scholarly journals Effect of oat supplementation interventions on cardiovascular disease risk markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erand Llanaj ◽  
Gordana M. Dejanovic ◽  
Ezra Valido ◽  
Arjola Bano ◽  
Magda Gamba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Beta Glucan

Abstract Purpose Oat supplementation interventions (OSIs) may have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, dietary background can modulate such effect. This systematic review assesses the effects of OSIs on CVD risk markers among adults, accounting for different dietary backgrounds or control arms. Methods We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that assessed the effect of oat, oat beta-glucan-rich extracts or avenanthramides on CVD risk markers. Results Seventy-four RCTs, including 4937 predominantly hypercholesterolemic, obese subjects, with mild metabolic disturbances, were included in the systematic review. Of these, 59 RCTs contributed to the meta-analyses. Subjects receiving an OSI, compared to control arms without oats, had improved levels of total cholesterol (TC) [weighted mean difference and (95% CI) − 0.42 mmol/L, (− 0.61; − 0.22)], LDL cholesterol [− 0.29 mmol/L, (− 0.37; − 0.20)], glucose [− 0.25 nmol/L, (− 0.36; − 0.14)], body mass index [− 0.13 kg/m2, (− 0.26; − 0.01)], weight [− 0.94 kg, (− 1.84: − 0.05)], and waist circumference [− 1.06 cm, (− 1.85; − 0.27)]. RCTs on inflammation and/or oxidative stress markers were scarce and with inconsistent findings. RCTs comparing an OSI to heterogeneous interventions (e.g., wheat, eggs, rice, etc.), showed lowered levels of glycated haemoglobin, diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. The majority of included RCTs (81.1%) had some concerns for risk of bias. Conclusion Dietary OSIs resulted in lowered levels of blood lipids and improvements in anthropometric parameters among participants with predominantly mild metabolic disturbances, regardless of dietary background or control. Further high-quality trials are warranted to establish the role of OSIs on blood pressure, glucose homeostasis and inflammation markers.

Influence of different training methods on cardiovascular disease risk markers after cessation of anabolic steroids abuse in bodybuilders at risk

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
S.M.S. Hashemi ◽  
H. Arazi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Risk Markers ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Evidence suggests that anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse induces adverse effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is unclear whether different training methods are effective in reducing these consequences. This study aims to compare the effects of aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), and combined training (CT) on CVD risk markers in professional bodybuilders at risk after cessation of AAS abuse. Forty bodybuilders were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control (n=10), AT (n=10), RT (RT, n=10), and CT (n=10) groups. Before and after eight weeks of training, the high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), haematocrit (HCT), homocysteine (HCY), N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Significant decreases within groups in HCY and CRP were observed (P<0.05). However, decreases were greater in training groups, and there was a significant difference between control and training groups (P<0.05). Increase in NT-proBNP, and decreases in systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) levels were significant only in training groups (P<0.005). The increase of NT-proBNP was significant in the CT when compared to the RT (P<0.05). The present study found that discontinuing AAS consumption can improve some CVD risk markers in professional bodybuilders, but this effect could be improved if various modalities of training were performed. Accompanying AT with RT was also discovered to have a greater impact on some markers (including NT-proBNP).

Major dietary patterns and predicted cardiovascular disease risk in an Iranian adult population

2020 ◽  
pp. 026010602095259
Author(s):  
Mahshid Shahavandi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Amini ◽  
Hossein Shahinfar ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Predicted Risk ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Background: Limited data are available on the association of major dietary patterns and predicted risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). Aim: To investigate the association between major dietary patterns and the predicted 10-year CVD risk in an Iranian population Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 522 apparently healthy adults referred to health centers in Tehran. Usual dietary intake was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The association between dietary patterns and the predicted risk of development of CVD was evaluated using linear multiple regression. Principal component analysis was used to identify major dietary patterns. Results: In total, 41% of the men ( n = 95) and 46% of women ( n = 134) were in the low risk (<10%) and 6% of men ( n = 14) and 1% of women ( n = 3) were in the high risk (> 20%) category of the FRS. A significant decrease was found for body mass index ( p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (SBP) ( p = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure ( p = 0.005), and triglyceride ( p = 0.02) in the higher tertile of healthy dietary pattern. Adherence to an unhealthy dietary pattern was associated with a significant increase in body weight ( p = 0.03) and a significant decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( p < 0.001). The healthy dietary pattern score was negatively associated with SBP ( p = 0.04) and FRS ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: Although we observed improvements in CVD risk factors with greater adherence to healthy dietary patterns, there was no association between identified dietary patterns and the predicted risk of 10-year CVD.

scholarly journals Association of Fitness and Fatness with Clustered Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Nigerian Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (16) ◽  
pp. 5861
Author(s):  
Danladi I. Musa ◽  
Abel L. Toriola ◽  
Daniel T. Goon ◽  
Sunday U. Jonathan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Standardized Residuals

Purpose: This study examinedthe independent and joint association of fitness and fatness with clustered cardiovascular disease risk (CVDrs) in 11–18 year-old Nigerian adolescents. Methods: A hundred and ninety seven adolescents (100 girls and 97 boys) were evaluated forfitness, fatness and CVDrs. Fitness was evaluated with the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run test while fatness was assessed using body mass index. A clustered CVDrs was computed from the standardized residuals of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, plasma glucose, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Regression models controlling for waist circumference assessed the association of fitness and fatness with CVDrs. Results: Prevalence of clustered CVD risk was 7.1% (girls = 3.0%; boys = 4.1%). Based on risk factor abnormalities, 52.8% of participants had one or more CVD risk factor abnormalities with more boys (27.4%) affected. Low fitness was associated with clustered CVDrs in both girls (R2 = 9.8%, β = −0.287, p = 0.05) and boys (R2 = 17%, β = −0.406, p < 0.0005). Fatness was not associated with the CVDrs in both sexes. After controlling for all the variables in the model, only fitness (R2 = 10.4%) and abdominal fat (R2 = 19.5%) were associated with CVDrs respectively. Unfit girls were 3.2 (95% CI = 1.31–7.91, p = 0.011) times likely to develop CVD risk abnormality compared to their fit counterparts. The likelihood of unfit boys developing CVD risk abnormality was 3.9 (95% CI = 1.15–10.08, p = 0.005) times compared to their fit peers. Conclusions: Fitness but not fatness was a better predictor of CVDrs in Nigerian boys and girls. The result of this study suggests that any public health strategies aimed at preventing or reversing the increasing trends of CVD risk in adolescents should emphasize promotion of aerobic fitness.

Mindfulness-Based Interventions and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in US Racial/Ethnic Minority Populations: A Systematic Review of Implementation Data to Address Health Disparities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonya Faye Sanchez ◽  
E. Karina Santamaria ◽  
Dana Rubenstein ◽  
Judson Brewer ◽  
Don Operario
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Minority Populations ◽  
Cvd Risk

Abstract Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a persistent public health challenge. Mindfulness-based Interventions (MBI) have been researched for CVD risk factors, though their effectiveness, generalizability, and potential for implementation to racial and ethnic minorities remain unclear. This review examines studies of MBI on CVD risk for characteristics of and variations in implementation (i.e., intervention design, delivery, uptake, and contextual factors) and analyzes potential barriers and challenges to implementation. A systematic review in February 2020 identified 30 studies from 5 databases and hand searches. Included studies were randomized controlled trials testing meditation or mindfulness-based interventions against any control to measure change or improvement in cardiovascular health measures or risk behaviors in adults living in the United States or territories. Analysis of the implementation characteristics and contextual factors of included studies was conducted using the Oxford Implementation Index. Thirty reports from 26 distinct trials were selected for inclusion, examining outcomes related to diet (k [number of studies] = 13), smoking (k = 11), obesity (k = 9), exercise (k = 4), diabetes (k = 3), and blood lipids (k = 2). All studies were published between 2011 and 2020 and correspond to early stages of research. As such, numerous limitations and implementation characteristics with potential consequence for CVD risk disparities were reported. This review outlines several potential targets for future research. Based on reported findings across all included studies, MBI could be of benefit for cardiovascular disease risk. Further research is needed to explore acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness in minority populations.

Changes in Weight and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Monozygotic Twins: The Healthy Twin Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Mi Song ◽  
Kayoung Lee ◽  
Joohon Sung
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Environmental Correlations

We aimed to assess the non-genetic contribution to the associations between the change in weight and changes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This analysis included 194 Korean monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs (116 men, 272 women; mean age, 38.5 ± 6.8 years) who were first examined for weight and CVD risk factors (blood pressure (BP), glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL)) between December 2005 and December 2008, and returned for a repeat examination after 2.7 ± 0.9 years. The within-pair correlations were 0.21 for the change in weight and 0.05-0.42 for the changes in CVD risk factors. Bivariate analyses showed significant environmental correlations shared between the change in weight and the changes in CVD risk factors (p < .05), except for glucose, while there were no significant genetic effects shared between the phenotypes. After adjusting for baseline values of weight, smoking, and alcohol consumption, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), TG, TC, and LDL significantly increased by 1.6 mmHg, 0.09 mmol/L, 0.10 mmol/L, and 0.09 mmol/L, respectively, per 1 kg increase in within-pair differences in weight change. In Korean MZ twins, similarity between twins for changes in weight and CVD risk factors were small to moderate, and non-genetic factors were responsible for the associations between the change in weight and changes in DBP, TG, TC, and LDL.

scholarly journals Protocol for a systematic review of qualitative and quantitative effects of cardiovascular disease risk communication using ‘heart age’ concepts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa Bonner ◽  
Carys Batcup ◽  
Samuel Cornell ◽  
Michael Anthony Fajardo ◽  
Jenny Doust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Communication ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Heart Age

AbstractIntroductionThe concept of ‘heart age’ is increasingly used for health promotion and alongside clinical guidelines for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. These tools have been used by millions of consumers around the world, and many health organisations promote them as a way of encouraging lifestyle change. However, heart age tools vary widely in terms of their underlying risk models and display formats, the effectiveness of these tools compared to other CVD risk communication formats remains unclear, and doctors have raised concerns over their use to expand testing of healthy low risk adults.Methods and analysisWe aim to systematically review both qualitative and quantitative evidence of the effects of heart age when presented to patients or consumers for the purpose of CVD risk communication. Four electronic databases will be search until April 2020 and reference lists from similar review articles will be searched. Studies will be considered eligible if they meet the following criteria: (1) published from the inception of the database to April 2020, in peer-reviewed journals, (2) used an adult population (over 18 years of age) or, if not explicit regarding age, are clear that participants were not children, (3) present the concept of ‘heart age’ to patients or consumers for the purpose of CVD risk communication, (4) report qualitative themes or quantitative outcomes relating to psychological and/or behavioural responses to heart age. Two reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Reporting of the review will be informed by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidance.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as it is a protocol for a systematic review. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

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