scholarly journals A strategy for on-machine springback measurement in rotary draw bending using digital image-based laser tracking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taekwang Ha ◽  
Torgeir Welo ◽  
Geir Ringen ◽  
Jyhwen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Bend Angle ◽  
Rotary Draw Bending ◽  
Springback Compensation ◽  
Laser Tracking ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Draw Bending

Abstract Rotary draw bending is a commonly used metal forming technique for profile bending. Due to the elastic recovery of the material, springback compensation to control the bent product quality is one of the critical manufacturing issues. The realized bend angle has to be measured for springback compensation before removing the profile from the machine, and the bending process can follow an iterative approach until the product quality is satisfied. However, this trial-and-error is costly for batch production in manufacturing. An on-machine measurement technique is therefore developed to measure springback in rotary draw bending with an affordable laser and a webcam. An image processing technology is integrated with the manufacturing process to track the deformation and measure springback angle in real time, eliminating the need for the workpiece to be transferred to a measurement device. In this paper, bending experiments were conducted with AA6082 rectangular hollow profiles bent at 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90° angles, and springback angles from the conventional manual measurement were compared to that from the on-machine measurement. Since the difference in springback measurement between the proposed and the conventional methods was within 0.15° on average, it is demonstrated that the laser tracking, on-machine measurement is a feasible real-time springback measurement technique for Industry 4.0.

scholarly journals Design of Manual Pipe Bending Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 1981-1988
Author(s):  
Manish Giripunje
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Bend Angle ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Bend Radius ◽  
Rotary Draw Bending ◽  
Bending Force ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Bending Mechanism ◽  
Draw Bending ◽  
Pipe Bending

Rotary draw bending an ongoing process. It’s an at-hand service proffered within the current market. However, each draw bender features a divergent mechanism with its pros and cons, thanks to its main advantages; the rotary draw bender was selected. Pipe bending machines have progressed many enhancements and augmentations over the amount. The sort of pipe bending plays a critical role in industries, instruments, and transporting of fluids. The first concern is that the required bend angle that this pipe will bend on. The following report will include an outline of the accessibility of this machine. The crucial variables that ought to be accounted for within the pipe bending is bend radius bend angle, pipe diameter, and thickness. The concept of press bending is employed to hold out the operation; thus, the specified force is administered with the help of a hydraulic jack. Also, other important variables are accounted for, like the bending force, bending torque, simulation outcomes about the work piece analysis, and eventually the machine design. Moreover, a prototype that satisfies the specified constraints is manufactured and assembled. Being a manual bending machine means no use of electricity is required, leading to no power consumption. Additionally, this machine is favorable, feasible, affordable, low maintenance, and higher accuracy.

Development of Forming Method for Aluminum Alloy Channel with Curvature and Modified Cross-Section Shape in Rotary Draw Bending

2015 ◽  
Vol 1110 ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ito ◽  
Noah Utsumi ◽  
Masashi Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Bend Angle ◽  
Secondary Process ◽  
Rotary Draw Bending ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Axial Tension ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Draw Bending

In the manufacturing industry, metal cross-sections and profiles are manufactured by using extrusion as the primary process. Subsequently, the products are generally subjected to bending in a secondary process. However, long products with the same cross-sections are typically mass-produced by one extrusion. In industries that manufacture such products, there have been increasing demands for flexible manufacturing systems that can be used for low-volume diverse products. However, it is difficult to adapt traditional manufacturing systems to this requirement. In this study, we aimed to develop a new bending method that can be used to deform the cross-sections of existing versatile extruded sections, such as channel materials and rectangular tubes, to several types of cross-sectional shapes and to simultaneously impose a desired curvature on them. The rotary draw bending process for an aluminum alloy channel material without tensile flanges was investigated by using the finite element method and experiments. The effects of the bend angle and thickness ratio on the cross-sectional deformation were examined. Furthermore, the influence of additional axial tension on the channel materials was studied. Additional axial tension can be used to control the outward and inward deformations of the webs. In addition, it was confirmed that the axial tension is very effective in preventing wrinkling and folding.

scholarly journals A “Smart” Biosensor-Enabled Intravascular Catheter and Platform for Dynamic Delivery of Propofol to “Close the Loop” for Total Intravenous Anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 186 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 370-377
Author(s):  
Edward Chaum ◽  
Ernő Lindner
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Drug Distribution ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Data ◽  
Drug Infusion ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Automated Delivery

ABSTRACT Background Target-controlled infusion anesthesia is used worldwide to provide user-defined, stable, blood concentrations of propofol for sedation and anesthesia. The drug infusion is controlled by a microprocessor that uses population-based pharmacokinetic data and patient biometrics to estimate the required infusion rate to replace losses from the blood compartment due to drug distribution and metabolism. The objective of the research was to develop and validate a method to detect and quantify propofol levels in the blood, to improve the safety of propofol use, and to demonstrate a pathway for regulatory approval for its use in the USA. Methods We conceptualized and prototyped a novel “smart” biosensor-enabled intravenous catheter capable of quantifying propofol at physiologic levels in the blood, in real time. The clinical embodiment of the platform is comprised of a “smart” biosensor-enabled catheter prototype, a signal generation/detection readout display, and a driving electronics software. The biosensor was validated in vitro using a variety of electrochemical methods in both static and flow systems with biofluids, including blood. Results We present data demonstrating the experimental detection and quantification of propofol at sub-micromolar concentrations using this biosensor and method. Detection of the drug is rapid and stable with negligible biofouling due to the sensor coating. It shows a linear correlation with mass spectroscopy methods. An intuitive graphical user interface was developed to: (1) detect and quantify the propofol sensor signal, (2) determine the difference between targeted and actual propofol concentration, (3) communicate the variance in real time, and (4) use the output of the controller to drive drug delivery from an in-line syringe pump. The automated delivery and maintenance of propofol levels was demonstrated in a modeled benchtop “patient” applying the known pharmacokinetics of the drug using published algorithms. Conclusions We present a proof-of-concept and in vitro validation of accurate electrochemical quantification of propofol directly from the blood and the design and prototyping of a “smart,” indwelling, biosensor-enabled catheter and demonstrate feedback hardware and software architecture permitting accurate measurement of propofol in blood in real time. The controller platform is shown to permit autonomous, “closed-loop” delivery of the drug and maintenance of user-defined propofol levels in a dynamic flow model.

scholarly journals A Modified KNN Algorithm for High-Performance Computing on FPGA of Real-Time m-QAM Demodulators

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
David Marquez-Viloria ◽  
Luis Castano-Londono ◽  
Neil Guerrero-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Interference Mitigation ◽  
Parallel Implementation ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Interchannel Interference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
Performance Computing

A methodology for scalable and concurrent real-time implementation of highly recurrent algorithms is presented and experimentally validated using the AWS-FPGA. This paper presents a parallel implementation of a KNN algorithm focused on the m-QAM demodulators using high-level synthesis for fast prototyping, parameterization, and scalability of the design. The proposed design shows the successful implementation of the KNN algorithm for interchannel interference mitigation in a 3 × 16 Gbaud 16-QAM Nyquist WDM system. Additionally, we present a modified version of the KNN algorithm in which comparisons among data symbols are reduced by identifying the closest neighbor using the rule of the 8-connected clusters used for image processing. Real-time implementation of the modified KNN on a Xilinx Virtex UltraScale+ VU9P AWS-FPGA board was compared with the results obtained in previous work using the same data from the same experimental setup but offline DSP using Matlab. The results show that the difference is negligible below FEC limit. Additionally, the modified KNN shows a reduction of operations from 43 percent to 75 percent, depending on the symbol’s position in the constellation, achieving a reduction 47.25% reduction in total computational time for 100 K input symbols processed on 20 parallel cores compared to the KNN algorithm.

Investigation of Neutral Axis Shifting in Rotary Draw Bending Processes for Tubes

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 1209-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd Engel ◽  
Hassan Raheem Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Axis ◽  
Rotary Draw Bending ◽  
Draw Bending

Characteristics of Rotary Draw-Bent Tubes for the Hydroforming

2011 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
Byeong Don Joo ◽  
Jeong Hwan Jang ◽  
Hyun Jong Lee ◽  
Young Hoon Moon
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Structural Strength ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Rotary Draw Bending ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
Bending Process ◽  
Geometric Size ◽  
Draw Bending

Hydroformed parts have higher dimensional accuracy, structural strength, and dimensional repeatability. The pre-bending process is an important process for the successful hydroforming in the case where the perimeter of the blank is nearly the same as that of final product. At initial pre-bending stage, the variations of wall thickness and cross-section have effects on the accuracy of final products and quality. Because of a relatively excellent productive velocity, geometric size precision and reliance of product qualities, rotary draw bending is widely used. This study shows the bendability such as cross-section ovality, springback ratio and thickness variation in the various conditions of materials.

Numerical Research on High-Strength Rectangular Section Steel Tube in Rotary-Draw Bending

2014 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Wen Xing ◽  
Zhi Wei Xu ◽  
Hong Liang Yang ◽  
Cheng Xi Lei
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Rotary Draw Bending ◽  
Rectangular Section ◽  
Control Variate ◽  
Fillet Radius ◽  
Bending Process ◽  
Bending Radius ◽  
Draw Bending

A finite element model of high-strength rectangular section steel tube in rotary-draw bending is established to study the stress and strain in the bending process. Based on control variate method, this paper analyzes the influence laws of three geometric parameters on rotary-draw bending. The results show that bending radius is the most important factor, forming property increases significantly with the increase of bending radius, the trends of cracking and wrinkling are all decreased. The thickness of wall has influence on the strain of inwall, thinner tube may cause crack and wrinkle. Fillet radius has no effect on ektexine, the strain of inwall decreases slightly with the increase of fillet radius.

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