Adrenal gland involvement in mice with hereditary obesity and Diabetes mellitus

: Pregnancy-related complications can have long-term effects on mother and fetus/child. Microbiome within the human gut is an important factor to maintain optimum health during pregnancy and could possibly reduce the incidence of these complications. Probiotics are active living microorganisms that can provide the host with health benefits such as; immune and hormonal regulatory and metabolic benefits when administered in adequate and optimum dose. Probiotic supplementations also regulate abnormal and unbalanced microflora population that can control the pathogenesis of several diseases like obesity and diabetes. Probiotics also play a protective role in complications like preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and maternal weight gain and enhance successful outcomes of reproduction. This mini review will thereby summarize the maternal and fetal effects of probiotics during pregnancy.

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Mini-Gastric Bypass to Control Morbid Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus: What Radiologists Need to Know

Korean Journal of Radiology ◽

10.3348/kjr.2015.16.2.325 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 325 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Hyun Jeong Park ◽

Seong Sook Hong ◽

Jiyoung Hwang ◽

Kyung Yul Hur

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Morbid Obesity ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Mini Gastric Bypass ◽

Obesity And Diabetes

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Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in diabetic cardiovascular complications

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20130344 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 126 (7) ◽

pp. 471-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Vaibhav B. Patel ◽

Nirmal Parajuli ◽

Gavin Y. Oudit

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Systolic Dysfunction ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Converting Enzyme ◽

Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽

Obesity And Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus results in severe cardiovascular complications, and heart disease and failure remain the major causes of death in patients with diabetes. Given the increasing global tide of obesity and diabetes, the clinical burden of diabetes-induced cardiovascular disease is reaching epidemic proportions. Therefore urgent actions are needed to stem the tide of diabetes which entails new prevention and treatment tools. Clinical and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that AngII (angiotensin II), the major effector peptide of the RAS (renin–angiotensin system), is a critical promoter of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. The role of RAS and AngII has been implicated in the progression of diabetic cardiovascular complications and AT1R (AngII type 1 receptor) blockers and ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors have shown clinical benefits. ACE2, the recently discovered homologue of ACE, is a monocarboxypeptidase which converts AngII into Ang-(1–7) [angiotensin-(1–7)] which, by virtue of its actions on the MasR (Mas receptor), opposes the effects of AngII. In animal models of diabetes, an early increase in ACE2 expression and activity occurs, whereas ACE2 mRNA and protein levels have been found to decrease in older STZ (streptozotocin)-induced diabetic rats. Using the Akita mouse model of Type 1 diabetes, we have recently shown that loss of ACE2 disrupts the balance of the RAS in a diabetic state and leads to AngII/AT1R-dependent systolic dysfunction and impaired vascular function. In the present review, we will discuss the role of the RAS in the pathophysiology and treatment of diabetes and its complications with particular emphasis on potential benefits of the ACE2/Ang-(1–7)/MasR axis activation.

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Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus as Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Stroke: A Meta Analysis

Indonesian Journal of Medicine ◽

10.26911/theijmed.2019.04.04.12 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 383-393

Author(s):

Karlinda Karlinda ◽

◽

Didik Gunawan Tamtomo ◽

Bhisma Murti ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Predictors Of Mortality ◽

Obesity And Diabetes

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The Effect of Green Space on the Physiologic Function of the Adult: A Systematic Review

10.28971/532021fb99 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Brenna Franco

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Green Space ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Disease Awareness ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Physiologic Function ◽

Cardiovascular Illness

Environmental greenness is often associated with improved psychological outcomes, but the use of green space as a protective factor for maintaining physiologic health is understudied. However, growing evidence exists on the benefit of greenness on physiologic health. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of green space on the physiologic function of the adult. Cohort studies were searched for that had all elements of inclusion criteria. Six final studies were included in this systematic review utilizing PRISMA guidelines and CASP tool for cohort studies. Data from the studies was collected and a cross study analysis was conducted to compare all studies and assess for themes in study outcomes. Results of this review demonstrate that green space has a protective effect on physiologic health. Areas with higher levels of greenness are associated with lower prevalence of central obesity, diabetes mellitus, and self-reported rates of cardiovascular disease and stroke as well as decreased rates of mortality from cancers, and kidney and respiratory diseases. Implications of this study include the importance in understanding risk factors for development of disease. Awareness of a patient’s environment that includes natural spaces should be identified as a potential risk factor for the development of cardiovascular illness, obesity, and diabetes mellitus.

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Gestational microbiome: metabolic perturbations and developmental programming

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-21-0241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 162 (6) ◽

pp. R85-R98

Author(s):

Sophia Han ◽

Charlotte C Ellberg ◽

Isoken N Olomu ◽

Arpita K Vyas

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Human Microbiome ◽

Disease States ◽

Microbial Dysbiosis ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Growing Body

A growing body of research suggests that alterations to the human microbiome are associated with disease states, including obesity and diabetes. During pregnancy, these disease states are associated with maternal microbial dysbiosis. This review discusses the current literature regarding the typical maternal and offspring microbiome as well as alterations to the microbiome in the context of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and gestational diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, this review outlines the proposed mechanisms linking associations between the maternal microbiome in the aforementioned disease states and offspring microbiome. Additionally, this review highlights associations between alterations in offspring microbiome and postnatal health outcomes.

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Docking protein 1 and free fatty acids are associated with insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/03000605211048293 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (11) ◽

pp. 030006052110482

Author(s):

Xiaoqin Ha ◽

Xiaoling Cai ◽

Huizhe Cao ◽

Jie Li ◽

Bo Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Insulin Resistance ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Effective Means ◽

Model Assessment ◽

High Concentration ◽

Obesity And Diabetes ◽

Docking Protein

Objective Insulin resistance (IR) is a key defect in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); therefore, effective means of ameliorating IR are sought. Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study of 154 patients with T2DM and 39 with pre-diabetes (pre-DM). The effects of IR and a high concentration of FFA on gene expression were determined using microarray analysis and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in patients with T2DM or pre-DM. Results Serum FFA concentration and homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) were significantly higher in patients with T2DM but no obesity and in those with pre-DM than in controls. HOMA-IR was significantly associated with T2DM. RT-qPCR showed that the expression of FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog ( FOS) and AE binding protein 1 ( AEBP1) was much lower in the circulation of participants with obesity and diabetes. RT-qPCR showed that the expression of docking protein 1 ( DOK1) was significantly lower in the blood of participants with diabetes but no obesity and in those with pre-DM than in controls. Conclusions FFA and DOK1 are associated with IR in patients with T2DM but no obesity or pre-DM. The downregulation of DOK1 might inhibit lipid synthesis and induce lipolysis, inducing or worsening IR.

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