scholarly journals Face in collision: emotional looming stimuli modulate interpersonal space across development and gender

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Silvestri ◽  
Massimo Grassi ◽  
Elena Nava
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Dynamic Stimuli ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Interpersonal Space

AbstractBasic visual functions have evolved to allow for rapid detection of dynamic stimuli in our surrounding environment. In particular, looming stimuli are of relevance because they are expected to enter the individual’s interpersonal space representing a potential threat. Different studies showed that emotions can modulate the perception of visual looming stimuli and the borders of interpersonal space, defined as the area around the body that individuals maintain between themselves and others during social interactions. Here, we investigated how emotions modulate the perception and the physiological correlates of interpersonal space and whether such indexes change across age and gender. Children and adults were asked to quickly react to emotional looming stimuli while measuring their skin conductance response (SCR). We found that emotional looming stimuli shrink the borders of interpersonal space of males more than females, and that this pattern does not change with age. In addition, adults reacted faster to angry than happy and neutral faces, which is in line with the notion that threatening stimuli capture attention more quickly than other types of emotional stimuli. However, this was not observed in children, suggesting that experience with negative stimuli, rather than the evolutionary meaning they possess, may influence the boundaries of interpersonal space. Overall, our study suggests that interpersonal space is modulated by emotions, but this appears to be modulated by gender and age: while behavioural responses to emotional looming stimuli refine with age, physiological responses are adult-like as early as 5 years of age.

scholarly journals The physiological correlates of interpersonal space

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Candini ◽  
Simone Battaglia ◽  
Mariagrazia Benassi ◽  
Giuseppe di Pellegrino ◽  
Francesca Frassinetti
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Skin Conductance Response ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interpersonal Distance ◽  
Functional Link ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Healthy Participants ◽  
Interpersonal Space

AbstractInterpersonal space (IPS) is the area around the body that individuals maintain between themselves and others during social interactions. When others violate our IPS, feeling of discomfort rise up, urging us to move farther away and reinstate an appropriate interpersonal distance. Previous studies showed that when individuals are exposed to closeness of an unknown person (a confederate), the skin conductance response (SCR) increases. However, if the SCR is modulated according to participant’s preferred IPS is still an open question. To test this hypothesis, we recorded the SCR in healthy participants when a confederate stood in front of them at various distances simulating either an approach or withdrawal movement (Experiment 1). Then, the comfort-distance task was adopted to measure IPS: participants stop the confederate, who moved either toward or away from them, when they felt comfortable with other’s proximity (Experiment 2). We found higher SCR when the confederate stood closer to participants simulating an IPS intrusion, compared to when the confederate moved farther away. Crucially, we provide the first evidence that SCR, acting as a warning signal, contributes to interpersonal distance preference suggesting a functional link between behavioral components of IPS regulation and the underlying physiological processes.

scholarly journals From Stones to Gendered Bodies: Regional Differences in the Production of the Body and Gender on the Copper Age Statue-Menhirs of Northern Italy and the Swiss Valais

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Harris ◽  
Kerstin P. Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gendered Bodies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories

Much research has been carried out on identifying gendered iconography on statue-menhirs. This paper seeks to develop this perspective by considering the broader body concepts. Body concepts are of interest to archaeologists because they are closely connected to issues of sex, gender, and age. By investigating stone sculptures, however, we are looking at an ideological view of the body that was produced by reducing the stone from its natural form into a statue-menhir. The presence of bodily features on the statue-menhirs suggests that it was important to construct a body, and that certain aspects of the body were chosen to be represented, either through the size and shape of the stone or iconography, while others were neglected. We propose this is a significant means by which stones were made into bodies and gendered beings. To investigate body concepts, we pose two questions: how was a statue-menhir body made, and how was it gendered? By following the reduction sequence of the stone as the technique of production, we investigate which bodily features were important in constructing a body and in gendering it. We do this through analysing and comparing three regional examples of anthropomorphic statue-menhirs: (1) The Lunigiana groups A and B in northwestern Tuscany and eastern-most Liguria, (2) the Atesino group in Trentino-Alto Adige, and (3) the Sion Type A in the Swiss Valais and the Aosta Style I in northern Italy. Although there is a shared statue-menhir tradition in the three regions and beyond, the observations in this paper suggest that the bodily gender categories were negotiated regionally.

scholarly journals STUDY OF BODY WEIGHT AND HEIGHT OF ADOLESCENTS FROM DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS IN THE PLOVDIV REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 3873-3880
Author(s):  
Elena Merdzhanova ◽  
◽  
Penka Angelova ◽  
Nikolay Boyadjiev ◽  
Valentina Lalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Turkish Children ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender

Purpose: To study the body weight and height of adolescents and to compare them with gender and age standards. All the children are from the Plovdiv region. Material and methods: About 185 children from three different ethnic groups have been studied. It also hase been developed and used specifically for this purpose an author's questionnaire for students, which contains open, closed, and mixed questions. Have been used descriptive statistics for quantitative (mean ± SD) and qualitative (percentage ± SEp) variables, also T-test for proving statistically significant differences between two independent samples. A p-value < 0.05 had been considered statistically significant for all tests. For the statistical processing, we have used the data analysis software IBM SPSS Statistics v. 25. Results: The study was conducted in the Plovdiv district in the period of May 2019 - July 2019. The subject of the study has been 185 adolescents from different ethnic groups. The logical units of the study were schools in Plovdiv and the village of Karadzhovo, which is part of the Plovdiv municipality. The gender distribution is 101 (56.6%) boys and 84 (45.4%) girls. The study covered mainly 96 Bulgarian children (51.89% ± 3.67), followed by 30 Turkish (16.22% ± 2.71) and 59 Roma origin (31.89% ± 3.43). The group of adolescents has been included students aged 11 – 15 years old. In the group of 11-year-olds, 61 (32.97%) Bulgarian children usually play sports out of school, followed by 29 (15.67%) Roma and 16 (8.65%) Turkish children. We have proved statistically significant differences between mean weight, measured in our sample compared to the population standard for the age of 11 years old boys (n=28, 45.84±13.42 kg vs n=134, 39.74±7.15 kg; t-test=2.34, p=0.026) and girls (n=35, 45.49±10.46 kg vs n=135, 41.60±9.03 kg; t-test=2.24, p=0.029), respectively. The height measured for both genders in this age group had not been statistically significantly different compared to the standard. No other differences between sample point estimates and population standard had been obtained by age groups and gender. Conclusion: For the age of 11-12 years old children, higher body weight had been found in the Bulgarian boys. The girls with the average highest values had been of Turkish origin.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Motor Performances of 11 and 12 Years Old Boys and Girls Skiing Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Feyzullah Koca
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Aged Child ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Better Than

The aim in this study, will comparison anthropometric characteristics and motor performance tests to be between according to the ages of boys and girls ski athletes. A total of 41 Girls and 47 Boys ski athletes participated in this study voluntarily. One Wey ANOVA and LSD tests were used.In this study, there were differences in height and body weights statistical (p <0.001). 12 year old girl ski athletes were taller. Again, the body weight of girls is higher than men. In this study, the Sit and Reach Test values of girls and boys at 11 years of age were significantly higher than the values of boys and girls at 12 years of age (p <0.001). There was no difference between boys and girls (p> 0.05). The flamingo test values of boys and girls 11 and 12 aged changed according to gender and age statistical (p <0.01). The plate tapping test values of boys and girls 11 and 12 aged changed according to gender and age not statistical (p >0.05). It was statistically significant that girls' sit up and Standing Long Jump value was better than boys (p <0.001). It was statistically significant that boys' Bent Arm Hang test and mini cooper test was better than girls (p <0.001).Conclusion: Anthropometric characteristics and motor performance tests were found to be within normal limits according to the ages of boys and girls ski athletes. Physical characteristics and motor performance parameters can change according age and sex for 11 and 12 aged Child. For ski training and education's plans, according age and gender should be taken into consideration on child.

scholarly journals Body image appearances in adolescents’ school going children

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pari Khalili Marandi ◽  
Norlena Salamudin
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
The Body ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Image Appearance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Age Category

Abstract The key objective of this research was to analyse and understand the different effect of gender and age on body image appearance at age 12 and 15 years in both gender groups. In other word age and gender how influence on adolescents body image appearance. The sample chosen for this study was 1429 (710 boys and 719 girls) from primary and secondary schools in Tehran. To verify the body image used of questionnaire Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) (Littleton 2005). The difference between body image appearance of boy and girl, between at age of 12 and 15 years, was analysed and compared using the SPSS version20 ANOVA test. The ranking of the four group samples was achieved by using mean of body image appearance. On analysing the data, it was indicated that there was a significant effect of age, gender and interaction of the variables on body image on boys and girls at the age of 12 and 15 years. The result reveals that in the same age category, boys were at a better level of body image appearance than girls. Also, the result revealed that the body image appearance level was better in the younger age category.

Gender and age features of mental health of minor representatives of the indigenous peoples of the Amur region of the Khabarovsk Region in conditions of deprivation

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
S. G. Gevorkyan ◽  
I. P. Loginov ◽  
Sergey Zinovievich Savin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Age Features

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of assessing the quality of mental health of the younger generation of the Far North and Amur ethnic groups living in the Khabarovsk Region. A survey of 110 adolescents aged 10–14 years, including 67 representatives of indigenous people, was conducted; the results of the medical and social survey and the parameters of the psychological and physical components of health were studied. The obtained data indicate the presence of age and gender features of mental health of the younger generation of indigenous peoples, including the formation of social and psychophysiological functioning, under conditions of deprivation against the background of influence of intense age-related psychosomatic adjustment of the body and active socialization of the personality of adolescents.

scholarly journals Don't Stand So Close to Me: The Effect of Auditory Input on Interpersonal Space

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p6317 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna M Lloyd ◽  
Anna Coates ◽  
Jasmin Knopp ◽  
Sarah Oram ◽  
Samantha Rowbotham
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
The Body ◽  
Interpersonal Distance ◽  
Active Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
External Cues ◽  
Interpersonal Space

We provide preliminary evidence that listening to music through headphones alters the perception of space around the body—specifically, the interpersonal distance maintained between the self and others. In comparison to an external auditory environment, wearing headphones or earplugs increased the amount of space maintained between the wearer and another person during an active approach paradigm. This finding suggests that, when external cues to spatial location (such as sound) are removed, people compensate by increasing the distance between themselves and others. The implications of this research for navigating busy urban environments and for the social interactions of wearers of personal music systems are discussed.

scholarly journals AGE AND GENDER MAY INFLUENCE THE RESULTS OF ROUX-EN-Y GASTRIC BYPASS? Metabolic syndrome parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Garcia ANDRADE-SILVA ◽  
Danielle Arisa CARANTI ◽  
José Afonso SALLET ◽  
Lucas Pedroso Fernandes Ferreira LEAL ◽  
Antonio Joaquim Ferreira LEAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
One Year

Context Severe obesity affects the body favoring the development of serious diseases, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and non alcoholic fatty liver disease. Bariatric procedures increased in Brazil in the last decade. Objectives The purpose of this study was to verify if gender and age in date of procedure resulted significant differences in metabolic syndrome parameters after surgery. Methods The study involved 205 medical records of adult patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, stratified by gender and age groups and followed one year by a multidisciplinary team. Results It was observed significant decrease in body mass index, fasting glucose and insulin at all ages and both genders. Lipid profile showed significant improvements except high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Ectopic fat in the liver has decreased after 6 months in patients classified with steatosis at baseline. Patients classified as hypertensive blood pressure levels decreased 6 months after surgical intervention. Conclusions Roux-en-Y gastric bypass proved to be an important tool in remission of metabolic syndrome parameters. The reduction of body mass accompanied to decrease in insulin resistance resulted in lower prevalence of comorbidities associated with obesity. The benefits were similar and extended both genders and all age groups between 18 and 65 years old.

Diaghilev and British Writing

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-92
Author(s):  
Susan Jones
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Literary Responses ◽  
Literary Aesthetics ◽  
Ballets Russes ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Opening Up

This article explores the diversity of British literary responses to Diaghilev's project, emphasising the way in which the subject matter and methodologies of Diaghilev's modernism were sometimes unexpectedly echoed in expressions of contemporary British writing. These discussions emerge both in writing about Diaghilev's work, and, more discretely, when references to the Russian Ballet find their way into the creative writing of the period, serving to anchor the texts in a particular cultural milieu or to suggest contemporary aesthetic problems in the domain of literary aesthetics developing in the period. Figures from disparate fields, including literature, music and the visual arts, brought to their criticism of the Ballets Russes their individual perspectives on its aesthetics, helping to consolidate the sense of its importance in contributing to the inter-disciplinary flavour of modernism across the arts. In the field of literature, not only did British writers evaluate the Ballets Russes in terms of their own poetics, their relationship to experimentation in the novel and in drama, they developed an increasing sense of the company's place in dance history, its choreographic innovations offering material for wider discussions, opening up the potential for literary modernism's interest in impersonality and in the ‘unsayable’, discussions of the body, primitivism and gender.

Morphological Freedom and Medicine: Constructing the Posthuman Body

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luna Dolezal
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Gender Reassignment ◽  
Common Parlance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Body Practices ◽  
Health Function ◽  
At Will

The notion that the body can be changed at will in order to meet the desires and designs of its ‘owner’ is one that has captured the popular imagination and underpins contemporary medical practices such as cosmetic surgery and gender reassignment. In fact, describing the body as ‘malleable’ or ‘plastic’ has entered common parlance and dictates common-sense ideas of how we understand the human body in late-capitalist consumer societies in the wake of commercial biotechnologies that work to modify the body aesthetically and otherwise. If we are not satisfied with some aspect of our physicality – in terms of health, function or aesthetics – we can engage with a whole variety of self-care body practices – fashion, diet, exercise, cosmetics, medicine, surgery, laser – in order to ‘correct’, reshape or restyle the body. In addition, as technology has advanced and elective cosmetic surgery has unapologetically entered the mainstream, the notion of the malleable body has become intrinsically linked to the practices and discourses of biomedicine and, furthermore, has become a significant means to assert and affirm identity.

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