scholarly journals GC/EI-MS method for the determination of phytosterols in vegetable oils

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Schlag ◽  
Yining Huang ◽  
Walter Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Molecular Ions ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Diagnostic Fragment ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Hemp Oil

AbstractSterols are a highly complex group of lipophilic compounds present in the unsaponifiable matter of virtually all living organisms. In this study, we developed a novel gas chromatography with mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) method for the comprehensive analysis of sterols after saponification and silylation. A new referencing system was introduced by means of a series of saturated fatty acid pyrrolidides (FAPs) as internal standards. Linked with retention time locking (RTL), the resulting FAP retention indices (RIFAP) of the sterols could be determined with high precision. The GC/MS-SIM method was based on the parallel measurement of 17 SIM ions in four time windows. This set included eight molecular ions and seven diagnostic fragment ions of silylated sterols as well as two abundant ions of FAPs. Altogether, twenty molecular ions of C27- to C31-sterols with 0–3 double bonds were included in the final method. Screening of four common vegetable oils (sunflower oil, hemp oil, rapeseed oil, and corn oil) enabled the detection of 30 different sterols and triterpenes most of which could be identified. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Mixing Oil-Based Microencapsulation of Garlic Essential Oil: Impact of Incorporating Three Commercial Vegetable Oils on the Stability of Emulsions

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1637
Author(s):  
Yunjiao Zhao ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Cuiping Qi ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Mohamed Rifky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Diallyl Disulfide ◽  
Active Components ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Garlic Essential Oil

The active components in garlic essential oil are easily degradable, which limits its application in the food industry. Vegetable oils (VOs) were used to improve the stability of garlic essential oil (GEO) emulsion. The volatile compounds of GEO and its mixtures with vegetable oils (VOs), including corn oil (CO), soybean oil (SO), and olive oil (OO) indicated that GEO-VO mixtures had a higher percentage of Diallyl disulfide and Diallyl trisulfide than pure GEO. Adding an appropriate amount of VOs promoted the GEO emulsion (whey protein concentrate and inulin as the wall materials) stability in order of CO > SO > OO. Evaluation of the encapsulation efficiency, controlled release, and antimicrobial activity of GEO-VO microcapsules showed that the GEO was successfully entrapped and slowly released with active antibacterial activities on both E. coli and S. aureus. Collectively, these results implied that VOs, especially for 20% CO, improved the stability of GEO emulsions and the encapsulation efficiency of GEO microcapsules. The mechanism might be related to (1) the regulating effect of density difference between oil and water phases on prevention to gravitational separation, (2) the promotion to the compatibility of GEO and VOs to inhibit the phase separation caused by Ostwald ripening.

Experimental Study on Performance of a Single-Cylinder Engine Fuelled With Diesel and Vegetable Oil-Diesel Blends

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarlo Banania ◽  
Edwin N. Quiros ◽  
Jose Gabriel E. Mercado
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Single Cylinder

Abstract Continuous demand for energy in order to provide to an ever-increasing global population calls for use of or integration of other alternative sources of fuel other than fossil fuels. Many countries all over the world use vegetable oils blended with neat diesel as alternative and using these biofuels can help alleviate lessen the emissions releases on the environment as well as the country’s dependency on fossil fuels. In the Philippines Coconut Methyl Ester (CME) is the primary vegetable oil used, however in this study we used four other vegetable oils which are RCO (Refined Corn Oil), RPO (Refine Palm Oil), JFO (Jahtropa Filtered Oil) and JME (Jathropa Methyl Ester) in order to investigate the possibility of their use in diesel engines. A 6.3 kW single-cylinder, four stroke cycle, direct injection engine was used for the study. This kind of engine is typically used in the Philippines for different purposes such as backup power for households, for boats, pumps and for agriculture use. The specific fuel consumption of the biodiesel blends compared to neat diesel fuel ranged from −15% to 15% with RCO and JME having higher SFC and JFO and RPO having lower SFC. Fuel conversion efficiency of the varied from −12% to 12% with JFO and RPO having higher efficiency and RCO and JME having lower efficiency. The power of the varied from −7% to 6% with RPO having lower power output, JFO having higher power output and JME and RCO having similar power output to neat diesel fuel. At full load condasition Neat Diesel Fuel blended with 15% Refined Palm Oil showed the greatest improvement in SFC while Neat Diesel Fuel blended with 10% Jathropa Filtered Oil showed the best power output.

Selected Ion Mass Spectrometric Identification of Chlorophenol Residues in Human Urine

1983 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Erika E Hargesheimer ◽  
Ronald T Coutts
Keyword(s):  
Packed Column ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Fragment Ions ◽  
Diagnostic Fragment ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Identification ◽  
Environmental And Biological Samples ◽  
Electron Capture Detectors

Abstract A method is presented for the detection and confirmation of trace chlorophenol residues in environmental and biological samples by mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring (SIM). Propionate and acetate ester derivatives of phenol, cresols, mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrachlorophenols, pentachlorophenol, as well as the internal standard 4,6-dibromo-o-cresol, were prepared directly in aqueous solution, using the appropriate anhydride reagent. The acetate or propionate esters were quantitatively extracted and then separated by gas-liquid chromatography using either an SP-1240DA or OV-101 packed column. Electron impact SIM was carried out by simultaneously monitoring up to 4 diagnostic fragment ions of each chlorinated phenol. The use of SIM eliminated background interference encountered using flame ionization or electron capture detectors, and allowed identification of chlorophenol residues in extracts of urine samples collected from individuals without known exposure to chlorophenols. Phenol concentrations as low as 1.0 pmol/mL urine gave peaks that were readily discernible by SIM.

scholarly journals Dielectric Properties of Vegetable Oils

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. H. Shah ◽  
Q. A. Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Dielectric Data ◽  
Relaxation Polarization

In search of PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) free mineral oil used in transformer, we have carried out the detailed study on dielectric properties of some vegetable oils, such as corn oil and cottonseed oil. Dielectric constant, dielectric loss factor have been determined for corn oil, cotton seed oil, and PCB free mineral transformer oil having International Electrotechnical Commission number IEC-60296 in the frequency range 330 Hz to 3 MHz and in temperature range 250C to 700C. The dielectric data of the vegetable oils is critically compared with that of the transformer oil and appropriate causes for similarities and differences have been discussed. Owing to comparable results in the vegetable oils and transformer oil studied, it is suggested that vegetable oils may also be used as transformer oil.Keywords: dielectric constant; dielectric loss; dielectric relaxation; polarization.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:103329/jsr.v3i3.7049                J. Sci. Res. 3(3), 491-502 (2011)

scholarly journals Inclusion of vegetable oils in diets of broiler chicken raised in hot weather and effects on antioxidant capacity, lipid components in the blood and immune responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e50587
Author(s):  
Ali Rafei-Tari ◽  
Ali Asghar Sadeghi ◽  
Seyed Naser Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Olive Oils ◽  
Lipid Components

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of vegetable oils on the antioxidant capacity, blood lipid components and immune responses in chickens raised in hot climate. In a completely randomized design, 300 chicks were assigned to four treatments and five replicates with 15 chicks per each. The highest concentration of malondialdehyde was found in broilers fed palm oil (p < 0.05). Chickens fed corn oil had the lowest and those fed flaxseed oil had the highest antioxidant enzymes activities (p < 0.05). The highest hepatic Alanine-transferase and Aspartate-transferase was found in chickens fed corn oil and the lowest levels in those received flaxseed and olive oils (p < 0.05). The highest hypersensitivity was in chickens fed palm oil and the lowest was for olive oil. The highest antibody titer against sheep red blood cells was found in chickens fed flaxseed oil and the lowest titer was for those received palm oil (p < 0.05). The highest triglyceride, cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein and the lowest high density lipoprotein was found in chickens fed palm oil and vice versa for flaxseed and olive oils. Olive and flaxseed oils had beneficial effects on antioxidant activity and lipid attributes and palm oil had detrimental effects on these parameters that related to the poultry health.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF EFFICIENCY OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC IMPREGNATING COMPOSITIONS FOR BIRCH WOOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Larisa Belchinskaya ◽  
A. Dmitrenkov ◽  
Konstantin Zhuzhukin
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Hydrophobic Properties ◽  
Natural Wood ◽  
Oil Sunflower

The article is devoted to the study of technologies for the use of used motor and vegetable oils for hydrophobizing treatment of birch wood. In this work, synthetic and semi-synthetic engine oil is used to impregnate wood; spent corn oil, sunflower oil, organosilicon liquid GKZh-11, industrial impregnating composition of ZhTK. The effectiveness of the impregnating compositions is estimated by the indicators of water absorption and swelling in two mutually perpendicular directions (radial, tangential). Spent motor and vegetable oils saturate wood quite well and give it hydrophobic properties. At the same time, impregnation of birch wood with used engine oil (OMM) allows to improve water absorption of birch wood by 52.1% compared to natural wood and by 21% compared to water absorption. Thus, the processing of birch wood with used motor and vegetable oils makes it possible to utilize production waste and improve the properties of low-value wood species with a significant increase in its resistance to external influences.

Characterization and Identification of Isoflavonoids in the Roots of Millettia speciosa Champ. by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 580-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Yu ◽  
Xianrui Liang
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Molecular Ions ◽  
Aliphatic Acid ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Diagnostic Fragment ◽  
Toxicological Research ◽  
Tof Ms

Introduction: The root of Millettia speciosa Champ. (Leguminosae) is one of the wellknown traditional Chinese medicines abundant in phenolic compounds and plays important roles in the treatment of pain or numbness of the joints, blood deficiency sallow, chronic bronchitis and chronic hepatitis. Objective: An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) based chemical profiling approach was established for the separation and characterization of isoflavonoids in the roots of Millettia speciosa Champ. Methods: The roots of Millettia speciosa Champ. were prepared by ethanol extraction followed by further extraction with chloroform. The extracts were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS in positive and negative electrospray ion modes at different Collision Energy (CE) values. Results: A total of 48 components were simultaneously detected, of which 38 components, including 21 isoflavones, 4 phenolic acids, 4 isoflavanones, 2 phenolic aldehydes, 2 flavanones, 1 aliphatic acid, 1 chalcone, 1 flavonol, 1 isoflavane and 1 pterocarpan were unambiguously identified or tentatively assigned based on the retention time, UV spectra, characteristic molecular ions, MS/MS fragmentation data and reference standards. The isomers of isoflavonoids were distinguished using accurate mass, the diagnostic fragmentations of C-ring and UV spectra. The major diagnostic fragment ions of isoflavonoids were observed and the corresponding fragmentation pathways were proposed. Conclusion: This investigation provides important analysis data for further quality control, pharmacological and toxicological research on Millettia speciosa Champ.

scholarly journals Interactions between protein and vegetable oils in the maternal diet determine the programming of the insulin axis in the rat

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 912-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Maloney ◽  
Christina Lilley ◽  
Alicja Czopek ◽  
Susan M. Hay ◽  
William D. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Soya Oil ◽  
Protein Diets

The available evidence suggests that metabolic control mechanisms are programmed early in life. Previous studies of pregnant rats fed low-protein diets have suggested that the vegetable oils used in the experimental diets influence the outcome. The present study investigated the offspring of female rats fed semi-synthetic diets containing either 180 or 90 g casein/kg with 70 g/kg (w/w) of either corn oil or soya oil during gestation. During lactation, the dams received stock diet, and the offspring were subsequently weaned onto the stock diet. The offspring of dams fed the low-protein diets were smaller at birth. At 25 weeks of age, the offspring were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test. In the offspring of dams fed the diet containing soya oil, the area under the insulin curve was affected by the protein content of the maternal diet. There was no effect of protein on the area under the insulin curve in the offspring of dams fed the diet prepared with corn oil. There were no differences in plasma glucose concentrations. The levels of mRNA for acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 in the livers of female offspring were affected by the protein and oil content of the maternal diet. The level of carnitine palmitoyl transferase mRNA was affected by the protein content of the maternal diet. The present study suggests that PUFA in the maternal diet can interact with protein metabolism to influence the development of the offspring. This may involve the higher content of α-linolenic acid in soya oil compared with corn oil.

scholarly journals Gibberellin Status of Spectral Filter-grown Chrysanthemum Plants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 581c-581
Author(s):  
Sorua L. Maki ◽  
Melissa B. Riley ◽  
Nihal C. Rajapakse
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectral Filter ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Shoot Apices ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Kováts Retention Indices

Endogenous gibberellins of chrysanthemum [Dendranthema ×grandiflorum (Ramat)] cv. Bright Golden Anne were characterized in apices from plants grown under control and CuSO4 spectral filters. Expanding shoots were separated into young expanding leaves and apices. Methanolic extracts of young expanding leaves were purified by solvent partitioning, PVPP column chromatography and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Two bioactive regions corresponding to the HPLC retention times of GA1 and GA19 standards were detected in fractions using the recently-developed non-dwarf rice bioassay. Di-deuterated internal standards of GA12, GA53, GA19, GA20, and GA1 were added to similar extracts of shoot apices. The presence of endogenous GA53, GA19, GA20, and GA1 in chrysanthemum apices was confirmed by isotope dilution using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring and Kovats retention indices. In a preliminary quantification study, GA20 and GA1 levels were found to be higher in apices from plants grown under control filters while GA19 levels were higher in apices grown under CuSO4 filters. The possibility that light transmitted through CuSO4 filters alters gibberellin levels in shoot apices is discussed.

scholarly journals GIBBERELLIN PHYSIOLOGY OF SPECTRAL FILTER-GROWN CHRYSANTHEMUM PLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 752b-752
Author(s):  
Sonja L. Maki ◽  
Nihal C. Rajapakse
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Retention Indices ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Selected Ion Monitoring ◽  
Internal Standards ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Kováts Retention Indices ◽  
Deuterated Internal Standard

Endogenous gibberellins of chrysanthemum [Dendrathema×grandiflorum (Ramat) cv. Bright Golden Anne] were characterized in preparation for quantification of endogenous gibberellins in apices under control and CuSO4 spectral filters. Expanding shoots were separated into young expanding leaves and apices. Methanolic extracts of young expanding leaves were purified by solvent partitioning, PVPP column chromatography, and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Two bioactive regions corresponding to the HPLC retention times of GA and GA19 standards were detected in fractions using the recently developed non-dwarf rice bioassay. Dideuterated internal standards of GA12, GA53, GA19, GA20, and GA1 were added to similar extracts of shoot apices. The presence of endogenous GA53, GA19, GA20, and GA1 in chrysanthemum apices was confirmed by isotope dilution using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring and Kovats retention indices. Ions for the deuterated internal standard of GA12 were detected, but not for endogenous GA12. The above results demonstrate that the early 13-hydroxylation pathway operates in chrysanthemum.

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