scholarly journals Metabolic diversity in biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by lactic acid bacteria involving conjugated fatty acid production

2009 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenobu Kishino ◽  
Jun Ogawa ◽  
Kenzo Yokozeki ◽  
Sakayu Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Metabolic Diversity ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Conjugated Fatty Acid

Characteristics of bifidobacterial conjugated fatty acid and hydroxy fatty acid production and its potential application in fermented milk

LWT ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 108940 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Gao ◽  
Bo Yang ◽  
Catherine Stanton ◽  
R. Paul Ross ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Hydroxy Fatty Acid ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Conjugated Fatty Acid

scholarly journals A Futile Metabolic Cycle of Fatty Acyl-CoA Hydrolysis and Resynthesis in Corynebacterium glutamicum and Its Disruption Leading to Fatty Acid Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Ikeda ◽  
Keisuke Takahashi ◽  
Tatsunori Ohtake ◽  
Ryosuke Imoto ◽  
Haruka Kawakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Mycolic Acids

Fatty acyl-CoA thioesterase (Tes) and acyl-CoA synthetase (FadD) catalyze opposing reactions between acyl-CoAs and free fatty acids. Within the genome of Corynebacterium glutamicum, several candidate genes for each enzyme are present, although their functions remain unknown. Modified expressions of the candidate genes in the fatty acid producer WTΔfasR led to identification of one tes gene (tesA) and two fadD genes (fadD5 and fadD15), which functioned positively and negatively in fatty acid production, respectively. Genetic analysis showed that fadD5 and fadD15 are responsible for utilization of exogenous fatty acids and that tesA plays a role in supplying fatty acids for synthesis of the outer layer components mycolic acids. Enzyme assays and expression analysis revealed that tesA, fadD5, and fadD15 were co-expressed to create a cyclic route between acyl-CoAs and fatty acids. When fadD5 or fadD15 was disrupted in wild-type C. glutamicum, both disruptants excreted fatty acids during growth. Double disruptions of them resulted in a synergistic increase in production. Additional disruption of tesA revealed a canceling effect on production. These results indicate that the FadDs normally shunt the surplus of TesA-generated fatty acids back to acyl-CoAs for lipid biosynthesis and that interception of this shunt provokes cells to overproduce fatty acids. When this strategy was applied to a fatty acid high-producer, the resulting fadDs-disrupted and tesA-amplified strain exhibited a 72% yield increase relative to its parent and produced fatty acids, which consisted mainly of oleic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid, on the gram scale per liter from 1% glucose. IMPORTANCE The industrial amino acid producer Corynebacterium glutamicum has currently evolved into a potential workhorse for fatty acid production. In this organism, we obtained evidence showing the presence of a unique mechanism of lipid homeostasis, namely, a formation of a futile cycle of acyl-CoA hydrolysis and resynthesis mediated by acyl-CoA thioesterase (Tes) and acyl-CoA synthetase (FadD), respectively. The biological role of the coupling of Tes and FadD would be to supply free fatty acids for synthesis of the outer layer components mycolic acids and to recycle their surplusage to acyl-CoAs for membrane lipid synthesis. We further demonstrated that engineering of the cycle in a fatty acid high-producer led to dramatically improved production, which provides a useful engineering strategy for fatty acid production in this industrially important microorganism.

scholarly journals Elucidation of carbon sources used for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and sterols in the trypanosomatid Leishmania mexicana

1999 ◽  
Vol 342 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. GINGER ◽  
Michael L. CHANCE ◽  
L. John GOAD
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Mevalonic Acid ◽  
Leishmania Mexicana ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Quantitative Measurements ◽  
Major Sterol

Sterols are necessary for the growth of trypanosomatid protozoans; sterol biosynthesis is a potential target for the use and development of drugs to treat the diseases caused by these organisms. This study has used 14C-labelled substrates to investigate the carbon sources utilized by promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania mexicana for the production of sterol [mainly ergosta-5,7,24(241)-trien-3β-ol] and the fatty acid moieties of the triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid (PL) of the organism. The isoprenoid precursor mevalonic acid (MVA) was incorporated into the sterols, and the sterol precursor squalene, by the promastigotes of L. mexicana. However, acetate (the precursor to MVA in most organisms) was a very poor substrate for sterol production but was readily incorporated into the fatty acids of TAG and PL. Other substrates (glucose, palmitic acid, alanine, serine and isoleucine), which are metabolized to acetyl-CoA, were also very poor precursors to sterol but were incorporated into TAG and PL and gave labelling patterns of the lipids similar to those of acetate. In contrast, the amino acid leucine was the only substrate to be incorporated efficiently into the squalene and sterol of L. mexicana promastigotes. Quantitative measurements revealed that at least 70-80% of the sterol synthesized by the promastigotes of L. mexicana is produced from carbon provided by leucine metabolism. Studies with the amastigote form of L. mexicana showed that in this case leucine was again the major sterol precursor, whereas acetate was utilized for fatty acid production.

Novel multi-component enzyme machinery in lactic acid bacteria catalyzing CC double bond migration useful for conjugated fatty acid synthesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 416 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigenobu Kishino ◽  
Si-Bum Park ◽  
Michiki Takeuchi ◽  
Kenzo Yokozeki ◽  
Sakayu Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Double Bond Migration ◽  
Conjugated Fatty Acid

Studies on the production of volatile fatty acids from grass by rumen liquor in an artificial rumen: III. A note on the volatile fatty acid production from crude fibre and grass cellulose

1957 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. John ◽  
G. Barnett ◽  
R. L. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fatty Acid Production

1. The findings presented in two previous papers on the yields of volatile fatty acids, obtained by the action of rumen liquor in the artificial rumen, from fresh grass, dried grass and the water-soluble and water-insoluble separates of the latter, have been amplified by a consideration of the acids similarly obtained from specimens of chemically prepared crude fibre and cellulose, from four of the dried grass specimens.2. The proportions of different volatile fatty acids from grass crude fibre and grass cellulose resemble those obtained from cellulose powder, propionic acid being produced in greatest relative yield.3. A general review of these latter findings, in relation to those already presented, has been given.

Three Different Methods of Inhibiting Lipolysis in Human Chyme in Vitro: Efficiency and Effect on Phase Distribution of Lipids

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Fine ◽  
P. L. Zentler-Munro ◽  
T. C. Northfield
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Micellar Phase

1. The efficiencies of three different methods of inhibiting fatty acid production in chyme have been evaluated. The effects of each method on the phase distribution of fatty acids after ultracentrifugation have been studied. 2. Chyme fatty acid concentrations were measured during a 4 h incubation (a) without an inhibitor, (b) after acid treatment, (c) after addition of p-bromophenyl-boronic acid and (d) after heating. 3. In a separate experiment, fresh chyme was incubated to allow equilibration of lipolysis. Aliquots were treated by each inactivation method and ultracentrifuged overnight to separate the phases. Total and micellar fatty acids and glycerides were measured. 4. In the first experiment, acid treatment completely inhibited fatty acid generation producing 4 h concentrations which were 93.4 ± 5.6% (mean ± sem) of initial values compared with 398.0 ± 54.0% (P < 0.05) for uninhibited samples. p-Bromophenylboronic acid and heating gave significant but incomplete inhibition (132.9 ± 6.6% and 166.1 ± 15.2% of initial concentrations, respectively). 5. Ultracentrifugation disclosed five phases in all except the acid-treated samples, which had four. Micellar phase fatty acid concentrations were significantly higher in the acid-treated than in the untreated samples (2.6 ± 0.7 versus 1.7 ± 0.5 mmol/l, P = 0.05), as were glyceride concentrations (1.5 ± 0.4 vs 0.6 ± 0.3 mmol/l, P = 0.05). 6. It was concluded that acid treatment was the most efficient inhibitor of fatty acid production, but it disrupted the phases. p-Bromophenylboronic acid gave significant inhibition without causing phase disruption and was therefore the most useful inhibitor overall.

scholarly journals Gene Transformation by Chitosan Nanoparticle to Enhance Fatty Acid Production in Zea mays (L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 2971-2978
Author(s):  
EMAN TAWFIK HUSSIEN ◽  
◽  
MOHAMMED IBRAHIM DAHAB ◽  
KAREEM MOHAMMED ABD-ELATTY ◽  
ISLAM HAMDY EL-SHENAWY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Gene Transformation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Acetyl Coa ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Transgenic Lines

Zea mays is an important crop and an essential source of fatty acids. Hence, increasing and adding new fatty acids led to the enhancement of these properties. Transformation of external Acetyl-CoA gene (Aco) can enhance fatty acid components, as ACo is expressed into Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) enzyme, which is the first essential step in the fatty acid production process. Chitosan nanoparticles are safe and fast polymer nanoparticles that are applied for gene transformation. Conventional PCR was performed for the detection of the ACo gene in both transgenic and nontransgenic maize lines. The results confirm the presence of the gene in the transgenic lines and absence in non-transgenic lines. The Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for fatty acid contents in transgenic and non-transgenic maize lines showed an increase in fatty acid contents in transgenic lines compared to non-transgenic ones. Besides, the transgenic maize’s lines produced extra new fatty acids not found in non-transgenic ones.

scholarly journals Improving the conjugated linoleic acid content and the sensorial characteristics of Argentinean semi-hard goat cheeses by adding cultures of native lactic acid bacteria

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-263
Author(s):  
Natalia Taboada ◽  
Carina Van Nieuwenhove ◽  
Roxana Medina ◽  
Soledad López Alzogaray
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Adjunct Cultures ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
Native Strains ◽  
Esterase Activities

In this study the physicochemical, microbiological, and fatty acid compositions together with the specific esterase activities of semi-hard goat cheeses made from native strains as starter and adjunct cultures were evaluated and compared against those of manufactured using commercial culture cheeses. The physicochemical composition was similar among cheeses, while the lactic acid bacteria were the predominant microbiota in all samples. The highest specific esterase activities were detected in cheeses with native strains. The fatty acid profile was significantly affected by native strains during the ripening time (60 days) since the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) level increased from 0.60 to 1.03 g 100 g-1 of fatty acids, whereas cheeses with commercial starter showed a CLA content of about 0.60 g of fatty acids. In cheeses with native strains, it was detected the highest desirable fatty acids, Δ9-desaturase and CLA desaturase indexes and the lowest atherogenicity index. The native strains inoculated as starter and adjunct cultures, grew conveniently in the cheese, developed their full potential as reflected by the profile of the metabolites released during ripening and in the global sensory perception of cheeses, and contributed thus to the development of a healthier food.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document