Potato selection for high dry-matter in seedling generation

1976 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Lam ◽  
R. Grenard
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Generation ◽  
Selection For

Selection for high dry matter content in swedes (Brassica napus spp. rapifera)

Euphytica ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gowers ◽  
D. J. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Selection For

Divergent Selection for In Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility in Smooth Bromegrass 1

Crop Science ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1123-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Ehlke ◽  
M. D. Casler ◽  
P. N. Drolsom ◽  
J. S. Shenk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Smooth Bromegrass ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Selection For

Factors affecting the hydrogen cyanide potential of forage sorghum.

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Wheeler ◽  
C Mulcahy ◽  
JJ Walcott ◽  
GG Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Selection For

The effect of seven factors, namely genotype, plant maturity, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, water stress, light intensity and temperature, on the hydrogen cyanide potential (HCNp) of forage sorghum was studied in three pot experiments. Fivefold differences occurred between genotypes in HCNp, with a breeder's line, X45106, selected for low HCNp having a maximum of 520 mg HCN kg-1 DM (dry matter) compared with 2300 and 2450 mg kg-1 DM for cvs Zulu and Silk respectively. In X45 106, HCNp (mg HCN kg-1 DM) declined curvilinearly with age d (days from sowing) (HCNp=8460- 320d+ 3.1d2) and linearly in Silk (HCNp = 9020 - 110d), but the decline in Zulu was not statistically significant. Nitrogen (equivalent to 200 kg ha-1 of N) increased HCN, (P< 0.001), but more so in full light (100 mg kg-1 compared with 1430 mg kg-1) than in 50% shade (190 mg kg-1 compared with 690 mg kg-1). In one experiment, acute water stress appeared to reduce HCNp, but this was confounded with the strong decline due to aging. In another study, acute water stress had no effect on HCNp. Neither the application of superphosphate nor change in light intensity, nor change in temperature had a direct significant effect on HCNp in these studies. Breeding and selection for low HCNp appears a promising approach to ensuring that sorghum plants will provide non-toxic forage from an early stage of growth.

scholarly journals The Performance of Steers Fed on Sugarcane in natura or Ensiled with Concentrate

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Dheynne Alves Vieira ◽  
Andréia Santos Cezário ◽  
Wallacy Barbacena Rosa dos Santos ◽  
Jeferson Corrêa Ribeiro ◽  
Tiago Neves Pereira Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Daily Weight Gain ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu steers fed on the diets containing sugarcane in natura or ensiled with two levels of concentrate (30% and 70%). A total of 32 males of 394 kg of body weight were used in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments and seven repetitions. The animals reported a high dry matter intake (DMI) (P < 0.05) when fed on the high concentrate levels. The increase in concentrate levels resulted in an approximately 25% to 60% higher DMI as compared to the lowest level offered by silage-based diets and sugarcane in natura. The highest apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter were observed in the diets based on sugarcane in natura (P < 0.05). The sugarcane based diets also affected (P > 0.05) the digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, crude protein, ether extract, and non-fiber carbohydrates. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between the diets for average daily weight gain, carcass dressing, carcass gain, and feed conversion. The diets based on sugarcane in nature or ensiled with 30% and 70% concentrates do not influence the performance of crossbred Holstein × Zebu cattle.

scholarly journals Correlations and path analysis of morphological and yield traits of cactus pear accessions

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo Gonçalves Neder ◽  
Fabiane Rabelo da Costa ◽  
Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽  
Lenildo Teixeira Souto Filho
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Selection For

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationships between morphological characteristics and fresh matter yield of cactus pear and identify their direct and indirect effects. Nineteen accessions were evaluated for the following traits: number (NCl), thickness (ThCl), length (LCl) and width (WCl) of cladodes, plant height (PH) and plant width (PW), and green matter yield (GMY), dry matter yield (DMY) and dry matter percentage (DM). The correlations were estimated, and path analysis was performed by the method proposed by Wright. GMY was strongly correlated with DMY, allowing indirect selection for this trait. NCl and ThCl had a direct effect on GMY and can be used for indirect selection or as secondary traits in the selection process. Given the lack of significant correlations between MS and DMY, it is possible to select a palm variety with high DMY and DM.

Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Ethanol Fermentation of High Dry Matter Wet-Exploded Wheat Straw at Low Enzyme Loading

2007 ◽  
pp. 553-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania I. Georgieva ◽  
Xiaoru Hou ◽  
Troels Hilstrøm ◽  
Birgitte K. Ahring
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Ethanol Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Enzyme Loading ◽  
High Dry Matter

scholarly journals Fed-batch SSCF using steam-exploded wheat straw at high dry matter consistencies and a xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain: effect of laccase supplementation

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio D Moreno ◽  
Elia Tomás-Pejó ◽  
David Ibarra ◽  
Mercedes Ballesteros ◽  
Lisbeth Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Strain Effect ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
High Dry Matter

Studies on the aerobic deterioration of whole-crop cereal silages

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Woolford ◽  
K. K. Bolsen ◽  
Lesley A. Peartt
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Antimicrobial Effects ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Proteolytic Bacteria ◽  
Barley Silage

SUMMARYAs a result of the treatment of made whole-crop barley silage with antimicrobial agents which are specifically inhibitory to fungi or bacteria, it was shown that the subsequent aerobic deterioration was essentially caused by yeasts. These microorganisms were instrumental in the rise in pH, the increase in temperature and the loss of dry matter observed. The filamentous fungi, like one group of bacteria (the streptomycetes), apparently had no part in the process. Bacteria, such as the lactobacilli and particularly proteolytic bacteria, may have had a role in the terminal stages of deterioration, although it was considered more likely that the yeasts again were involved.The whole-crop wheat silage employed in this work was stable in air, a factor attributed to the combined antimicrobial effects of butyric acid present and the relatively high dry-matter content.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability for Yield and Nutritional Quality in Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus sp.)

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1079-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolland Agaba ◽  
Phinehas Tukamuhabwa ◽  
Patrick Rubaihayo ◽  
Silver Tumwegamire ◽  
Andrew Ssenyonjo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation

The amount of genotypic and phenotypic variability that exists in a species is important for selection and initiating breeding programs. Yam bean is grown locally in tropical countries of the Americas and Asia for their tasty storage roots, which usually have low dry matter content. The crop was recently introduced in Uganda and other East and Central African countries to supplement iron (Fe) and protein content in diets. This study aimed to estimate genetic variability for root yield and quality traits among 26 yam bean accessions in Uganda. A randomized complete block design was used with two replications across two ecogeographical locations and two seasons during 2012 and 2013. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to determine quality of storage root samples. Significant differences among genotypes were observed for all traits except root protein, zinc (Zn), and phosphorus contents. Genotypic variance components () were significant for storage root fresh yield (SRFY), storage root dry matter (SRDM), storage root dry yield (SRDY), vine yield (VNY), fresh biomass yield (FBY), and storage root starch (STA) and Fe contents. For traits with significant the broad sense heritability estimates ranged from 58.4% for SRDY to 83.6% for FBY; and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for SRFY (66%), SRDY (53.3%), VNY (60.5%), and FBY (59%), but low to medium for SRDM (22.6%), STA (15.1%), and Fe (21.3%). Similarly, the genotypic coefficients of variation were high for SRFY (56.7%), SRDY (53.3%), VNY (55%), and FBY (53.9%); and low for SRDM (20%), STA (12.4%), and Fe (17.8%). There were strong positive correlations between SRFY and both SRDY (r = 0.926) and FBY (r = 0.962), but low-to-moderate correlations among quality traits. It should be possible to breed for high dry matter yam beans by using low dry matter accessions due to the observed genetic variation ( = 9.3%2), which is important if the high dry matter Pachyrhizus tuberosus accessions (known as chuin) from Peru cannot be accessed. This study indicated substantial genetic variation for yield and quality traits in yam bean, demonstrating potential for adaptability to growing conditions and consumer needs in East and Central Africa and for genetic improvement through selection.

The Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Energy Value to Pigs of Plantains (Musa Sapientum Var. Paradisiaca Linn)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
V. A. Oyenuga ◽  
B. L. Fetuga
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Large White ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The proximate and mineral constituents of six plantain forms, raw green plantain (RGP), cooked green plantain (CGP), raw ripe plantain (RRP), cooked ripe plantain (CRP), green plantain meal (GPM) and ripe plantain meal (RPM) were determined by chemical analysis. 24 large white barrows, weighing initially, between 40-45 kg., were used to study the apparent digestibility of nutrients, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen retention (ME(n) and total digestible nutrients when the plantains served as the only source of nutrients. In a second experiment ME and ME(n) were measured for the plantain forms using 28 Large White barrows, with diets in which the plantains replaced 50% of maize in a basal diet. All the plantain forms had low fat, crude fibre and crude protein content but high in nitrogen-free extract, phosphorus, potassium and Iron. Identically high dry matter (D.M.) and nitrogen-free extract (N.F.E.) digestion coefficients were obtained for all the plantain forms except RPM, which had significantly lower values. Digestion coefficients for crude protein (46.9, 53.6, 51.8, 34.3,-32.7 %), crude fibre, (46.6, 49.5, 58.7, 62.6, 56.9, 39.6 %), ether extract (55.9, 56.6, 66.9, 69.2, 54.7 and 34.6 %) for RGP, CGP, RRP, CRP, GPM and RPM respectively were considerably lower than for D.M. and N.F.E. The DE, ME ME(n) and TDN values were comparable for all plantain forms except RPM, which had significantly lower values in most cases. The fresh green plantains and green plantain meals had slightly higher energy values than the ripe plantains, even though the nutrients in the ripe plantains were better digested than in the green forms. The results are discussed in relation to variations in the relative proportions of the simple and more complex carbohydrates during ripening.

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