Effects of Caloric Restriction and Rope-Skipping Exercise on Cardiometabolic Health: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial in Young Adults

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of calorie restriction (CR), rope-skipping (RS) exercise, and their joint effects on cardiometabolic health in young adults. An 8-week randomized trial was conducted on 46 undergraduates aged 19–21 y from South China. The participants were randomized into the following three groups: Calorie restriction (CR) group (n = 14), Rope-skipping (RS) group (n = 14), and CR plus RS (CR–RS) group (n = 12). At both allocation and the end of the intervention, data on anthropometry, serum metabolic, and inflammatory markers were collected. A total of 40 participants completed the intervention and were included in the analysis. After the 8-week intervention, the participants from the CR group and the CR–RS group reduced in body weight (−1.1 ± 1.7 kg, −1.3 ± 2.0 kg), body mass index (−0.4 ± 0.6 kg/m2, −0.5 ± 0.7 kg/m2), body fat percentage (−1.2 ± 1.6%, −1.7 ± 1.8%), and body fat mass (−1.1 kg (−2.2, −0.3), −1.1 kg (−2.5, −0.4)) compared to the baseline (p < 0.05 or p = 0.051). For metabolic and inflammatory factors, the participants in the CR–RS group showed significant decreases in low density lipoprotein cholesterol (−0.40 mmol/L) and interleukin-8 (−0.73 mmol/L). While all the above markers showed no significant difference among the groups after intervention, in the subgroup of overweight/obese participants (n = 23), the CR–RS group had significantly lower blood pressure, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-8 levels than the CR or RS groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, both CR and CR–RS could reduce weight and improve body composition in young adults. More importantly, in those with overweight or obesity, CR–RS intervention might be superior to either CR or RS in improving cardiometabolic health.

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Beneficial Effect of Diazoxide in Obese Hyperinsulinemic Adults1

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jcem.83.6.4852 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 1911-1915 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ramin Alemzadeh ◽

Gina Langley ◽

Lori Upchurch ◽

Pam Smith ◽

Alfred E. Slonim

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Body Fat ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Zucker Rats ◽

Significant Difference

Hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and increased adipose tissue are hallmarks of the obesity state in both humans and experimental animals. The role of hyperinsulinemia as a possible preceding event in the development of obesity has been proposed. We previously demonstrated that administration of diazoxide (DZ), an inhibitor of insulin secretion, to obese hyperinsulinemic Zucker rats resulted in less weight gain, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and improved glucose tolerance. Assuming that hyperinsulinemia plays a major role in the development of human obesity, then its reversal should have therapeutic potential. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a randomized placebo-controlled trial in 24 hyperinsulinemic adults [body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg/m2]. All subjects were placed on a low-calorie (1260 for females and 1570 for males) Optifast (Sandoz, Minneapolis, MN) diet. After an initial 1-week lead-in period, 12 subjects (mean ± se for age and BMI, 31 ± 1 and 40 ± 2, respectively) received DZ (2 mg/kg BW·day; maximum, 200 mg/day, divided into 3 doses) for 8 weeks; and 12 subjects (mean± se for age and BMI, 28 ± 1 and 43 ± 1, respectively) received placebo. Compared with the placebo group, DZ subjects had greater weight loss (9.5 ± 0.69% vs. 4.6 ± 0.61%, P < 0.001), greater decrease in body fat (P < 0.01), greater increase in fat-free mass to body fat ratio (P < 0.01), and greater attenuation of acute insulin response to glucose (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness, as determined by the insulin-modified iv glucose tolerance test (Bergman’s minimal model) and no significant difference in glycohemoglobin values. Conclusion: 8 weeks treatment with DZ had a significant antiobesity effect in hyperinsulinemic obese adults without inducing hyperglycemia.

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Vitamin D Status in Infancy and Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescence

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_036 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 1408-1408

Author(s):

Joshua Garfein ◽

Kerry Flannagan ◽

Sheila Gahagan ◽

Raquel Burrows ◽

Betsy Lozoff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Early Life ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Vitamin D Status

Abstract Objectives Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with obesity-related conditions, but the role of early life vitamin D status is not clear. We assessed whether serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] at age 1 y was related to metabolic health through adolescence. Methods We quantified serum 25(OH)D in samples obtained at age 1 y from 307 participants in a cohort study in Santiago, Chile. Anthropometry was performed at ages 5, 10, and 16 y. At the 16 y assessment we determined body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantified metabolic parameters in a blood sample. Using linear regression, we examined the associations of infancy 25(OH)D with body mass index-for-age Z (BMIZ) at ages 5, 10, and 16 y; with % fat and % lean body mass at age 16 y; and with a metabolic syndrome (MetS) score at age 16 y. The MetS score was calculated from sex- and age-standardized values of waist circumference (WC), mean arterial pressure, the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein concentrations. Results were adjusted for sex, maternal education, breastfeeding, socioeconomic status, and BMIZ at age 1 y. Results Mean ± SD 25(OH)D concentration was 80.6 ± 33.0 nmol/L. The prevalence of 25(OH)D <50 nmol/L was 11.1%. 25(OH)D was inversely, significantly associated with BMIZ at age 5 y; every 25 nmol/L 25(OH)D was related to an adjusted 0.11 units (95% CI: 0.02, 0.20; P = 0.01) lower BMIZ. At age 16 y, every 25 nmol/L 25(OH)D was associated with a mean 1.3 points (95% CI: 0.4, 2.2; P = 0.005) lower % body fat, and a mean 1.4 points (95% CI: 0.4, 2.3; P = 0.005) higher % lean body mass. Also, every 25 nmol/L 25(OH)D in infancy was related to an adjusted 0.03 units (95% CI: 0.01, 0.05; P = 0.01) lower MetS score at age 16 y, through inverse associations with WC (−0.02 units per 25 nmol/L; 95% CI: −0.03, −0.00; P = 0.02) and HOMA-IR (−0.06 units per 25 nmol/L; 95% CI: −0.12, −0.00; P = 0.05). Conclusions Serum 25(OH)D at age 1 y is inversely associated with childhood BMIZ, % body fat at age 16 y, and a MetS score at age 16 y. Intervention studies are warranted to examine the effect of early-life vitamin D supplementation on later cardiometabolic outcomes. Funding Sources This study was funded by grants from the National Institutes of Health and the University of Michigan.

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Effect of almonds consumption on anthropometric measurements and blood parameters in overweight and obese females in a weight reduction program

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s002966512000138x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽

Author(s):

Sabiha İrem Ünal ◽

Ayla Gulden Pekcan

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Weight Reduction ◽

Fat Body ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Significant Difference

AbstractNuts are good sources of dietary fiber, magnesium, polyunsaturated fats, vitamin E, and antioxidants, all of which may have health benefits and associated with increased sensations of satiety and could have beneficial effects on weight control. This study aims to determine the effects of a balanced hypocaloric almond (30 g/day) enriched diet (AED) compared to a balanced hypocaloric almond free diet (AFD) on anthropometric measurements and blood parameters. Study was a 3-months, randomized, controlled trial with four serial measurements on 32 overweight and obese (BMI: ≥ 25 kg/m2) women, aged 25–50 years. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups (16 AED and 16 AFD). Individualized hypocaloric diets of AED considering the energy recommendation, 30 g/day of almonds was added as a snack. Demographic characteristics, nutritional habits, physical activity levels of subjects were determined by a questionnaire. 24-hour dietary intakes for 3 consecutive days (one day week-end) were recorded at the beginning, 1rd, 2nd, and 3rd months of the study. Anthropometric measurements (height, body weight, waist, hip and neck circumferences) were taken and body composition was determined by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA), BMI, waist/hip circumference ratio (WHR) and waist circumference/height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. Fasting blood glucose, insulin level, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglycerides, serum iron, haemoglobin, TSH, CRP were determined prior to and at the end (3rd month) of the study. At the beginning of the study no statistically significant difference was found between anthropometric measurements of the groups (p > 0.05). Body weight, BMI, waist, hip circumferences, WHR, WHtR, percentage of body fat, body fat mass were decreased significantly in almond and control groups compared with the beginning and 1rd, 2nd., 3rd months of the study (p = 0.001). Significant reductions in HbA1c and LDL-cholesterol levels were determined in almond group (p < 0.05). Statistically significant differences were found in insulin, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and HOMA-IR levels compared to the prior and end of study in both groups (p < 0.05). Balanced hypocaloric diet caused weight loss and improvements in anthropometric and blood parameters in both groups, but better improvement was determined with almond enriched diet. Almonds as a snack could be recommended as a healthy choice in weight reduction diets. Almonds fiber and protein content may have beneficial effects on weight reduction.

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Prospective association between a Mediterranean-style dietary score in childhood and cardiometabolic risk in young adults from the ALSPAC birth cohort

European Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s00394-021-02652-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Genevieve Buckland ◽

Caroline M. Taylor ◽

Pauline M. Emmett ◽

Laura Johnson ◽

Kate Northstone

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Health ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Prospective Association

Abstract Purpose To investigate the prospective association between a children’s relative Mediterranean-style diet score (C-rMED) in childhood and a Cardiometabolic Risk (CMR) score in adolescence/young adulthood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Methods A C-rMED was calculated at 7, 10 and 13 years from diet diary data. Anthropometric and biochemical data at 17 (N = 1940) and 24 years (N = 1961) were used to calculate CMR scores (sum of sex-specific log-transformed z-scores from triacylglycerol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, mean arterial blood pressure, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and fat mass index (FMI)). Adjusted logistic regression models examined associations between C-rMED (categorical and 2-unit increments) and a high CMR score (≥ 80th percentile) and individual CMR components (≥ 80th percentile). Results A high C-rMED at 13 was associated with a 32% (OR 0.68 (95% CI: 0.49, 0.94)) decreased adjusted odds of having a high CMR score at 24 years, compared to participants with a low C-rMED. No associations were evident at other ages. Tracking of the C-rMED across the three ages showed a stronger negative association between C-rMED and CMR at 24 years when children had at least two high C-rMED scores from 7 to 13 years (adjusted OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.85), compared to all low scores. FMI and HOMA-IR were the main CMR components contributing to this association. Conclusion Higher Mediterranean-style diet scores in early adolescence were associated with a better CMR profile in young adults (24 year olds). This underscores the importance of establishing healthy eating habits early in life for future cardiometabolic health.

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Virtual Reality-based Vision Therapy Versus OBVAT in the Treatment of Convergence Insufficiency, Accommodative Dysfunction: A Randomized Controlled Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-923595/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shijin Li ◽

Angcang Tang ◽

Bi Yang ◽

Jianglan Wang ◽

Longqian Liu

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Young Adults ◽

Therapy Group ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Convergence Insufficiency ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Clinical Trials Registry ◽

Vision Therapy ◽

Accommodative Facility

Abstract Background: Virtual reality is being increasingly applied in vision therapy. However, the differences in effectiveness, optimal treatment cycle, and prognosis between virtual reality-based vision therapy and traditional therapies remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of virtual reality-based vision therapy and office-based vergence/accommodative therapy in young adults with convergence insufficiency or accommodative dysfunction.Methods: The patients were randomly assigned to either the virtual reality-based vision therapy group or the office-based vergence/accommodative therapy group. The vision therapy lasted 12 weeks (1 h/week) in both groups. Binocular visual functions (vergence and accommodation) were measured and a subjective questionnaire-based assessment was performed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks of therapy.Results: In total, 33 patients with convergence insufficiency and 30 with accommodative dysfunction completed the study. After 12 weeks of treatment for convergence insufficiency, the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey score (F2,31 = 13.704, P < 0.001), near point of convergence (F2,31 = 21.774, P < 0.001), positive fusional vergence (F2,31 = 71.766, P< 0.001), and near horizontal phoria (F2,31 = 16.482, P < 0.001) improved significantly in both groups. Moreover, the monocular accommodative amplitude (F2,25 = 22.154, P < 0.001) and monocular accommodative facility (F2,25 = 86.164, P < 0.001) improved significantly in both groups after 12 weeks of treatment. A statistically significant difference was observed in monocular accommodative facility (F1,25 = 8.140, P = 0.009) between the two groups, but not in other vergence and accommodative functions (0.098 < P < 0.687).Conclusion: Virtual reality-based vision therapy significantly improved binocular vision functions and symptoms in patients with convergence insufficiency and accommodative dysfunction, thereby suggesting its effectiveness as a new optional or additional treatment for young adults with these conditions.Trial registration: This study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry on 16/04/2019 (identifier: ChiCTR1900022556).

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Calorie Restriction Supplemented with Fish Oil Ameliorates Abnormal Metabolic Status in Middle-Aged Obese Women: An Open-Label, Parallel-Arm, Controlled Trial

10.20944/preprints201608.0133.v1 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fasty Arum Utami ◽

Hsiu-Chuan Lee ◽

Chien-Tien Su ◽

Shih-Yi Huang

Keyword(s):

Fish Oil ◽

Calorie Restriction ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Iron Status ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Inflammatory Status

The increasing prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyles has led to an increased incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) worldwide. In Taiwan, middle-aged women are at a greater risk of MetS, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease than men are because they have more subcutaneous fat and larger waist circumferences compared to men with equal visceral fat levels. This study investigated the effects of calorie restriction supplemented with fish oil (CRF) in middle-aged women with MetS. For 12 weeks, 75 eligible participants were randomly assigned either calorie restriction (CR) or CRF. Both dietary intervention groups were further divided into two age groups: ≤45 and >45 years. The changes in MetS severity, inflammatory status, iron status, and red blood cell fatty acid profile were evaluated. Seventy-one participants completed the trial. Both dietary interventions significantly ameliorated MetS and improved the participants’ inflammatory status. CR significantly increased total iron binding capacity, whereas CRF increased hepcidin levels. Furthermore, CRF significantly increased the n-6/n-3 and arachidonic acid/docosahexaenoic acid ratios. In conclusion, CR and CRF improved the anthropometric and MetS characteristics of early-middle aged women, including body weight, blood glucose levels, triglyceride levels, as well as the scores for the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and quantitative insulin sensitivity cheque index. Dietary intervention was more effective in >45-year-old women than ≤45-year-old women.

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Effects of tourniquet use on clinical outcomes and cement penetration in TKA when tranexamic acid administrated: a randomized controlled trial

BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12891-021-03968-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zeng Yi ◽

Li Yan ◽

Si Haibo ◽

Wu Yuangang ◽

Li Mingyang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Loss ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Cement Mantle ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Cement Penetration ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group B ◽

End Stage ◽

Mantle Thickness

Abstract Background The role of a tourniquet is still controversial for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Our current study was performed to determine whether the nonuse of the tourniquet combine with tranexamic acid (TXA) application in TKA patients with end-stage osteoarthritis would accelerate the perioperative recovery rate and provide enough cement mantle thickness for implant fixation. Methods In this prospective, randomized controlled trial, 150 end-stage knee osteoarthritis patients receiving TKA were divided into three groups: group A (tourniquet group), group B (non-tourniquet group), and group C (tourniquet in cementation group). All enrolled patients received 3 g of intravenous TXA and 1 g topical TXA. The primary outcomes included blood loss variables and transfusion values. The secondary outcomes included VAS pain score, inflammatory factors level, range of motion, HSS score, postoperative hospital stay, and complication. Furthermore, by using a digital linear tomosynthesis technique, tibial baseplate bone cement mantle thickness was measured in four zones based on the knee society scoring system. Results No significant difference was found among the three groups with regards to total blood loss, transfusion, and complication. However, patients in group B showed lower inflammatory factors levels, shorter length of hospital stay, better range of motion, and lower postoperative pain. No significant difference was found among the three groups in four zones in terms of bone cement mantle thickness. Conclusions For end-stage knee osteoarthritis patients, the absence of tourniquet did not appear to affect blood loss and cement penetration in TKA patients. Furthermore, less inflammation reaction and better knee function can be achieved without a tourniquet. We recommend no longer use a tourniquet in primary TKA for patients with end-stage osteoarthritis when TXA is administrated. Trial registration ChiCTR-INR-16009026. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level I.

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Adherence and Dietary Composition during Intermittent vs. Continuous Calorie Restriction: Follow-Up Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial in Adults with Overweight or Obesity

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1195

Author(s):

Sarah T. Pannen ◽

Sandra González Maldonado ◽

Tobias Nonnenmacher ◽

Solomon A. Sowah ◽

Laura F. Gruner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Calorie Restriction ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Dietary Composition ◽

Modest Weight Loss ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Weight Loss Strategy ◽

Overweight Or Obesity

Although intermittent calorie restriction (ICR) has become popular as an alternative weight loss strategy to continuous calorie restriction (CCR), there is insufficient evidence on diet quality during ICR and on its feasibility over longer time periods. Thus, we compared dietary composition and adherence between ICR and CCR in a follow-up analysis of a randomized trial. A total of 98 participants with overweight or obesity [BMI (kg/m2) 25–39.9, 35–65 years, 49% females] were randomly assigned to ICR, operationalized as a “5:2 diet” (energy intake: ~100% on five non-restricted (NR) days, ~25% on two restricted (R) days), or CCR (daily energy intake: ~80%). The trial included a 12-week (wk) intervention phase, and follow-up assessments at wk24, wk50 and wk102. Apart from a higher proportion of energy intake from protein with ICR vs. CCR during the intervention (wk2: p < 0.001; wk12: p = 0.002), there were no significant differences with respect to changes in dietary composition over time between the groups, while overall adherence to the interventions appeared to be good. No significant difference between ICR and CCR regarding weight change at wk102 was observed (p = 0.63). However, self-reported adherence was worse for ICR than CCR, with 71.1% vs. 32.5% of the participants reporting not to or only rarely have followed the regimen to which they were assigned between wk50 and wk102. These results indicate that within a weight management setting, ICR and CCR were equivalent in achieving modest weight loss over two years while affecting dietary composition in a comparable manner.

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The Weight Loss Effects of Branched Chain Amino Acids and Vitamin B6: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Obese and Overweight Women

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000511 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 88 (1-2) ◽

pp. 80-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zahra Shakibay Novin ◽

Saeed Ghavamzadeh ◽

Alireza Mehdizadeh

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Vitamin B6 ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Waist To Hip Ratio ◽

Branched Chain

Abstract. Branched chain amino acids (BCAA), with vitamin B6 have been reported to improve fat metabolism and muscle synthesis. We hypothesized that supplementation with BCAA and vitamin B6 would result in more weight loss and improve body composition and blood markers related to cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to determine whether the mentioned supplementation would affect weight loss, body composition, and cardiovascular risk factors during weight loss intervention. To this end, we performed a placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial in 42 overweight and obese women (BMI = 25–34.9 kg/m2). Taking a four-week moderate deficit calorie diet (–500 kcal/day), participants were randomized to receive BCAA (6 g/day) with vitamin B6 (40 mg/day) or placebo. Body composition variables measured with the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis, homeostatic model assessment, and plasma insulin, Low density lipoprotein, High density lipoprotein, Total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, and fasting blood sugar were measured. The result indicated that, weight loss was not significantly affected by BCAA and vitamin B6 supplementation (–2.43 ± 1.02 kg) or placebo (–1.64 ± 1.48 kg). However, significant time × treatment interactions in waist to hip ratio (P = 0.005), left leg lean (P = 0.004) and right leg lean (P = 0.023) were observed. Overall, supplementation with BCAA and vitamin B6 could preserve legs lean and also attenuated waist to hip ratio.

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The interaction between dietary approaches to stop hypertension and MC4R gene variant in predicting cardiovascular risk factors

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000690 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Habib Yarizadeh ◽

Alireza Bahiraee ◽

Sara Asadi ◽

Niloofar Sadat Maddahi ◽

Leila Setayesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Iranian Women ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Dash Diet ◽

Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Adherence

Abstract. Objective: The genetic variants near the melanocortin-4 receptor gene (MC4R), a key protein regulating energy balance and adiposity, have been related to obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. However, qualitative and quantitative aspects of diet may modulate the association of this polymorphism with obesity and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim of this study was to evaluate interactions among MC4R rs17782313, the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and risk factors for CVDs. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 266 Iranian women categorized by body mass index (BMI) range of 25–40 kg/m2 as overweight or obese. CVD risk factors included waist circumference (WC), lipid profile, blood pressure, insulin circulation and fasting blood sugar (FBS). Insulin and FBS were used to calculate homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) Body composition was assessed by a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer, InBody 770 scanner. Results: The findings of this study show that high adherence to the DASH diet in the CC groups were associated with decreased SBP and DBP compared to the TT group. In addition, a significant difference between women with high adherence to the DASH diet compared to low adherence was observed for body weight (p < 0.001), fat free mass (FFM) (p = 0.01) and BMI (p = 0.02). Women with the CC genotype had higher insulin (mg/dl) (mean and SD, for TT: 14.6 ± 4.6, TC: 17.3 ± 9.2, CC: 15.3 ± 4.8, p = 0.04) and HOMA-IR (mean for and SD, TT: 3.1 ± 1.07, TC: 3.9 ± 2.4, CC: 3.2 ± 1.1, p = 0.01) than TT group. Inclusion of potential confounding variables (age, physical activity, BMI and daily caloric intake) did not attenuate the difference. Conclusion: Among overweight/obese Iranian women with the CC genotype, incorporating the DASH diet may serve as a dietary prescription to decrease CVD risk. A dietary intervention trial is warranted.

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