scholarly journals On the incremental growth and shrinkage of LR goto-graphs

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 419-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Cazzola ◽  
Edoardo Vacchi
Keyword(s):  
Incremental Growth

scholarly journals Tree-Ring Analysis of Intermediate Hawthorn (Crataegus media Bechst.) in NW Poland

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Anna Cedro ◽  
Bernard Cedro
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Incremental Growth ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
Uncultivated Land ◽  
Nw Poland

Intermediate hawthorn (Crataegus × media Bechst.) is broadly distributed in Europe but very rarely examined by dendrochronologists. In NW Poland, it is one of three naturally occurring hawthorn species, growing mainly at forest margins, along roads, in mid-field woodlots, and on uncultivated land. Biocenotically, it is a very valuable species. This study aimed to determine the age of trees, tree-ring dynamics, and growth–climate relationship for intermediate hawthorn. Signature years were also determined. Samples for analysis were collected from 22 trees growing in a typical agricultural landscape in a monospecific mid-field woodlot comprised of several hundred specimens of various ages and forms (shrubs and trees). Using classic methods of dendrochronological dating, a 40-year long chronology spanning 1981–2020 was constructed. The radial growth rate of intermediate hawthorn is comparable to other tree species forming stands in NW Poland and equals 2.41 mm/year. Considerable intersubject variability is noted, from 1.48 to 4.44 mm/year. The chronology was also used for dendroclimatological analyses, including correlation and response function and signature years. Of the meteorological parameters analyzed, annual incremental growth in hawthorn is the most strongly shaped by precipitation totals from May to August of the current vegetation year: high rainfall favors the formation of wide tree-rings. Statistically significant growth–climate relationships were also obtained for winter months (December of the preceding vegetation year, January and February), for which period negative correlation and regression values are noted for air temperature and insolation. Furthermore, high precipitation, low-temperature and low insolation late in the preceding vegetation year (especially in August) make a positive influence on the condition of trees in the upcoming growing season. Signature year analysis clearly pointed to precipitation as the dominant factor in shaping tree-rings in the studied hawthorn population. As there are no dendrochronological papers concerning indigenous hawthorn species, future studies should be expanded to include diverse geographic locations and habitat conditions and should include all three species of hawthorn occurring in Poland.

Melampsora medusae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Walker
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Melampsora Medusae ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Incremental Growth

Abstract A description is provided for Melampsora medusae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia on Coniferae, especially Larix and Pseudotsuga, less commonly on Pinus and other genera (Ziller, 1965). Uredinia and telia on species of Populus, especially Populus deltoides, and its varieties and hybrids P. balsamifera, P. nigra var. italica and others. Its exact host range on species of Populus is not known due to confusion with other species of Melampsora and to uncertainty in the reported identity of some species of Populus and clones (Walker, Hartigan & Bertus, 1974). DISEASE: Leaf rust of poplars, causing severe leaf damage and early defoliation on susceptible species and clones. Continued defoliation of successive flushes of growth predisposes trees to winter injury and dieback (Peace, 1962) and can cause death of trees, especially nursery stock and trees 1-2 yr old (25, 204; 47, 241; Walker Haitigan & Bertus, 1974). Reduction in incremental growth of timber occurs with susceptible varieties. Some damage can occur to the conifer hosts. It is often severe on Pseudotsuga menziesii (45, 459; 47, 126) and in nurseries Pinus spp. and Larix spp. can be heavily attacked (Ziller, 1965). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America (Canada, USA), Asia (Japan); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, New Zealand); Europe (France, Spain). Reports of Melampsora spp. on poplars (including P. deltoides and P. canadensis) from South America (Argentina, 21, 173), Uruguay (Lindquist & de Rosengurtt, 1967) may refer in part to M. medusae. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne urediniospores, often over long distances (suspected from eastern Australia to New Zealand). Urediniospores survive the winter in milder climates on semi-evergreen lines and on green sucker growth of deciduous trees. This is probably the main method of overwintering in the Southern Hemisphere and in warmer parts of the Northern Hemisphere. The possibility of bud carryover as occurs with M. epitea on Salix in Iceland (Jorstad, 1951) and the Canadian Arctic (Savile, 1972) should be investigated. Telia survive the winter and basidiospores formed in spring infect susceptible conifers in parts of the Northern Hemisphere (Ziller, 1965) but no conifer infection has so far been found in Australia.

scholarly journals Responses of carbon dioxide flux and plant biomass to water table drawdown in a treed peatland in northern Alberta: a climate change perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Munir ◽  
B. Xu ◽  
M. Perkins ◽  
M. Strack
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Flux ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
C Stocks ◽  
Incremental Growth

Abstract. Northern peatland ecosystems represent large carbon (C) stocks that are susceptible to changes such as accelerated mineralization due to water table lowering expected under a climate change scenario. During the growing seasons (1 May to 31 October) of 2011 and 2012 we monitored CO2 fluxes and plant biomass along a microtopographic gradient (hummocks-hollows) in an undisturbed dry continental boreal treed bog (control) and a nearby site that was drained (drained) in 2001. Ten years of drainage in the bog significantly increased coverage of shrubs at hummocks and lichens at hollows. Considering measured hummock coverage and including tree incremental growth, we estimate that the control site was a sink of −92 in 2011 and −70 g C m−2 in 2012, while the drained site was a source of 27 and 23 g C m−2 over the same years. We infer that, drainage-induced changes in vegetation growth led to increased biomass to counteract a portion of soil carbon losses. These results suggest that spatial variability (microtopography) and changes in vegetation community in boreal peatlands will affect how these ecosystems respond to lowered water table potentially induced by climate change.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of Special Metals in Emerging Industries

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Y TEH ◽  
Min-Hao Wu ◽  
Kf Chen ◽  
Yp Peng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Emerging Industries ◽  
Incremental Growth ◽  
Conventional Methods

This project is carried out to assess the remediation effect on soil contaminated by molybdenum (Mo), one of heavy metals, through the use of an energy crop, sunflowers. This project explores the integration of phytohormones and chelates in the phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals, and further assesses the operational measures of remedying heavy-metal contaminated soil with sunflowers, in addition to the related environmental factors. Then the project explores phytohormones and heavy metals on the growth scenario explants (explants morphological analysis) through the experiment. The results indicate that GA3 can increase the growth rate of the plants. The average incremental growth of the heavy-metal-added-only group is 21.0 cm; of the GA3-added group it is 21.9 cm; of the EDDS-added group, it is 20.3 cm; of the GA3+ EDDS-added group, it is 21.7 cm. Compared with the conventional methods of phytoremediation, these integrated measures can actually spur the growth of plants. 

Growth of largemouth bass in a dynamic estuarine environment: an evaluation of the relative effects of salinity, diet, and temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Glover ◽  
Dennis R. DeVries ◽  
Russell A. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Largemouth Bass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Freshwater Inflow ◽  
Estuarine Environment ◽  
Spatial And Seasonal Variation ◽  
Maximum Water Temperature ◽  
Incremental Growth

Some freshwater fishes occur regularly in estuarine areas that experience spatial and seasonal variation in marine influence. These dynamic abiotic and biotic conditions potentially influence food consumption and growth. We found that effects of an estuarine environment on the growth of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in Alabama's Mobile–Tensaw River Delta depended on body size, distance from the marine source, and amount of freshwater inflow. Incremental growth analyses demonstrated that young largemouth bass (<age-3) grew more rapidly downstream in the estuarine environment declining with distance upstream; this relationship was reversed for older fish with faster growth in fresher, upstream areas. The magnitude of freshwater inflow influenced the relationship between age-specific growth and proximity to Mobile Bay. Bioenergetics simulations suggest that interactions among size-specific metabolic cost of salinity, maximum water temperature, and spatial differences in both salinity and prey energetic content can explain these growth patterns. The cost–benefit of the estuarine environment to largemouth bass is not only dynamic seasonally, but also changes ontogenetically because of shifts in salinity tolerance and prey use.

No simple relationship between above-ground tree growth and fine-litter production in tropical forests

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke P. Shoo ◽  
Jeremy VanDerWal
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Geographic Coverage ◽  
Incremental Growth

An important deficiency of the tropical forest data set on above-ground net primary productivity (ANPP) is the paucity of studies where requisite components of forest productivity have been measured at the same location. Missing data on above-ground biomass increment (ABI, which refers to the incremental growth of trees) and fine-litter production (leaves, fruit, flowers, small twigs, but excluding coarse woody debris) is particularly problematic as these are the two major components of ANPP. The fragmentary nature of the data is reflected by the fact that only 13 of 39 (33%) plots reviewed by Clark et al. (2001) and 8 of 104 (8%) plots reviewed by Malhi et al. (2004) had data on both major components of productivity. In an attempt to retain the geographic coverage and replication of data in analyses, researchers have proposed ways to infer missing data. Typically ratios or (more recently) fitted relationships between ABI and litter production have been used for this purpose (Bray & Gorham 1964, Clark et al. 2001, Murphy 1975).

scholarly journals Validation of Age Estimation in the Harp Seal, Phoca groenlandica, Using Dentinal Annuli

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1430-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Bowen ◽  
D. E. Sergeant ◽  
T. Øritsland
Keyword(s):  
Outer Layer ◽  
Age Estimation ◽  
Transverse Section ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Harp Seal ◽  
Growth Layer ◽  
Phoca Groenlandica ◽  
Incremental Growth ◽  
Absolute Age

We investigated the validity and accuracy of age estimation in harp seals, Phoca groenlandica, using a sample of 155 known-age teeth from seals age 3 mo to 10 yr. Under transmitted light, transverse sections of harp seal canine teeth showed distinct incremental growth layers (IGLs) in the dentine. The first growth-layer group (GLG), representing Ist-year growth, consists of two IGLs: an outer layer of opaque dentine, bounded by the neonatal line, and an inner layer of translucent dentine. Subsequent GLGs, each representing 1 yr of growth, generally consist of three IGLs: an outer layer of interglobular dentine deposited during the annual molt in April, a middle layer of opaque dentine formed during the northward spring migration (May–June), and an inner layer of translucent dentine formed from July to March. We show that dentinal GLGs can be used to estimate the absolute age of harp seals. The accuracy of the method decreases with age. Only 72.4% of estimates of 0-group seals were correct using only transverse sections. These errors were virtually eliminated (99.0% correct age determination) when the tooth root was examined. Based on a single examination of a transverse section, the probabilities of correctly estimating age are 0.983, 0.889, 0.817, and 0.553 at ages 1, 2, 3, and 4 + yr, respectively, when clearly inaccurate tag-tooth associations are omitted. The respective probabilities are only slightly higher when age is based on the average of five blind readings, being 1.0, 0.889, 0.833, and 0.625. Beyond age 3 yr, existing data are insufficient to estimate reliably the accuracy of age determined by counting GLGs.

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