scholarly journals Acute or chronic pulmonary emphysema? Or both?—A contribution to the diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation in cases with pre-existing chronic emphysema

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Gava ◽  
Simon B. Eickhoff ◽  
Timm J. Filler ◽  
Felix Mayer ◽  
Nina S. Mahlke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Morphological Findings ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Marker Combination ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Diagnosis Of Death

AbstractThe diagnosis of death due to violent asphyxiation may be challenging if external injuries are missing, and a typical acute emphysema (AE) “disappears” in pre-existing chronic emphysema (CE). Eighty-four autopsy cases were systematically investigated to identify a (histo-) morphological or immunohistochemical marker combination that enables the diagnosis of violent asphyxiation in cases with a pre-existing CE (“AE in CE”). The cases comprised four diagnostic groups, namely “AE”, “CE”, “acute and chronic emphysema (AE + CE)”, and “no emphysema (NE)”. Samples from all pulmonary lobes were investigated by conventional histological methods as well as with the immunohistochemical markers Aquaporin 5 (AQP-5) and Surfactant protein A1 (SP-A). Particular attention was paid to alveolar septum ends (“dead-ends”) suspected as rupture spots, which were additionally analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The findings in the four diagnostic groups were compared using multivariate analysis and 1-way ANOVA analysis. All morphological findings were found in all four groups. Based on histological and macroscopic findings, a multivariate analysis was able to predict the correct diagnosis “AE + CE” with a probability of 50%, and the diagnoses “AE” and “CE” with a probability of 86% each. Three types of “dead-ends” could be differentiated. One type (“fringed ends”) was observed significantly more frequently in AE. The immunohistochemical markers AQP-5 and SP-A did not show significant differences among the examined groups. Though a reliable identification of AE in CE could not be achieved using the examined parameters, our findings suggest that considering many different findings from the macroscopical, histomorphological, and molecular level by multivariate analysis is an approach that should be followed.

scholarly journals Correlative scanning and transmission electron microscopic study on the ependymal surface of Cebus apella

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cáudio A. Ferraz de Carvalho ◽  
II-Sei Watanabe ◽  
Romeu Rodrigues de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cebus Apella ◽  
Gold Coating ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Morphological Findings ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic ◽  
Brain Ventricular System

Topographical variations of the ependymal surface of the whole brain ventricular system of Cebus apella, a wild Brazilian species, were studied at the scanning electron microscope after C02 critical point drying and carbon-gold coating. Certain selected areas were also studied at the transmission electron microscope, following standard technical procedures. We observed distinct patterns in the distribution of cilia, microvilli, other cell projections, and the so called supraependymal structures. Based on the morphological findings, functional considerations are made.

Myofibroma of the Gingiva: Report of a Case

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banu Özveri Koyuncu ◽  
Mert Zeytinoğlu ◽  
Taha Ünal ◽  
Bülent Zeytinoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Benign Neoplasm ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Solitary Lesion ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Mesenchymal Neoplasm ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Histopathologic Evaluation

Myofibroma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm composed of myofibroblasts which has been described with different synonyms since the first report in 1951. It occurs most commonly as a solitary lesion of soft tissue,skin, or bone in infancy. The prognosis of oral myofibromas is excellent, and surgical excision is curative. Recurrence is rare. Awareness and recognition of this benign tumor is important to establish the correct diagnosis and avoid morbidity of unnecessary aggressive therapy. This report describes a myofibroma of the gingiva in a 14 year old girl and is reported together with the conventional histologic, and immunohistochemical findings. The tumor showed rapid increase in size and clinical features suggestive of malignancy. However, on histopathologic evaluation it was diagnosed as a benign neoplasm, and this diagnosis was supported by immunohistochemical markers. The spindle cells were immunopositive for smooth muscle actin,and vimentin but were negative for desmin and S-100 protein. The patient was treated with surgical excision,and is followed-up for 33 months without any signs of recurrence.

scholarly journals Co-infection by Tritrichomonas foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in asymptomatic cats

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 980-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Spitz dos Santos ◽  
Vera Lúcia Teixeira de Jesus ◽  
Douglas McIntosh ◽  
Bruno Pereira Berto ◽  
Carlos Wilson Gomes Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Tritrichomonas Foetus ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Simultaneous Infection ◽  
Pentatrichomonas Hominis

Abstract: Tritrichomonas foetus, a parasite well known for its significance as a venereally transmitted pathogen in cattle, has been identified as a cause of chronic large bowel diarrhea in domestic cats in many countries of the world. In Brazil, several studies on the diagnosis of bovine trichomoniasis have been performed, but until now, no study was made regarding feline trichomoniasis. Thus, this is the first study to report the occurrence of T. foetus and Pentatrichomonas hominis in cats using morphological and molecular analysis. Feces from 77 cats were examined, four of which (5.2%) were positive for the presence of parabasalids. Morphological analysis of stained smears revealed piriform trophozoites showing the three anterior flagella, elongated nucleus and axostyle ending abruptly in fillet, characteristic of T. foetus. In scanning and transmission electron microscopy, identification characters similar to those previously reported for T. foetus were observed. The cultures containing trophozoites were submitted for molecular analysis, which resulted positive for T. foetus DNA using specific primers (TFR3 and TFR4), and all samples were positive and subjected to sequencing in which they showed 99.7-100% similarity with another isolate sequencing of T. foetus (JX960422). Although no trophozoite with consistent morphology of P. hominis has been visualized in the samples, differential diagnosis was performed using specific primers for P. hominis (TH3 and TH5) amplicon. In three of the four samples (3.89%) sequencing revealed 100% similarity when compared with another sequence of P. hominis deposited in Genbank (KC623939). Therefore, the present study revealed through the diagnostic techniques employed the simultaneous infection by T. foetus and P. hominis in the feces of cats. However, it was necessary to use more than one technique for the diagnosis of the co-infection. These results demonstrate the importance of a correct diagnosis to allow an appropriate treatment by the veterinarian.

The effects of low-moderate dose prenatal ethanol exposure on the fetal and postnatal rat lung

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 358-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Probyn ◽  
J. S. M. Cuffe ◽  
S. Zanini ◽  
K. M. Moritz
Keyword(s):  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Prenatal Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Pulmonary Tissue ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Surfactant Protein Genes

Little is known about whether exposure of the fetus to alcohol alters pulmonary development or function. This study aimed to determine whether low-moderate ethanol (EtOH) exposure throughout gestation alters structural and non-respiratory functional aspects of the fetal and postnatal lung. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed an ad libitum liquid diet ±6% v/v EtOH daily throughout pregnancy, achieving a plasma ethanol (EtOH) concentration of 0.03%. Gene and protein expression was determined in pulmonary tissue collected from fetuses at embryonic day (E) 20 and adult offspring. The percentage of airspace and alveolar size was measured in pulmonary tissue collected at postnatal day (PN) 1. At E20, EtOH-exposed fetuses had decreased aquaporin 5 mRNA levels and a non-significant trend for decreased epithelial sodium channel type α; expression of other pulmonary fluid homeostatic and development genes and surfactant protein genes were not different between groups. At PN1, there was no difference between EtOH-exposed and control offspring in the distal airspace percentage or diameter. At 8 months, collagen type III α1 gene expression was upregulated in EtOH-exposed male offspring; this was associated with increased collagen deposition at 10 months. At 19 months, male EtOH-exposed offspring had a 25% reduction in the protein levels of surfactant protein B. The alterations observed in male EtOH-exposed offspring suggest chronic low-moderate prenatal EtOH-exposure during development may result in increased pulmonary fibrosis. Such an alteration would decrease the respiratory capacity of the lung.

scholarly journals High Grade Serous Carcinoma Presenting as a Huge Pelvic Mass with Normal Looking Ovaries: A Diagnostic Challenge for Pathologist

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishali Walke ◽  
Amrapali Gaikwad ◽  
Madiha Shaikh ◽  
Balwant Kowe
Keyword(s):  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Pelvic Mass ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Serous Carcinoma ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Specific Symptoms

High-grade serous carcinoma represents 50-60% of all ovarian cancers and is the most common type of malignant surface epithelial tumour. Serous carcinoma is often diagnosed in the sixth and seventh decade, while the mean age for high-grade tumours is 63 year. It’s not only the non-specific symptoms like vague abdominal pain, nausea, gastrointestinal disturbances, but also the unusual presentation which is responsible for delayed diagnosis. This diagnostic delay can become the reason for increased mortality, despite advances in surgical management and chemotherapy. Here, authors discuss a case of 60-year-old postmenopausal women who presented with a huge pelvi-peritoneal mass and with grossly normal ovaries. Considering clinical findings and histomorphology, the possibility of malignant mesothelioma was considered as the first differential diagnosis; however extensive sampling of ovaries and supportive immunohistochemical markers helped us to arrive at a definitive diagnosis. The present case emphasises the importance of extensive tissue sampling and ancillary techniques in arriving at a correct diagnosis.

scholarly journals Post-Mortem Investigations for the Diagnosis of Sepsis: A Review of Literature

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Stassi ◽  
Cristina Mondello ◽  
Gennaro Baldino ◽  
Elvira Ventura Spagnolo
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Sepsis Diagnosis ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Morphological Aspects ◽  
Forensic Microbiology ◽  
Forensic Tools

To date, sepsis is still one of the most important causes of death due to the difficulties concerning the achievement of a correct diagnosis. As well as in a clinical context, also in a medico-legal setting the diagnosis of sepsis can reveal challenging due to the unspecificity of the signs detected during autopsies, especially when no ante-mortem clinical data, laboratory, and cultural results are available. Thus, a systematic review of literature was performed to provide an overview of the main available and updated forensic tools for the post-mortem diagnosis of sepsis. Moreover, the aim of this review was to evaluate whether a marker or a combination of markers exist, specific enough to allow a correct and definite post-mortem diagnosis. The review was conducted searching in PubMed and Scopus databases, and using variable combinations of the keywords “post mortem sepsis diagnosis”, “macroscopic signs”, “morphology”, “histology”, “immunohistochemical markers”, “biochemical markers”, and “forensic microbiology”. The article selection was carried out following specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 44 works was identified, providing data on morphological aspects of the organs examined, histological findings, immunohistochemical and biochemical markers, and cultural assays. The review findings suggested that the post-mortem diagnosis of sepsis can be achieved by a combination of data obtained from macroscopic and microscopic analysis and microbial investigations, associated with the increased levels of at least two of three biochemical and/or immunohistochemical markers evaluated simultaneously on blood samples.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Pitfalls in Newborns and Babies with Blisters and Erosions

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elke Nischler ◽  
Alfred Klausegger ◽  
Clemens Hüttner ◽  
Gabriele Pohla-Gubo ◽  
Anja Diem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Molecular Genetic Analysis ◽  
Inherited Disorders ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Disease Entities

Establishing the correct diagnosis in newborns presenting with blisters and erosions is not always a straightforward process. Many different disease entities including acquired (i.e., infectious, immunobullous, traumatic) and inherited disorders have to be taken into consideration. Similarities in clinical appearance, colonization and/or superinfections of preexisting skin lesions, as well as the absence of late changes in the neonate often pose significant diagnostic challenges. In this paper we discuss by giving examples the process of making an accurate diagnosis of blistering skin diseases in the neonatal period on the basis of a diagnostic algorithm. In addition, we provide an overview of the rational use and the limitations of laboratory procedures such as microbial testing, routine light microscopy, immunofluorescence antigen mapping, transmission electron microscopy, and molecular genetic analysis.

Filaments of surfactant protein A specifically interact with corrugated surfaces of phospholipid membranes

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (4) ◽  
pp. L631-L641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nades Palaniyar ◽  
Ross A. Ridsdale ◽  
Stephen A. Hearn ◽  
Yew Meng Heng ◽  
F. Peter Ottensmeyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Lipid Vesicles ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Lipid Vesicle ◽  
Transmission Electron

Pulmonary surfactant, a mixture of lipids and surfactant proteins (SPs), plays an important role in respiration and gas exchange. SP-A, the major SP, exists as an octadecamer that can self-associate to form elongated protein filaments in vitro. We have studied here the association of purified bovine SP-A with lipid vesicle bilayers in vitro with negative staining with uranyl acetate and transmission electron microscopy. Native bovine surfactant was also examined by transmission electron microscopy of thinly sectioned embedded material. Lipid vesicles made from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and egg phosphatidylcholine (1:1 wt/wt) generally showed a smooth surface morphology, but some large vesicles showed a corrugated one. On the smooth-surfaced vesicles, SP-As primarily interacted in the form of separate octadecamers or as multidirectional protein networks. On the surfaces of the striated vesicles, SP-As primarily formed regularly spaced unidirectional filaments. The mean spacing between adjacent striations and between adjacent filaments was 49 nm. The striated surfaces were not essential for the formation of filaments but appeared to stabilize them. In native surfactant preparations, SP-A was detected in the dense layers. This latter arrangement of the lipid bilayer-associated SP-As supported the potential relevance of the in vitro structures to the in vivo situation.

Immunohistochemical Markers in the Diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Head and Neck

1995 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Milroy ◽  
Alfio Ferlito
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

Immunohistochemistry is important in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine neoplasms of the head and neck, particularly in the differential diagnosis of the various neuroendocrine neoplasms, although the results of staining should never be interpreted alone, but together with conventional histopathologic findings. It is emphasized that there are currently no markers capable of distinguishing between benign and malignant tumors. A correct diagnosis is of paramount importance, since treatment depends on the diagnostic accuracy and prognosis is naturally related substantially to the phenotype.

scholarly journals Hospital-Based Study of Epithelial Malignancies of Endometrial Cancer Frequency in Lahore, Pakistan, and Common Diagnostic Pitfalls

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imrana Tanvir ◽  
Sabiha Riaz ◽  
Afshan Hussain ◽  
Riffat Mehboob ◽  
M. Usman Shams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clear Cell ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
The Common ◽  
Endometrial Carcinomas ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Diagnostic Pitfalls ◽  
Serous Tumors

The current study was conducted to see the frequency of epithelial malignancies of endometrium with focus on the common diagnostic pitfalls and identify morphological and immunohistochemical markers helpful in the differential diagnosis between different subtypes. It is a retrospective descriptive study carried out on 52 specimens of endometrial tumors received in Fatima Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, during three years (2010–2012). Patients were divided into 5 age groups: <40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, and >70 yrs. Tissues were fixed in 10% formalin and processed and stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Stained slides were examined to determine the histological types by WHO classification, and immunohistochemistry for WT1, p53, ER/PR, and MIB1 was done in cases where morphology alone was not helpful in making a confirmed diagnosis. 80% of specimens were of endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 11% of serous tumors, 4% of clear cell carcinoma, and 4% of squamous cell carcinomas involving both cervix and endometrium. Most of the patients (28.84%) with endometrial carcinomas fall in the age range of 51–60 yrs. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma is the most common type of epithelial endometrial malignancies. Morphology is the keystone in the evaluation of these tumors, but immunohistochemistry can also be helpful in establishing the correct diagnosis.

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