scholarly journals Tempting goods, self-control fatigue, and time preference in consumer dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Ikeda ◽  
Takeshi Ojima
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Time Preference ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Regulatory Behavior ◽  
Good Setting ◽  
Over Time

Abstract We propose a dynamic model of consumer behavior under limited self-control, emphasizing the fatiguing nature of self-regulation. The temptation theory is extended in a two-good setting with tempting and non-tempting goods, where self-regulation in moderating tempting good consumption depreciates mental capital (willpower). The resulting non-homothetic feature of consumer preferences helps describe self-regulatory behavior in such an empirically relevant way that it depends on the nature of the tempting good (luxury or inferior) and on consumer wealth. First, richer consumers are more self-indulgent and impatient in consuming tempting luxuries, whereas less so in consuming tempting inferiors: impatience is marginally increasing in wealth for jewels whereas decreasing for junk foods. Second, self-control fatigue weakens implied patience for tempting good consumption. Third, upon a stressful shock, with the resulting increasing scarcity of willpower, self-indulgence and impatience for tempting good consumption increase over time. Fourth, naive consumers, unaware of the willpower constraint, display weaker self-control in the long run than sophisticated consumers in the same wealth class would do.

Paying Not to Go to the Gym

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 694-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Della Vigna ◽  
Ulrike Malmendier
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Rational Expectation ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Health Clubs ◽  
Contract Choice ◽  
Expectation Hypothesis ◽  
Future Self ◽  
One Year ◽  
Contractual Choice

How do consumers choose from a menu of contracts? We analyze a novel dataset from three U.S. health clubs with information on both the contractual choice and the day-to-day attendance decisions of 7,752 members over three years. The observed consumer behavior is difficult to reconcile with standard preferences and beliefs. First, members who choose a contract with a flat monthly fee of over $70 attend on average 4.3 times per month. They pay a price per expected visit of more than $17, even though they could pay $10 per visit using a 10-visit pass. On average, these users forgo savings of $600 during their membership. Second, consumers who choose a monthly contract are 17 percent more likely to stay enrolled beyond one year than users committing for a year. This is surprising because monthly members pay higher fees for the option to cancel each month. We also document cancellation delays and attendance expectations, among other findings. Leading explanations for our findings are overconfidence about future self-control or about future efficiency. Overconfident agents overestimate attendance as well as the cancellation probability of automatically renewed contracts. Our results suggest that making inferences from observed contract choice under the rational expectation hypothesis can lead to biases in the estimation of consumer preferences.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SELF-REGULATORY BEHAVIOR OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS IN EXTREME SITUATIONS: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Vladislav Dubrovsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Regulatory Behavior ◽  
Behavior Of Law ◽  
General Physical

The relevance of the research lies in the need to develop self-regulation skills in law enforcement officers, since this category of employees often performs professional functions in extreme situations, including anti-pandemic measures. The research problem is the contradiction between the increase in physical, intellectual and emotional stress experienced by law enforcement officers in extreme professional situations, on the one hand, and the need for an objective assessment and self-regulatory behavior, on the other. The purpose of the study is to examine the sociological specifics of assessing self-regulatory behavior of law enforcement officers in extreme situations. The article includes the results of an empirical study conducted in 2020-2021 in the Belgorod region, which was attended by current law enforcement officers (n = 134) undergoing advanced training. The following methods were used: a questionnaire survey and a formative experiment were used to collect data; computer analysis of the Excel package and comparative analysis were used to process and analyze the obtained materials. The results of the study showed that mastering self-regulation skills allowed law enforcement officers to understand better the causes of stress, taught them self-control, and improved the quality of communication with colleagues and immediate supervisors. In addition, it was concluded that such indicators as general physical well-being, a decrease in the level of anxiety, irritability and aggression improved.

Marketing Modeling and Validation

2012 ◽  
pp. 198-223
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Choice Behavior ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Purchase Decisions ◽  
Cognitive Characteristics ◽  
Preference Functions ◽  
Consumer Choice Behavior ◽  
Over Time

Most existing mathematical models of consumer choice behavior assume that individuals’ preferences remain invariant over time. Although the assumption of invariant preference functions may be reasonable in some choice contexts, consumer preferences are largely influenced by variety-seeking effects. This chapter presents four models on consumer choice behavior, shopping performance, marketplace advantage, and buying decisions involving several cognitive, economic, and relational determinants affecting consumer behavior. These models are based on sequential structural equations using interrelated variables and can be applied in research on consumer shopping channel choices based on cognitive characteristics and consumer risk profiles. The framework for measuring the consumer behavior discussed in this chapter provides analytical dimensions for delineating the prediction of intangible variables affecting consumer preferences in order to optimize the purchase decisions in a given marketplace.

scholarly journals Self-control: An integrative framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Werner ◽  
Brett Quaid Ford
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of

Research on self-control has flourished within the last two decades, with researchers trying to answer one of the most fundamental questions regarding human behaviour – how do we successfully regulate desires in the pursuit of long-term goals? While recent research has focused on different strategies to enhance self-control success, we still know very little about how strategies are implemented or where the need for self-control comes from in the first place. Drawing from parallel fields (e.g., emotion regulation, health) and other theories of self-regulation, we propose a framework that describes self-control as a dynamic, multi-stage process that unfolds over time. In this review, we first provide an overview of this framework, which poses three stages of regulation: the identification of the need for self-control, the selection of strategies to regulate temptations, and the implementation of chosen strategies. These regulatory stages are then flexibly monitored over time. We then propose a series of questions to organize existing literature by highlighting what we already know, what we need to learn, and methodological recommendations for future research. Finally, we conclude by highlighting the need to bridge across disciplines, thereby improving our understanding of how self-control unfolds in everyday life and across different domains.

Parasympathetic Concomitants of Habitual, Spontaneous, and Instructed Emotional Suppression

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmir Gračanin ◽  
Igor Kardum ◽  
Jasna Hudek-Knežević
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Emotion Experience ◽  
Similar Relation

Abstract. The neurovisceral integration model proposes that different forms of self-regulation, including the emotional suppression, are characterized by the activation of neural network whose workings are also reflected in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). However, most of the previous studies failed to observe theoretically expected increases in RSA during emotional suppression. Even when such effects were observed, it was not clear whether they resulted from specific task demands, a decrease in muscle activity, or they were the consequence of more specific self-control processes. We investigated the relation between habitual or trait-like suppression, spontaneous, and instructed suppression with changes in RSA during negative emotion experience. A modest positive correlation between spontaneous situational and habitual suppression was observed across two experimental tasks. Furthermore, the results showed greater RSA increase among participants who experienced higher negative affect (NA) increase and reported higher spontaneous suppression than among those with higher NA increase and lower spontaneous suppression. Importantly, this effect was independent from the habitual suppression and observable facial expressions. The results of the additional task based on experimental manipulation, rather than spontaneous use of situational suppression, indicated a similar relation between suppression and RSA. Our results consistently demonstrate that emotional suppression, especially its self-regulation component, is followed by the increase in parasympathetic activity.

Factors that effect personal goals and self-regulation processes over time

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon B. Schmidt ◽  
Richard P. DeShon ◽  
Robert G. Lord
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Over Time

Inhibition tasks are not associated with self-regulation outcomes in healthy college students

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis David Von Gunten ◽  
Bruce D Bartholow ◽  
Jorge S. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Latent Variable ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Variable Level ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
The Individual

Executive functioning (EF) is defined as a set of top-down processes used in reasoning, forming goals, planning, concentrating, and inhibition. It is widely believed that these processes are critical to self-regulation and, therefore, that performance on behavioral task measures of EF should be associated with individual differences in everyday life outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to test this core assumption, focusing on the EF facet of inhibition. A sample of 463 undergraduates completed five laboratory inhibition tasks, along with three self-report measures of self-control and 28 self-report measures of life outcomes. Results showed that although most of the life outcome measures were associated with self-reported self-control, none of the life outcomes were associated with inhibition task performance at the latent-variable level, and few associations were found at the individual task level. These findings challenge the criterion validity of lab-based inhibition tasks. More generally, when considered alongside the known lack of convergent validity between inhibition tasks and self-report measures of self-control, the findings cast doubt on the task’s construct validity as measures of self-control processes. Potential methodological and theoretical reasons for the poor performance of laboratory-based inhibition tasks are discussed.

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