respiratory disorders. Objective: The present review is an insight into the involvement and contributions of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A in chronic respiratory diseases like Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Distress (COPD), asthma, pneumonia, obliterative bronchiolitis, lung cancer and many others. Conclusion: IL-17A is a major regulator of inflammatory responses. In all the mentioned diseases, IL- 17A plays a prime role in inducing the diseases, whereas the lack of this pro-inflammatory cytokine reduces the severity of respective respiratory diseases. Thereby, this review suggests IL-17A as an instrumental target in chronic respiratory diseases.

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