Exploitation of acid-tolerant microbial species for the utilization of low-cost whey in the production of acetic acid and propylene glycol

AbstractGoalIn this work, we propose methods for (1) automatic feature extraction and classification for acetic acid and Lugol’s iodine cervigrams and (2) methods for combining features/diagnosis of different contrasts in cervigrams for improved performance.MethodsWe developed algorithms to pre-process pathology-labeled cervigrams and to extract simple but powerful color and textural-based features. The features were used to train a support vector machine model to classify cervigrams based on corresponding pathology for visual inspection with acetic acid, visual inspection with Lugol’s iodine, and a combination of the two contrasts.ResultsThe proposed framework achieved a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 81.3%, 78.6%, and 80.0%, respectively when used to distinguish cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN+) relative to normal and benign tissues. This is superior to the average values achieved by three expert physicians on the same data set for discriminating normal/benign cases from CIN+ (77% sensitivity, 51% specificity, 63% accuracy).ConclusionThe results suggest that utilizing simple color- and textural-based features from visual inspection with acetic acid and visual inspection with Lugol’s iodine images may provide unbiased automation of cervigrams.SignificanceThis would enable automated, expert-level diagnosis of cervical pre-cancer at the point-of-care.

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Relative Volatilities of Ester and Amine Forms of 2,4-D

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500065358 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 26-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. Grover

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Propylene Glycol ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Flow System ◽

Butyl Ether ◽

Technical Grade ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid ◽

Amine Salts

The relative volatilities of various technical and formulated ester and amine salts of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid] were determined in a closed air-flow system consisting of a volatilization chamber and an ethylene glycol trap. The system was operated at a flow rate of 28.8 L/hr and a temperature of 30 C. Trapped herbicide vapor was analyzed by gas chromatography. The relative volatilities of technical gradeiso-propyl, butyl, propylene glycol butyl ether, andiso-octyl esters, were 56, 25 to 38, 4, and 1, respectively. The relative volatilities of various formulated esters and amines were of the magnitude of 440:33:1 for the high volatile, low volatile, and amine salts, respectively.

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Visual inspection of cervix with acetic acid as a feasible screening test for cervical neoplasia among women attending at OPD in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽

10.3329/kyamcj.v9i2.38148 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 56-60

Author(s):

Nahid Yusuf ◽

Md Ahmed Ali ◽

Nazmun Nahar ◽

Shipra Chaudhury ◽

Md Zillur Rahman

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Low Cost ◽

Low Grade ◽

College Hospital ◽

Health Care Centre ◽

Simple Method

Background: Visual inspection of cervix after application of 3-5% acetic acid (VIA) is a potential alternative to Pap smear cytology for screening of cervical cancer in resource poor settings.Objectives: This study was to evaluate the performance of visual inspection based screening approach in the detection of precancerous and early cancerous lesions of the cervix.Materials & Methods: VIA was carried out in 540 eligible women attending Gynae OPD. Detection of well-defined, opaque, acetowhite lesion close to squamocolumnar junction or in transitional zone of the cervix constituted positive VIA. All screened women evaluated by colposcopy and biopsy were taken from colposcopically suspected areas. The final diagnosis was based on histology.Results: Out of 540 patients, 328 were VIA negative and 212 were VIA positive. Colposcopy showed normal results in 340 cases, low grade CIN in 138 cases, high grade CIN in 44 cases and cancer in 18 cases. There were biopsy proven chronic cervicitis and metaplastic changes in 423 cases, CIN I in 66 cases, CIN II in 25 cases, CIN III / carcinoma-in-situ in 5 cases. The sensitivity of VIA was 74.36%, specificity 70.45%, positive predictive value 41.04%, & negative predictive value 90.85%.Conclusion: VIA can differentiate a normal cervix from a precancerous cervix with reasonable accuracy. As it is low cost and simple method, it can be set in any hospital or any health care centre of rural or urban areas of poor resource settings.KYAMC Journal Vol. 9, No.-2, July 2018, Page 56-60

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pH Manipulation as a Novel Strategy for Treating Mucormycosis

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01366-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 (11) ◽

pp. 6968-6974 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Wioleta J. Trzaska ◽

Joao N. Correia ◽

Maria T. Villegas ◽

Robin C. May ◽

Kerstin Voelz

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Major Trauma ◽

Prophylactic Treatment ◽

Low Cost ◽

Traumatic Injury ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Patients At Risk ◽

Risk Patients ◽

Novel Strategy

ABSTRACTMucormycosis is a fatal fungal disease caused by several organisms within the order Mucorales. In recent years, traumatic injury has emerged as a novel risk factor for mucormycosis. Current antifungal therapy is ineffective, expensive, and typically requires extensive surgical debridement. There is thus a pressing need for safe prophylactic treatment that can be rapidly and easily applied to high-risk patients, such as those with major trauma injuries. Acetic acid has been used as a topical treatment for burn wounds for centuries and has proven activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we demonstrate that acetic acid is also highly effective against major pathogenic groups of Mucorales, even at very low concentrations (0.3%). This antifungal effect is not seen with other acids, such as hydrochloric and lactic acid, suggesting that acetic acid activity against Mucorales spores is not solely evoked by low environmental pH. In agreement with this, we demonstrate that the antifungal activity of acetic acid arises from a combination of its ability to potently lower intracellular pH and from pH-independent toxicity. Thus, dilute acetic acid may offer a low-cost, safe, prophylactic treatment for patients at risk of invasive mucormycosis following traumatic injury.

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Studies on acetic acid fermentation. (Part I). Production of rice vinegar by a mixed culture of acetic acid-tolerant yeast and acetobacter spp.

NIPPON SHOKUHIN KOGYO GAKKAISHI ◽

10.3136/nskkk1962.36.9_726 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 36 (9) ◽

pp. 726-731 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Akihiko SAEKI

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Mixed Culture ◽

Acid Fermentation ◽

Acetic Acid Fermentation ◽

Acid Tolerant ◽

Rice Vinegar

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Integrated bioprocess for conversion of gaseous substrates to liquids

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1516867113 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 113 (14) ◽

pp. 3773-3778 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Peng Hu ◽

Sagar Chakraborty ◽

Amit Kumar ◽

Benjamin Woolston ◽

Hongjuan Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Synthesis Gas ◽

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Integrated System ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Liquid Fuels ◽

Acid Product ◽

The Individual

In the quest for inexpensive feedstocks for the cost-effective production of liquid fuels, we have examined gaseous substrates that could be made available at low cost and sufficiently large scale for industrial fuel production. Here we introduce a new bioconversion scheme that effectively converts syngas, generated from gasification of coal, natural gas, or biomass, into lipids that can be used for biodiesel production. We present an integrated conversion method comprising a two-stage system. In the first stage, an anaerobic bioreactor converts mixtures of gases of CO2 and CO or H2 to acetic acid, using the anaerobic acetogen Moorella thermoacetica. The acetic acid product is fed as a substrate to a second bioreactor, where it is converted aerobically into lipids by an engineered oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica. We first describe the process carried out in each reactor and then present an integrated system that produces microbial oil, using synthesis gas as input. The integrated continuous bench-scale reactor system produced 18 g/L of C16-C18 triacylglycerides directly from synthesis gas, with an overall productivity of 0.19 g⋅L−1⋅h−1 and a lipid content of 36%. Although suboptimal relative to the performance of the individual reactor components, the presented integrated system demonstrates the feasibility of substantial net fixation of carbon dioxide and conversion of gaseous feedstocks to lipids for biodiesel production. The system can be further optimized to approach the performance of its individual units so that it can be used for the economical conversion of waste gases from steel mills to valuable liquid fuels for transportation.

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Isolation and characterization of acetic acid-tolerant galactose-fermenting strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae from a spent sulfite liquor fermentation plant.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.58.5.1661-1669.1992 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 1661-1669 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

T Lindén ◽

J Peetre ◽

B Hahn-Hägerdal

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Acid Tolerant ◽

Spent Sulfite Liquor

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A Facile Method Combined with Acetic Acid Modification and Electroless Plating to Fabricate Copper-plated Nylon 12 Powder for Antistatic Coating

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.21.3.8439 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 81-88

Author(s):

Zhiping Sun ◽

Yuqiao Wan ◽

Chunlan Jiang ◽

Chengmei Gui

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Electroless Plating ◽

Low Cost ◽

Conductive Filler ◽

Volume Resistivity ◽

Polymer Composite Material ◽

Acid Modification ◽

Electroless Copper Plating ◽

Antistatic Coating ◽

Nylon 12

Metal particle could deposited on Nylon 12 (PA12) surface using electroless plating with excellent interface and distribution, but the use of noble metal as catalytic site would increase the process cost and restrict its application. In this work, we employed a facile technology combined with acetic acid etching and electroless copper plating to prepare Cu/PA12 composite powder, and it used as conductive filler for antistatic coating was also studied. Results manifested defects (hole and amorphous structure) and amide group established on etched PA12 surface, which would facilitate the destruction of the [Cu-EDTA] structure, and then the reduction of REDOX barrier. As a result, Cu and Cu2O particles deposited on its surface. The downward trend of volume resistivity of antistatic coating appeared the rule of slow-fast-slow. The lowest volume resistivity was about 105 ohm�cm. This means that the dependable technology has great potential application in preparing metal/polymer composite material at a low cost.

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