Bacterial strain for bast fiber crops degumming and its bio-degumming technique

Abstract The R&D of bio-degumming technology is under a slow progress due to the shortage of proper efficient bacterial strains and processes. A degumming bacterial strain—Pectobacterium wasabiae (PW)—with broad-spectrum degumming abilities was screened out in this study. After the fermentation for 12 h, the residual gum contents of kenaf bast, ramie bast, hemp bast, flax bast, and Apocynum venetum bast were all lower than 15%. This bacterial strain could realize the simultaneous extracellular secretion of pectinase, mannase, and xylanase with the maximum enzyme activity levels of 130.25, 157.58, and 115.24 IU/mL, respectively. The optimal degumming conditions of this bacterial strain were as follows: degumming time of 12 h, bath ratio of 1:10, temperature of 33 ℃, and inoculum size of 2%. After the bio-degumming through this bacterial strain, the COD in wastewater was below 4,000 mg/L, which was over 60% lower than that in boiling-off wastewater generated by chemical degumming. This technology achieves higher efficiency, higher quality, and lower pollution.

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Impact of a two-bacterial-strain formula, containing Bifidobacterium animalis lactis BB-12 and Enterococcus faecium L3, administered before and after therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication

Minerva Gastroenterologica e Dietologica ◽

10.23736/s1121-421x.19.02651-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Di Pierro ◽

Alexander Bertuccioli ◽

Mariella Saponara ◽

Leandro Ivaldi

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Bacterial Strain ◽

Enterococcus Faecium ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Eradication ◽

Bifidobacterium Animalis ◽

Before And After

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Effects of Microwave Treatment in Immersed Conditions on the Mechanical Properties of Jute Yarn

Fibers ◽

10.3390/fib9070040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Felicia Syrén ◽

Joel Peterson ◽

Nawar Kadi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Testing ◽

Glass Fibers ◽

Microwave Treatment ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Treatment Result ◽

Bast Fiber ◽

Fiber Properties ◽

Yarn Thickness ◽

Jute Yarn

The versatile bast fiber jute has environmental benefits compared to glass fibers. However, for jute to be used in a composite, the fiber properties need to be altered. This study aims to improve the mechanical properties of jute yarn to make it more suitable for technical applications as a composite. To alter its mechanical properties, jute yarn was immersed in water during microwave treatment. The time and power of the microwave settings differed between runs. Two states of the yarn were tested: fastened and un-fastened. Tensile testing was used at the yarn and fiber level, followed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and microscopy. The treatment result demonstrated the ability to increase the elongation of the jute yarn by 70%. The tenacity was also increased by 34% in the fastened state and 20% in the un-fastened state. FTIR showed that no change in the molecular structure occurred. The treatments resulted in a change of yarn thickness depending on the state of the yarn. The results indicate that microwave treatment can be used to make jute more suitable for technical applications depending on the microwave treatment parameters.

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A diet high in sugar and fat influences neurotransmitter metabolism and then affects brain function by altering the gut microbiota

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41398-021-01443-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yinrui Guo ◽

Xiangxiang Zhu ◽

Miao Zeng ◽

Longkai Qi ◽

Xiaocui Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Strain ◽

Brain Function ◽

Intestinal Tract ◽

High Fat ◽

Indirect Methods ◽

Neurotransmitter Secretion ◽

Direct And Indirect Methods ◽

Neurotransmitter Metabolism ◽

Host Brain

AbstractGut microbiota (GM) metabolites can modulate the physiology of the host brain through the gut–brain axis. We wished to discover connections between the GM, neurotransmitters, and brain function using direct and indirect methods. A diet with increased amounts of sugar and fat (high-sugar and high-fat (HSHF) diet) was employed to disturb the host GM. Then, we monitored the effect on pathology, neurotransmitter metabolism, transcription, and brain circularRNAs (circRNAs) profiles in mice. Administration of a HSHF diet-induced dysbacteriosis, damaged the intestinal tract, changed the neurotransmitter metabolism in the intestine and brain, and then caused changes in brain function and circRNA profiles. The GM byproduct trimethylamine-n-oxide could degrade some circRNAs. The basal level of the GM decided the conversion rate of choline to trimethylamine-n-oxide. A change in the abundance of a single bacterial strain could influence neurotransmitter secretion. These findings suggest that a new link between metabolism, brain circRNAs, and GM. Our data could enlarge the “microbiome–transcriptome” linkage library and provide more information on the gut–brain axis. Hence, our findings could provide more information on the interplay between the gut and brain to aid the identification of potential therapeutic markers and mechanistic solutions to complex problems encountered in studies of pathology, toxicology, diet, and nutrition development.

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Alleviation of Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings via Multifunctional Bacillus aryabhattai PM34: An In-Vitro Study

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13148030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 8030

Author(s):

Shehzad Mehmood ◽

Amir Abdullah Khan ◽

Fuchen Shi ◽

Muhammad Tahir ◽

Tariq Sultan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Bacterial Strain ◽

Acc Deaminase ◽

Wheat Growth ◽

Wheat Seedlings ◽

Pgp Traits ◽

Bacillus Aryabhattai

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria play a substantial role in plant growth and development under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. However, understanding about the functional role of rhizobacterial strains for wheat growth under salt stress remains largely unknown. Here we investigated the antagonistic bacterial strain Bacillus aryabhattai PM34 inhabiting ACC deaminase and exopolysaccharide producing ability to ameliorate salinity stress in wheat seedlings under in vitro conditions. The strain PM34 was isolated from the potato rhizosphere and screened for different PGP traits comprising nitrogen fixation, potassium, zinc solubilization, indole acetic acid, siderophore, and ammonia production, along with various extracellular enzyme activities. The strain PM34 showed significant tolerance towards both abiotic stresses including salt stress (NaCl 2 M), heavy metal (nickel, 100 ppm, and cadmium, 300 ppm), heat stress (60 °C), and biotic stress through mycelial inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani (43%) and Fusarium solani (41%). The PCR detection of ituC, nifH, and acds genes coding for iturin, nitrogenase, and ACC deaminase enzyme indicated the potential of strain PM34 for plant growth promotion and stress tolerance. In the in vitro experiment, NaCl (2 M) decreased the wheat growth while the inoculation of strain PM34 enhanced the germination% (48%), root length (76%), shoot length (75%), fresh biomass (79%), and dry biomass (87%) over to un-inoculated control under 2M NaCl level. The results of experiments depicted the ability of antagonistic bacterial strain Bacillus aryabhattai PM34 to augment salt stress tolerance when inoculated to wheat plants under saline environment.

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Improvement of Performance Profile of Acrylic Based Polyester Bio-Composites by Bast/Basalt Fibers Hybridization for Automotive Applications

Journal of Composites Science ◽

10.3390/jcs5040100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 100

Author(s):

Anjum Saleem ◽

Luisa Medina ◽

Mikael Skrifvars

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Composites ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

Basalt Fiber ◽

Fiber Composites ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Basalt Fibers ◽

Bast Fiber ◽

Bast Fibers ◽

Resin Impregnation ◽

Structural Applications

New technologies in the automotive industry require lightweight, environment-friendly, and mechanically strong materials. Bast fibers such as kenaf, flax, and hemp reinforced polymers are frequently used composites in semi-structural applications in industry. However, the low mechanical properties of bast fibers limit the applications of these composites in structural applications. The work presented here aims to enhance the mechanical property profile of bast fiber reinforced acrylic-based polyester resin composites by hybridization with basalt fibers. The hybridization was studied in three resin forms, solution, dispersion, and a mixture of solution and dispersion resin forms. The composites were prepared by established processing methods such as carding, resin impregnation, and compression molding. The composites were characterized for their mechanical (tensile, flexural, and Charpy impact strength), thermal, and morphological properties. The mechanical performance of hybrid bast/basalt fiber composites was significantly improved compared to their respective bast fiber composites. For hybrid composites, the specific flexural modulus and strength were on an average about 21 and 19% higher, specific tensile modulus and strength about 31 and 16% higher, respectively, and the specific impact energy was 13% higher than bast fiber reinforced composites. The statistical significance of the results was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

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Effect of TiO2 on Selected Pathogenic and Opportunistic Intestinal Bacteria

Biological Trace Element Research ◽

10.1007/s12011-021-02843-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik ◽

Dominik Szwajgier ◽

Klaudia Gustaw

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Bacterial Strain ◽

Intestinal Bacteria ◽

Food Additive ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽

Food Grade ◽

The Eu

AbstractFood-grade titanium dioxide (TiO2) containing a nanoparticle fraction (TiO2 NPs-nanoparticles) is widely used as a food additive (E171 in the EU). In recent years, questions concerning its effect on the gastrointestinal microbiota have been raised. In the present study, we examined interactions between bacteria and TiO2. The study involved six pathogenic/opportunistic bacterial strains and four different-sized TiO2 types: three types of food-grade E171 compounds and TiO2 NPs (21 nm). Each bacterial strain was exposed to four concentrations of TiO2 (60, 150, 300, and 600 mg/L TiO2). The differences in the growth of the analyzed strains, caused by the type and concentration of TiO2, were observed. The growth of a majority of the strains was shown to be inhibited after exposure to 300 and 600 mg/L of the food-grade E171 and TiO2 NPs.

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