Prospective association between a Mediterranean-style dietary score in childhood and cardiometabolic risk in young adults from the ALSPAC birth cohort

Abstract Purpose To investigate the prospective association between a children’s relative Mediterranean-style diet score (C-rMED) in childhood and a Cardiometabolic Risk (CMR) score in adolescence/young adulthood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Methods A C-rMED was calculated at 7, 10 and 13 years from diet diary data. Anthropometric and biochemical data at 17 (N = 1940) and 24 years (N = 1961) were used to calculate CMR scores (sum of sex-specific log-transformed z-scores from triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, mean arterial blood pressure, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fat mass index (FMI)). Adjusted logistic regression models examined associations between C-rMED (categorical and 2-unit increments) and a high CMR score (≥ 80th percentile) and individual CMR components (≥ 80th percentile). Results A high C-rMED at 13 was associated with a 32% (OR 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.94)) decreased adjusted odds of having a high CMR score at 24 years, compared to participants with a low C-rMED. No associations were evident at other ages. Tracking of the C-rMED across the three ages showed a stronger negative association between C-rMED and CMR at 24 years when children had at least two high C-rMED scores from 7 to 13 years (adjusted OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.85), compared to all low scores. FMI and HOMA-IR were the main CMR components contributing to this association. Conclusion Higher Mediterranean-style diet scores in early adolescence were associated with a better CMR profile in young adults (24 year olds). This underscores the importance of establishing healthy eating habits early in life for future cardiometabolic health.

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Dietary intakes of flavan-3-ols and cardiometabolic health: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials and prospective cohort studies

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqz178 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 110 (5) ◽

pp. 1067-1078 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Gowri Raman ◽

Esther E Avendano ◽

Siyu Chen ◽

Jiaqi Wang ◽

Julia Matson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Studies ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Future Research ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Prospective Cohorts ◽

Cvd Mortality

ABSTRACT Background Although available data suggest that some dietary flavan-3-ol sources reduce cardiometabolic risk, to our knowledge no review has systematically synthesized their specific contribution. Objective We aimed to examine, for the first time, if there is consistent evidence that higher flavan-3-ol intake, irrespective of dietary source, reduces cardiometabolic risk. Methods MEDLINE, Cochrane Central, and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau abstracts were searched for prospective cohorts and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 1946 to March 2019 on flavan-3-ol intake and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Random-effects models meta-analysis was used. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach assessed the strength of evidence. Results Of 15 prospective cohorts (23 publications), 4 found highest compared with lowest habitual intakes of flavan-3-ols were associated with a 13% reduction in risk of CVD mortality and 2 found a 19% reduction in risk of chronic heart disease (CHD) incidence. Highest compared with lowest habitual intakes of monomers were associated with a reduction in risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n = 5) and stroke (n = 4) (10% and 18%, respectively). No association was found for hypertension. Of 156 RCTs, flavan-3-ol intervention resulted in significant improvements in acute/chronic flow-mediated dilation (FMD), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). All analyses, except HbA1c, were associated with moderate/high heterogeneity. When analyses were limited to good methodological quality studies, improvements in TC, HDL cholesterol, SBP, DBP, HOMA-IR, and acute/chronic FMD remained significant. In GRADE evaluations, there was moderate evidence in cohort studies that flavan-3-ol and monomer intakes were associated with reduced risk of CVD mortality, CHD, stroke, and T2DM, whereas RCTs reported improved TC, HDL cholesterol, SBP, and HOMA-IR. Conclusions Available evidence supports a beneficial effect of flavan-3-ol intake on cardiometabolic outcomes, but there was considerable heterogeneity in the meta-analysis. Future research should focus on an integrated intake/biomarker approach in cohorts and high-quality dose–response RCTs. This review was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42018035782.

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Cardiometabolic health during early adulthood and risk of miscarriage: a prospective study

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16245.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

Maria C. Magnus ◽

Diana D. S. Ferreira ◽

Maria Carolina Borges ◽

Kate Tilling ◽

Deborah A. Lawlor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Multiple Testing ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

P Value ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Several studies have found that women who are overweight or obese have an increased risk of miscarriage. There is also some evidence of associations of other aspects of cardiometabolic health, including blood pressure and lipids, with miscarriage risk, although these have not been examined to the same extent as body-mass index (BMI). Methods: Our objective was to investigate the risk of miscarriage according to pre-pregnancy cardiometabolic health. We examined pre-pregnancy levels of BMI, blood pressure, fasting insulin and metabolites profile at age 18 and risk of miscarriage by age 24. The study included adult female offspring in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children with a pregnancy between 18 and 24 years of age (n=434 for BMI and blood pressure; n=265 for metabolites). We used log-binomial regression to calculate adjusted associations between cardiometabolic health measures and miscarriage. Results: The overall risk of miscarriage was 22%. The adjusted relative risks for miscarriage were 0.96 (95% CI: 0.92-1.00) for BMI (per unit increase), 0.98 (0.96-1.00) for systolic blood pressure, and 1.00 (0.97-1.04) for diastolic blood pressure (per 1 mmHg increase). Total cholesterol, total lipids and phospholipids in HDL-cholesterol were associated with increased likelihood of miscarriage, but none of the p-values for the metabolites were below the corrected threshold for multiple testing (p-value ≤0.003). Conclusions: Our findings indicate no strong evidence to support a relationship between pre-pregnancy cardiometabolic health and risk of miscarriage in young, healthy women who became pregnant before age 24. Future studies are necessary that are able to evaluate this question in samples with a wider age range.

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Ten-year change in sedentary behaviour, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic risk: independent associations and mediation analysis

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2016-096083 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 52 (16) ◽

pp. 1063-1068 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Sara Knaeps ◽

Jan G Bourgois ◽

Ruben Charlier ◽

Evelien Mertens ◽

Johan Lefevre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Mediation Effects

BackgroundWe aimed to study the independent associations of 10-year change in sedentary behaviour (SB), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and objectively measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), with concurrent change in clustered cardiometabolic risk and its individual components (waist circumference, fasting glucose, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure). We also determined whether associations were mediated by change in CRF (for SB and MVPA), waist circumference (for SB, MVPA and CRF) and dietary intake (for SB).MethodsA population-based sample of 425 adults (age (mean±SD) 55.83±9.40; 65% men) was followed prospectively for 9.62±0.52 years. Participants self-reported SB and MVPA and performed a maximal cycle ergometer test to estimate peak oxygen uptake at baseline (2002–2004) and follow-up (2012–2014). Multiple linear regression and the product of coefficients method were used to examine independent associations and mediation effects, respectively.ResultsGreater increase in SB was associated with more detrimental change in clustered cardiometabolic risk, waist circumference, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, independently of change in MVPA. Greater decrease in MVPA was associated with greater decrease in HDL cholesterol and increase in clustered cardiometabolic risk, waist circumference and fasting glucose, independent of change in SB. Greater decrease in CRF was associated with more detrimental change in clustered cardiometabolic risk and all individual components. Change in CRF mediated the associations of change in SB and MVPA with change in clustered cardiometabolic risk, waist circumference and, only for MVPA, HDL cholesterol. Change in waist circumference mediated the associations between change in CRF and change in clustered cardiometabolic risk, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides.ConclusionsA combination of decreasing SB and increasing MVPA, resulting in positive change in CRF, is likely to be most beneficial towards cardiometabolic health.

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Cardiometabolic health during early adulthood and risk of miscarriage: a prospective study

Wellcome Open Research ◽

10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16245.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

Maria C. Magnus ◽

Diana D. S. Ferreira ◽

Maria Carolina Borges ◽

Kate Tilling ◽

Deborah A. Lawlor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Multiple Testing ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Female Offspring ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

P Value ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Several studies have found that women who are overweight or obese have an increased risk of miscarriage. There is also some evidence of associations of other aspects of cardiometabolic health, including blood pressure and lipids, with miscarriage risk, although these have not been examined to the same extent as body-mass index (BMI). Methods: Our objective was to investigate the risk of miscarriage according to pre-pregnancy cardiometabolic health. We examined pre-pregnancy levels of BMI, blood pressure, fasting insulin and metabolites profile at age 18 and risk of miscarriage by age 24. The study included adult female offspring in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children with a pregnancy between 18 and 24 years of age (n=434 for BMI and blood pressure; n=265 for metabolites). We used log-binomial regression to calculate adjusted associations between cardiometabolic health measures and miscarriage. Results: The overall risk of miscarriage was 22%. The adjusted relative risks for miscarriage were 0.96 (95% CI: 0.92-1.00) for BMI (per unit increase), 0.98 (0.96-1.00) for systolic blood pressure, and 1.00 (0.97-1.04) for diastolic blood pressure (per 1 mmHg increase). Total cholesterol, total lipids and phospholipids in HDL-cholesterol were associated with increased likelihood of miscarriage, but none of the p-values for the metabolites were below the corrected threshold for multiple testing (p-value ≤0.003). Conclusions: Pre-pregnancy cardiometabolic health in late adolescence was not associated with miscarriage risk in young, healthy women who became pregnant before age 24.

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Effects of Caloric Restriction and Rope-Skipping Exercise on Cardiometabolic Health: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial in Young Adults

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13093222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 3222

Author(s):

Zhaoxie Tang ◽

Yingan Ming ◽

Miao Wu ◽

Jiajia Jing ◽

Suhua Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Body Fat ◽

Calorie Restriction ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Interleukin 8 ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Rope Skipping

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of calorie restriction (CR), rope-skipping (RS) exercise, and their joint effects on cardiometabolic health in young adults. An 8-week randomized trial was conducted on 46 undergraduates aged 19–21 y from South China. The participants were randomized into the following three groups: Calorie restriction (CR) group (n = 14), Rope-skipping (RS) group (n = 14), and CR plus RS (CR–RS) group (n = 12). At both allocation and the end of the intervention, data on anthropometry, serum metabolic, and inflammatory markers were collected. A total of 40 participants completed the intervention and were included in the analysis. After the 8-week intervention, the participants from the CR group and the CR–RS group reduced in body weight (−1.1 ± 1.7 kg, −1.3 ± 2.0 kg), body mass index (−0.4 ± 0.6 kg/m2, −0.5 ± 0.7 kg/m2), body fat percentage (−1.2 ± 1.6%, −1.7 ± 1.8%), and body fat mass (−1.1 kg (−2.2, −0.3), −1.1 kg (−2.5, −0.4)) compared to the baseline (p < 0.05 or p = 0.051). For metabolic and inflammatory factors, the participants in the CR–RS group showed significant decreases in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.40 mmol/L) and interleukin-8 (−0.73 mmol/L). While all the above markers showed no significant difference among the groups after intervention, in the subgroup of overweight/obese participants (n = 23), the CR–RS group had significantly lower blood pressure, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-8 levels than the CR or RS groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both CR and CR–RS could reduce weight and improve body composition in young adults. More importantly, in those with overweight or obesity, CR–RS intervention might be superior to either CR or RS in improving cardiometabolic health.

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Diet quality and cardiometabolic health in childhood: the Generation R Study

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-021-02673-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Noreen Z. Siddiqui ◽

Anh N. Nguyen ◽

Susana Santos ◽

Trudy Voortman

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Factor Score ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factor ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Risk Factor Score

Abstract Purpose Diet is an important determinant of cardiometabolic disease risk in adults. We aimed to study associations of diet quality with cardiometabolic health in school-age children. Methods This study was embedded in the Generation R Study a prospective population-based cohort in Rotterdam, the Netherlands and included 3991 children. Food intake was assessed with a Food-Frequency Questionnaire at age 8 years. A diet quality score (0–10) was calculated reflecting adherence to age-specific dietary guidelines. The following outcome variables were measured at age 10 years and used to create a continuous cardiometabolic risk factor score: body fat percentage, insulin, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Outcomes were expressed in age- and sex-specific standard deviation scores (SDS). Multivariable linear regression models were used to assess associations between the diet quality score and the cardiometabolic risk factor score and with the individual cardiometabolic risk factors. Results In models adjusted for socioeconomic and lifestyle factors and BMI, a higher diet quality was associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk factor score [− 0.08 per point higher diet score, (95% CI − 0.15, − 0.001)]. This association was mainly driven by associations of higher diet quality with lower systolic [− 0.04 SD (95% CI − 0.06, − 0.01)] and diastolic blood pressure [− 0.05 SD, (95% CI − 0.07, − 0.02)]. No statistically significant associations were found for insulin, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, or body fat percentage as individual factors. Conclusions We found an association between higher diet quality and better cardiometabolic health in childhood, mainly driven by a lower blood pressure. Further research is needed to explore associations of diet quality in childhood with long-term cardiometabolic health.

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Abstract P349: Accelerometer-measured Sleep Duration and Markers of Cardiometabolic Health: Findings From a Large Racially Ethnic Diverse Cohort of Older Adult Women

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p349 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Kelsie M Full ◽

Jacqueline Kerr ◽

Dana Song ◽

Atul Malhotra ◽

Linda Gallo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Duration ◽

Older Adult ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Adult Women ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

The Relationship

Background: Cross-sectional and prospective studies have demonstrated that self-reported short sleep is a predictor of cardiometabolic conditions including obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and cardiovascular events. The relationship may be non-linear, with short and long sleep related to markers of cardiometabolic risk. Research on sleep duration and cardiometabolic health is limited by use of single item self-report sleep measures and homogeneous populations. The current study tested the hypothesis that accelerometer-measured sleep duration would be significantly associated with objective markers of cardiometabolic risk in older adult women. Methods: Cross-sectional data were analyzed in 2662 women (mean age: 79.05, 52.8% white, 29.8% black, 17.4% Hispanic), from the Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study, ancillary study to the Women’s Health Initiative. Women wore accelerometers on the hip for 24 hours over 7 days and completed a daily sleep log. To be included in the present analysis women must have validated night wear for at least 3 nights. Sleep data were scored according to a standard protocol using sleep logs and visual inspection of the accelerometer data. Body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood samples were obtained at home visits prior to accelerometer monitoring. Adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, linear regression models estimated the relationship between sleep duration and BMI (kg/m 2 ), HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose (mg/dL each), and C-reactive protein (CRP; mg/L). A quadratic term for sleep was included in the models to evaluate nonlinearity. Results: The mean nightly sleep duration in the sample was 489.6 mins per night (8.16 hours) with 14.8% of the sample sleeping less than 7 hours per night and 21% sleeping more than 9 hours per night. After adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, sleep duration was significantly related to BMI (regression coefficient [ B ] :- 0.034, p<.01), and the relationship appeared to be non-linear (quadratic, p=.02). The estimated quadratic function indicated a decreasing BMI as sleep duration increased up to 500 minutes/night, and then an increasing BMI as sleep duration continued to increase beyond 500 minutes/night. Additionally, sleep duration was significantly related to CRP ( B: - 0.005, p=.03), triglycerides ( B: 0.002, p=.03) and glucose ( B: - 0.125, p=.05), with both the CRP (quadratic, p =.02) and glucose (quadratic, p =.03) relationships appearing to be u-shaped and the triglyceride relationship linear. Sleep duration was not significantly related to HDL cholesterol. Conclusions: In older women, there is a significant relationship between sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk factors, independent of age and race/ethnicity. These cross-sectional relationships should be further explored in prospective studies to inform sleep guidelines for better cardiovascular health in older adult women.

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Elevated circulating microRNA-122 is associated with obesity and insulin resistance in young adults

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-14-0867 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 172 (3) ◽

pp. 291-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Rui Wang ◽

Jie Hong ◽

Yanan Cao ◽

Juan Shi ◽

Weiqiong Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Young Adults ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Circulating Microrna ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Functional Studies ◽

Control Subjects

ObjectiveMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the regulation of adiposity, but functional studies have yielded inconclusive results. Examining the associations of circulating miRNAs levels with obesity and insulin sensitivity in humans may lead to improved insights.Design and methodsSerum samples collected from 112 obese and control subjects (50.0% men) were randomly divided and combined into four pools (28 samples in each obese or control pool). The genome-wide circulating miRNA profiles were detected via microarray. Elevated miR-122 was selected and validated in individual serum samples from 123 obese (46.7% men) and 107 control (50.0% men) young adults. Associations between circulating miR-122 levels and parameters related to adiposity, insulin resistance, lipid profiles and hepatic enzymes were further assessed.ResultsThirty-four miRNAs were found to be expressed differently in the sera of obese patients compared with control subjects (P<0.001). Further analyses confirmed that obese patients had 3.07-fold higher circulating miR-122 levels than controls (P<0.001). Serum miR-122 levels were correlated with BMI (r=0.469), alanine aminotransferase (r=0.634), triglycerides (r=0.448), HDL-cholesterol (r=−0.351) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (r=0.401, allP<0.01). After controlling for confounding factors, miR-122 remained as an independent risk factor for insulin resistance (OR=3.379, 95% CI=1.141–10.007,P=0.028).ConclusionsElevated circulating miR-122 is positively associated with obesity and insulin resistance in young adults. These findings provide a better understanding regarding the role of miRNAs in adiposity and insulin sensitivity.

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Plasma triglyceride/HDL-cholesterol ratio, insulin resistance, and cardiometabolic risk in young adults

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1194/jlr.m040584 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 2795-2799 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Miguel Murguía-Romero ◽

J. Rafael Jiménez-Flores ◽

Santiago C. Sigrist-Flores ◽

Miguel A. Espinoza-Camacho ◽

Mayra Jiménez-Morales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Young Adults ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Plasma Triglyceride ◽

Cholesterol Ratio

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Environmental and Psychological Differences in Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity Among Young Adults at Cardiometabolic Risks: A Case-Control Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30311/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ching Li ◽

Hsin-Yen Yen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Health Beliefs ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Lower Probability ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Young adults’ physical activity is a foundation of creating future healthy lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to explore differences in physical activity, sedentary behavior, walkability, and health beliefs between young adults with and without cardiometabolic risk factors and the influence of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire.Results: Totally, 1149 valid responses were received for a response rate of 86.32%. A significant effect of cardiometabolic risk factors on the physical activity and sedentary time among groups was found. Young adults at high risk had a lower probability of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than did healthy adults. Individuals who perceived that there were more recreational facilities, higher benefits of exercise, and lower barriers to exercise were more likely to participate in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.Conclusions: Engaging in physical activity from environment and psychological perspectives is necessary for young adults’ cardiometabolic health promotion.

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