scholarly journals Progression of myopia in a natural cohort of Chinese children during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Ma ◽  
Shifei Wei ◽  
Shi-Ming Li ◽  
Xiaohui Yang ◽  
Kai Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Screen Reading ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Regressive Analysis

Abstract Purpose To determine myopia progression in children during the COVID-19 and the related factors associated with myopia. Methods All subjects underwent three-timepoint ocular examinations that were measured in July 2019, January, and August 2020. We compared the changes in uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), mydriatic spherical equivalent (SE), and axial length (AL) between two periods (before and during COVID-19). A questionnaire was performed to investigate risk factors for myopia. Results Compared with before the COVID-19, the mean (S.D.) myopia progression during the COVID-19 was significantly higher in right eyes (− 0.93 (0.65) vs. − 0.33 (0.47) D; p < 0.001). However, the differences in UCVA changes and the axial elongation between two periods were clinically insignificant. Through logistic regressive analysis, we found the difference of the SE changes was associated with the baseline AL (P = 0.028; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.058, 2.632), online education (P = 0.02; 95% CI, 1.587, 8.665), and time of digital screen (p < 0.005; 95% CI, 1.587, 4.450). Conclusions Children were at higher risk of myopia progression during COVID-19, which was associated with the baseline AL, the longtime online learning, and digital screen reading.

Effects of Orthokeratology Lens On Axial Length Elongation in Myopia With Anisometropia Children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyang Chen ◽  
Kai-Ming Chen ◽  
Ying Shi ◽  
Zhao-Da Ye ◽  
Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Group 1

Abstract AimTo investigate the effect of orthokeratology (OK) lens on axial length (AL) elongation in myopia with anisometropia children.MethodsThirty-seven unilateral myopia (group 1) and fifty-nine bilateral myopia with anisometropia children were involved in this 1-year retrospective study. And bilateral myopia with anisometropia children were divided into group 2A (diopter of the lower SER eye under − 2.00D) and group 2B(diopter of the lower SER eye is equal or greater than − 2.00D). The change in AL were observed.The datas were analysed using SPSS 21.0.Results(1) In group 1, the mean baseline AL of the H eyes and L eye were 24.70 ± 0.89 mm and 23.55 ± 0.69 mm, respectively. In group 2A, the mean baseline AL of the H eyes and L eyes were 24.61 ± 0.84 mm and 24.00 ± 0.70 mm respectively. In group 2B, the mean baseline AL of the H eyes and L eyes were 25.28 ± 0.72 mm and 24.70 ± 0.74 mm. After 1 year, the change in AL of the L eyes was faster than the H eyes in group 1 and group 2A (all P<0.001).While the AL of the H eyes and L eyes had the same increased rate in group 2B. (2) The effect of controlling AL elongation of H eyes is consistent in three groups (P = 0.559).The effect of controlling AL elongation of L eyes in group 2B was better than that in group 1 and group 2A (P < 0.001). And the difference between group 1 and group 2A has no statistical significance. (3) The AL difference in H eyes and L eyes decreased from baseline 1.16 ± 0.55mm to 0.88 ± 0.68mm after 1 year in group 1.And in group 2A, the AL difference in H eyes and L eyes decreased from baseline 0.61 ± 0.34mm to 0.48 ± 0.28mm. There was statistically significant difference (all P<0.001). In group 2B, the baseline AL difference in H eyes and L eyes has no significant difference from that after 1 year (P = 0.069).ConclusionsMonocular OK lens is effective on suppression AL growth of the myopic eyes and reduce anisometropia value in unilateral myopic children. Binocular OK lenses only reduce anisometropia with the diopter of the low eye under − 2.00D. Binocular OK lenses cannot reduce anisometropia with the diopter of the low eye equal or greater than − 2.00D. Whether OK lens can reduce refractive anisometropia value is related to the spherical equivalent refractive of low refractive eye in bilateral myopia with anisometropia children after 1-year follow-up.

Topical atropine in retarding myopia progression and axial length growth in children with myopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Abdur Rahman Mohammad Alam ◽  
Md. Sanwar Hossain ◽  
Md. Shafiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

This study was conducted to observe the effect of atropine in retarding myopia progression and axial length growth in 36 myopic children (atropine group, 24; control, 12). The initial spherical equivalent of the atropine group and control group was -3.0 ± 1.6 dioptre and -3.5 ± 1.6 dioptre respectively. At the 12th month in atropine group, it was -2.9 ± 2.6 dioptre and -4.6 ± 1.9 dioptre in the control group. The power of the atropine group reduced but rose in the control group after 12 months. There was a statistically significant difference in final refractive errors between the two groups (p<0.05). The initial axial length of the atropine group and control group was 24.3± 1.0 mm and 24.6 ± 1.1 mm respectively. In 12th month, the changes in axial length in the two groups was insignificant. However, the mean axial length progression at 12 months of the atropine group was -0.1 ± 0.1 mm and it was lower than the control group which was -0.2 ± 0.2 mm, and this was statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, topical atropine (0.01%) retarded myopia progre-ssion and axial length growth in myopic children.    

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF CORNEAL COLLAGEN CROSSLINKING WITH RIBOFLAVIN AND ULTRAVIOLET-A IN PROGRESSIVE KERATOCONUS.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Priyanka Raut ◽  
Nikhilesh * Wairagade ◽  
Praneeta Sakarkar
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Collagen Crosslinking ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Corneal Collagen Crosslinking ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Corneal Collagen

PURPOSE-To evaluate outcomes of collagen crosslinking in patients having progressive keratoconus. METHODS- A prospective study was done in eyes that underwent corneal collagen crosslinking for treatment of progressive keratoconus. This study was performed after approval from Institutional Ethics Committee and informed consent was obtained from all the patients. Data was analysed with the help of JASP0.8.3.1 and MS-Excel 2013. RESULT-The mean age was 20.94 ± 2.04 years. 21 (63.63%) were males, 12 (36.36 %) were females. The mean uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) pre-operative and post-operative at 6 months were 0.64 ± 0.37 and 0.53 ± 0.31 (logMAR) respectively (p value 0.03). Mean spherical equivalent pre-operatively and post-operatively at 6 months were -2.85 ± 2.14 and -2.38 ± 1.70 respectively (p < 0.001). Mean keratometry (Mean K) preoperative and post-operative were 49.85 ± 4.10 Dioptres (D) and 49.22 ± 4.09 D respectively (p = 0.0007). CONCLUSION- Corneal collagen crosslinking with UV-A and riboavin is a safe and effective method for halting the deterioration of progressive keratoconus.

scholarly journals 2D-shear wave elastography: number of acquisitions can be reduced according to clinical setting

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Dioguardi Burgio ◽  
Jules Grégory ◽  
Maxime Ronot ◽  
Riccardo Sartoris ◽  
Gilles Chatellier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Shear Wave Elastography ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Supersonic Shear Imaging ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background The factors affecting intra-operator variability of two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) have not been clearly established. We evaluated 2D-SWE variability according to the number of measurements, clinical and laboratory features, and liver stiffness measurements (LSM). Methods At least three LSM were performed in 452 patients who underwent LSM by 2D-SWE (supersonic shear imaging) out of an initial database of 1650 patients. The mean value of the three LSM was our best measurement method. Bland–Altman plots were used to evaluate intra-operator variability when considering only one, or the first two measurements. Variability was assessed by taking the absolute value of the difference between the first LSM and the mean of the three LSM. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with the highest tertile of variability. Results The limit of agreement was narrower with the mean of the first and second measurements than with each measurement taken separately (− 2.83 to 2.99 kPa vs. − 5.86 to 6.21 kPa and − 5.77 to 5.73 kPa for the first and second measurement, respectively). A BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and a first LSM by 2D-SWE ≥ 7.1 kPa increased the odds of higher variability by 3.4 and 3.9, respectively. Adding a second LSM didn’t change the variability in patients with BMI < 25 and a first LSM by 2D-SWE < 7.1 kPa. Conclusions Intra-operator variability of LSM by 2D-SWE increases with both a high BMI and high LSM value. In patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2 and a first LSM < 7.1 kPa we recommend performing only one LSM.

scholarly journals Association between myopia and peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures in children

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
In Jeong Lyu ◽  
Kyung-Ah Park ◽  
Sei Yeul Oh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Depth Image ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Myopic Shift ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Disc Size

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate the characteristics of children with peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS) and evaluate the risk factors associated with PHOMS.MethodsThis study included 132 eyes of 66 children with PHOMS and 92 eyes of 46 children without PHOMS (controls) who were assessed by disc enhanced depth image spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Univariable and multivariable logistic analyses were performed to evaluate risk factors associated with the presence of PHOMS.ResultsAmong the 66 children with PHOMS, 53 patients (80.3%) had bilateral and 13 patients (19.7%) had unilateral PHOMS. The mean age of the PHOMS group was 11.7 ± 2.6 years and 11.4 ± 3.1 years in the control group. Mean spherical equivalent (SE) by cycloplegic refraction was −3.13 ± 1.87 diopters (D) in the PHOMS group and −0.95 ± 2.65 D in the control group. Mean astigmatism was 0.67 ± 0.89 D and 0.88 ± 1.02 D in the PHOMS group and the control group, respectively. Mean disc size was 1735 ± 153 μm in the PHOMS group and 1741 ± 190 μm in the control group. All eyes in PHOMS group had myopia of −0.50 D or less, except for an eye with +1.00 D. According to the univariable (odds ratio [OR] 1.59, P < 0.001) and multivariable (OR 2.00, P < 0.001) logistic regression analyses, SE decreased by 1 D was significantly associated with PHOMS.ConclusionsPHOMS is associated with myopic shift in children. Optic disc tilt may be a mediator between myopia and PHOMS.

The Effect of Badminton in Myopia Progression Among Children in Yogyakarta

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Banu Aji Dibyasakti ◽  
Suhardjo Suhardjo ◽  
Tri Wahyu Widayanti ◽  
Zaenal Muttaqien
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Error ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Table Analysis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

Objectives : to observe the effect of badminton in myopia progression among children in Yogyakarta. Methods : This is a cohort study involving 139 eyes from 77 children. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: badminton (n=73) and control (n=66) group. The refractive error was measured by using auto- refractometer with additional cycloplegic agent (1% cyclopentolate). Myopia progression between baseline and 6 month follow up in each group were compared by using Paired T-Test Analysis. The difference of myopia progression in both group were compared by using Independent Sample T-Test Analysis. The relative risk of myopia progression by playing badminton was analysed by using 2x2 table analysis. Results : The mean refractive error in the badminton group was -1.03 ± 0.62 D (baseline) and -1.07 ± 0.64 D (6 months), while in the control group was -1.11 ± 0.66 D (baseline) and -1.24 ± 0.69 D (6 months). There was significant difference in the mean refractive error between baseline and 6 months in each group (p<0.05). Myopia progression in badminton group was 0.04 ± 0.10D, while in control group 0.12 ± 0.22. There was significant difference in myopia progression between two groups (p<0.05). Badminton is also significant protective factor against myopia progression in children (RR: 0.329 (0.157-0.687); p<0.05), even though another factor such as near-work, outdoors activities, and hereditary factor could confound the progression. Conclusion : Children who are routinely playing badminton show less myopia progression. There is statistically significance but not clinically significant difference in myopia progression between two groups. Playing badminton is a protective factor towards myopia progression

scholarly journals Refractive outcomes following cataract surgery in patients who have had myopic laser vision correction

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung Shen Chean ◽  
Boon Kang Aw Yong ◽  
Samuel Comely ◽  
Deena Maleedy ◽  
Stephen Kaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Refractive Outcomes ◽  
Vision Correction ◽  
Laser Vision ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

ObjectivePrediction errors are increased among patients presenting for cataract surgery post laser vision correction (LVC) as biometric relationships are altered. We investigated the prediction errors of five formulae among these patients.Methods and analysisThe intended refractive error was calculated as a sphero-cylinder and as a spherical equivalent for analysis. For determining the difference between the intended and postoperative refractive error, data were transformed into components of Long's formalism, before changing into sphero-cylinder notation. These differences in refractive errors were compared between the five formulae and to that of a control group using a Kruskal-Wallis test. An F-test was used to compare the variances of the difference distributions.Results22 eyes post LVC and 19 control eyes were included for analysis. Comparing both groups, there were significant differences in the postoperative refractive error (p=0.038). The differences between the intended and postoperative refractive error were greater in post LVC eyes than control eyes (p=0.012), irrespective of the calculation method for the intended refractive error (p<0.01). The mean difference between the intended and postoperative refractive error was relatively small, but its variance was significantly greater among post LVC eyes than control eyes (p<0.01). Among post LVC eyes, there were no significant differences between the mean intended target refraction and between the intended and postoperative refractive error using five biometry formulae (p=0.76).ConclusionBiometry calculations were less precise for patients who had LVC than patients without LVC. No particular biometry formula appears to be superior among patients post LVC.

Effect of eccentricity of overnight lenses on 2-year axial growth and visual quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Zi-Yang Chen ◽  
◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Yan-Hong Hu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Quality ◽  
Lens Position ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Axial Growth

AIM: To explore the effect of eccentricity of overnight orthokeratology (OK) lenses on 2-year eye axial growth and visual quality. METHODS: Based on the degree of eccentricity of OK lenses, patients were divided into three groups: a low degree of eccentricity group (degree of eccentricity ≤0.5 mm), a group of moderate eccentricity (eccentric degree >0.5-1.0 mm) and a group with a high degree of eccentricity (eccentric degree >1-1.5 mm). The degree of eccentricity of the OK lens, spherical equivalent (SE), the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) after wearing OK lenses, axial length (AL) before and after wearing OK lenses, total higher-order aberrations (HOA), comas, and spherical aberrations (SA) for 3 mm pupils were analyzed. The difference among the three groups for all parameters was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis H Rank-Sum test. RESULTS: The study retrospectively analyzed 75 cases (139 eyes). In the low eccentricity group (53 eyes), the mean age was 11.4±2.4y, SE was -3.24±1.48 D, and AL was 24.85±1.01 mm. In the moderate eccentricity group (53 eyes), the mean age was 11.4±2.2y, SE was -3.22±1.29 D, and AL was 25.15±0.92 mm. In the high eccentricity group (31 eyes), the mean age was 11.5±1.9y, SE was -3.54±1.43 D, and AL was 24.95±0.84mm. After two years, there was no significant difference in the changes of the axis among the three groups (P=0.089). The HOA, SA, and coma in the high eccentric group were significantly higher than in the middle eccentric group (P<0.05). The HOA, SA, and coma in the high eccentric group were also significantly higher than those in the low eccentric group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: For OK lenses, it is unnecessary to strictly require the absolute centralization of the lens position. An unnecessary change of the lenses may delay the eye-axis control. However, the balance between axial control and visual quality should be assessed.

scholarly journals Distance Visual Acuity Versus Near Visual Acuity in Amblyopia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
masoumeh ahadi ◽  
Afsaneh Ebrahimi ◽  
Shahrokh Ramin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Snellen Chart ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Visual Acuity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Purpose: To measure and compare distance and near visual acuity in amblyopic patients.Methods: This study was evaluated 167 patients with amblyopia between ages of 6 and 55 years. In all subjects, a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and funduscopy was performed. Distance visual acuity (DVA) was measured by Snellen chart at 4 m and near visual acuity (NVA) was measured by Snellen chart at 40 cm, and then DVA and NVA were compered and analyzed.Results:In our subjects, the mean distance and near visual acuity was 0.39± 0.30 log MAR and 0.30± 0.32 log MAR respectively. The mean NVA was 0.12±0.12 log MAR better than DVA and difference between them was statistically significant (P<0.001). In 40% of patients, there were no difference between DVA and NVA, and in 60% of them, NVA was 0.1 or more log MAR better than DVA. The difference between DVA and NVA was not significantly related with age (p=0.225), spherical equivalent (P=.820) and strabismus (P=.336) and type of amblyopia (P=.405). Although all of these subjects had subnormal DVA, but 43 subjects (26%) had normal NVA. In mild and moderate amblyopic groups, difference between DVA and NVA was 0.14±0.10 log MAR and 0.15±0.14 log MAR respectively, but in severe amblyopic group it was 0.03±0.08 log MAR. The difference between DVA and NVA showed a significant relation with severity of amblyopia (P<0.001). The difference between DVA and NVA was 0.16±0.11 log MAR in patients with history of amblyopia therapy and 0.07.± 0.11 log MAR in patients without treatment. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: Our results showed that near visual acuity in amblyopia especially in mild to moderate types was significantly better than distance visual acuity. More than 50% of subjects with mild amblyopia had normal near visual acuity. The difference between DVA and NVA showed no relation with age, spherical equivalent, strabismus, and type of amblyopia. Also, difference between the DVA and NVA in patients with history of amblyopia therapy was better than of it in non-treated subjects.

Clinical Profile on Keratoconus Presenting at A Tertiary Eye Care Centre- Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Rachana Singh Rana ◽  
Leena Bajracharya ◽  
Reeta Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Manifest Refraction ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spectacle Correction

Introduction: Keratoconus (KC), is a bilateral, noninflammatory degenerative disease of the cornea which is characterized by progressive corneal ectasia and loss of visual function. The onset of KC is commonly seen at puberty and affects approximately 1 in 2000 in the general population. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the clinical profile of keratoconus in the tertiary eye centre in Nepal. Material and methods: It is a retrospective, hospital based, consecutive study from June 2017 to May 2018. A total of 66 patients (114 eyes) were diagnosed cases of Keratoconus presented in Cornea clinic of Tilganga institute of Ophthalmology. Parameters investigated included patients’ demography, keratometric readings, visualacuity and manifest refraction. Classification of keratoconus was based on Amslern-Krumeich grading system (modified). Results: The mean age of subjects was 18.73 (range: 10-65). Male/female distribution was 48 (72.7%) and 18 (27.3%) respectively. 48 (72.7%) had bilateral keratoconus and 18 (27.3%) were unilateral. Mean Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.80 (range: 0.01-1.00), mean visual acuity ( VA) with spectacle correction was 0.47 (range: 0.01-1.00). Mean spherical amount of refractive was –2.17 (range: −0.50 to −17.00D) and mean cylindrical amount of refraction was -2.85 (range: 0.00 to −6.00). Mean spherical equivalent (SE) of refraction was −4.26 (range: −0.50 to −22.50D). Mean flattest keratometric reading (K1) was 49.63 (range: 40.63-76.70D) and mean steepest keratometric reading (K2) was 53.14 (range: 41.63-73.21D). Mean average keratometric reading was 51.43 (range: 41.63-72.10D). Regarding disease severity, 35.68% of subjects were classified as mild keratoconus, 29.73% as moderate keratoconus, 9.73% as advance keratoconus, while 24.86% were found with the severestage of keratoconus. 78.9% of total eyes presented with minimum pachymetry of 401 to 500 mm. Conclusion: Clinical profile of Nepalese keratoconus patients looks similar to that reported earlier worldwide. The condition was found to manifest at a younger age and was more common in males.

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