The difference of multifractality of black carbon, NOx and CO at traffic site and its implications for air pollution sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Shi ◽  
Chunqiong Liu ◽  
Yanhui Li ◽  
Juan Du
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Traffic Site ◽  
The Difference

scholarly journals Amplification of light absorption of black carbon associated with air pollution

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 9879-9896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Zhang ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yafang Cheng ◽  
Hang Su ◽  
Haiyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Direct Radiative Forcing ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. The impacts of black carbon (BC) aerosols on air quality, boundary layer dynamics and climate depend not only on the BC mass concentration but also on the light absorption capability of BC. It is well known that the light absorption capability of BC depends on the amount of coating materials (namely other species that condense and coagulate on BC). However, the difference of light absorption capability of ambient BC-containing particles under different air pollution conditions (e.g., clean and polluted conditions) remains unclear due to the complex aging process of BC in the atmosphere. In this work, we investigated the evolution of light absorption capability for BC-containing particles with changing pollution levels in urban Beijing, China. During the campaign period (17 to 30 November 2014), with an increase in PM1 concentration from ∼ 10 to ∼ 230 µg m−3, we found that the mass-weighted averages of the aging degree and theoretical light absorption capability of BC-containing particles increased by ∼ 33 % and ∼ 18 %, respectively, indicating stronger light absorption capability of BC-containing particles under more polluted conditions due to more coating materials on the BC surface. By using an effective emission intensity (EEI) model, we further found that aging during regional transport plays an important role in the difference in the light absorption capability of BC-containing particles under different air pollution levels. During the pollution episode, ∼ 63 % of the BC over Beijing originated from regional sources outside of Beijing. These regionally sourced BC-containing particles were characterized by more coating materials on BC surfaces due to more coating precursors within more polluted air, which contributed ∼ 75 % of the increase in theoretical light absorption capability of BC observed in Beijing during the polluted period (PM1 of ∼ 230 µg m−3) compared to that in the clean period (PM1 of ∼ 10 µg m−3). Due to the increase in theoretical light absorption capability of BC associated with air pollution, the direct radiative forcing of BC was estimated to be increased by ∼ 18 % based on a simple radiation transfer model. Our work identified an amplification of theoretical light absorption and direct radiative forcing under a more polluted air environment due to more coating materials on BC. The air pollution control measures may, however, break the amplification effect by reducing emissions of both BC and the coating precursors and achieve co-benefits of both air quality and climate.

scholarly journals Amplification of light absorption of black carbon associated with air pollution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Zhang ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Yafang Cheng ◽  
Hang Su ◽  
Haiyan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Direct Radiative Forcing ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. The impacts of black carbon (BC) aerosols on air quality, boundary layer dynamic and climate depend not only on the BC mass concentration but also on the light absorption capability of BC. It well known that the light absorption capability of BC depends on the amount of coating materials (namely other species on BC by condensation and coagulation). However, the difference of light absorption capability of ambient BC-containing particles under different air pollution conditions (e.g., the air clean and polluted conditions) remains unclear due to the complex aging process of BC in the atmosphere. In this work, we investigated the evolution of light absorption capability for BC-containing particles with changing pollution levels in urban Beijing, China. During the campaign period (17 to 30 November 2014), with the growth of PM1 concentration from ~ 10 μg m−3 to ~ 230 μg m−3, we found that the aging degree and light absorption capability of BC-containing particles with refractory BC cores of ~ 75–200 nm increased by 26–73 % and 13–44 % respectively, indicating stronger light absorption capability of BC-containing particles under more polluted conditions due to more coating materials on the BC surface. By using effective emission intensity (EEI) model, we further found that aging during the regional transport plays an important role in the difference among the light absorption capability of BC-containing particles under different air pollution levels. During the pollution episode, ~ 63 % of the BC over Beijing originated from regional sources outside of Beijing. These regionally sourced BC-containing particles were characterized by more coating materials on BC surface due to accelerated aging process within more polluted air, which contributed ~ 78 % of the increase in light absorption capability of BC observed in Beijing during the polluted period (PM1 of ~ 230 μg m−3) comparing to that in the clean period (PM1 of ~ 10 μg m−3). Due to the increase of light absorption capability of BC associated with air pollution, the direct radiative forcing of BC was estimated to be increased by ~ 20 % based on a simple radiation transfer model. Our work identified an amplification of light absorption and direct radiative forcing under more air polluted environment due to more coating pollutants on BC. The air pollution control measures may, on the other hand, break the amplification effect by reducing both emissions of BC and the coating materials and achieve co-benefits of both air quality and climate.

VALORIZATION OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT OF SOUTH SERBIA FROM THE AIR QUALITY ASPECT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1329-1333
Author(s):  
Miodrag Šmelcerović
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Pollution Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Sources Of Pollution

The protection of the environment and people’s health from negative influences of the pollution of air as a medium of the environment requires constant observing of the air quality in accordance with international standards, the analysis of emission and imission of polluting matters in the air, and their connection with the sources of pollution. Having in mind the series of laws and delegated legislations which define the field of air pollution, it is necessary to closely observe these long-term processes, discovering cause-and-effect relationships between the activities of anthropogenic sources of emission of polluting matters and the level of air degradation. The relevant evaluation of the air quality of a certain area can be conducted if the level of concentration of polluting matters characteristic for the pollution sources of this area is observed in a longer period of time. The data obtained by the observation of the air pollution are the basis for creation of the recovery program of a certain area. Vranje is a town in South Serbia where there is a bigger number of anthropogenic pollution sources that can significantly diminish the air quality. The cause-and-effect relationship of the anthropogenic sources of pollution is conducted related to the analysis of systematized data which are in the relevant data base of the authorized institution The Institute of Public Health Vranje, for the time period between the year of 2012. and 2017. By the analysis of data of imission concentrations of typical polluting matters, the dominant polluting matters were determined on the territory of the town of Vranje, the ones that are the causers of the biggest air pollution and the risk for people’s health. Analysis of the concentration of soot, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides indicates their presence in the air of Vranje town area in concentrations that do not exceed the permitted limit values annually. The greatest pollution is caused by the soot content in the air, especially in the winter period when the highest number of days with the values above the limit was registered. By perceiving the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, it is clear that the concentration of polluting matters can be decreased only by establishing control over anthropogenic sources of pollution, and thus it can be contributed to the improvement of the air quality of this urban environment.

scholarly journals The Influence of Air Pollution on the Development of Allergic Inflammation in the Airways in Krakow’s Atopic and Non-Atopic Residents

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2383
Author(s):  
Ewa Czarnobilska ◽  
Małgorzata Bulanda ◽  
Daniel Bulanda ◽  
Marcel Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Birch Pollen Allergen ◽  
Blood Basophil ◽  
Simultaneous Activation ◽  
The Difference

Until now, the simultaneous influence of air pollution assessed by measuring the objective marker of exposition (1-hydroxypirene, 1-OHP) and atopy on the development of allergic airway diseases has not been studied. The aim of this study was to determine the pathomechanism of the allergic response to PM2.5 in atopic and non-atopic patients. We investigated the changes in peripheral blood basophil activity of patients after stimulation with the birch pollen allergen alone, the allergen combined with PM2.5 (BP), PM2.5 alone, a concentration of 1-OHP in urine, and a distance of residence from the main road in 30 persons. Activation by dust alone was positive for all concentrations in 83% of atopic and 75% of non-atopic assays. In the group of people with atopy, the simultaneous activation of BP gave a higher percentage of active basophils compared to the sum of activation with dust and birch pollen alone (B + P) for all concentrations. The difference between BP and B + P was 117.5 (p = 0.02) at a PM concentration of 100 μg. Such a relationship was not observed in the control group. The correlation coefficient between the distance of residence from major roads and urinary 1-OHP was 0.62. A Pearson correlation analysis of quantitative variables was performed, and positive correlation results were obtained in the atopy group between BP and 1-OH-P. Exposure to birch pollen and PM2.5 has a synergistic effect in sensitized individuals. The higher the exposure to pollutants, the higher the synergistic basophil response to the allergen and PM in atopic patients.

scholarly journals Dome effect of black carbon and its key influencing factors: A one-dimensional modelling study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zilin Wang ◽  
Xin Huang ◽  
Aijun Ding
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Haze Pollution ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) has been identified to play a critical role in aerosol-planet boundary layer (PBL) interaction and further deterioration of near-surface air pollution in megacities, which has been named as its dome effect. However, the impacts of key factors that influence this effect, such as the vertical distribution and aging processes of BC, and also the underlying land surface, have not been quantitatively explored yet. Here, based on available in-situ measurements of meteorology and atmospheric aerosols together with the meteorology-chemistry online coupled model, WRF-Chem, we conduct a set of parallel simulations to quantify the roles of these factors in influencing the BC's dome effect and surface haze pollution, and discuss the main implications of the results to air pollution mitigation in China. We found that the impact of BC on PBL is very sensitive to the altitude of aerosol layer. The upper level BC, especially those near the capping inversion, is more essential in suppressing the PBL height and weakening the turbulence mixing. The dome effect of BC tends to be significantly intensified as BC aerosol mixed with scattering aerosols during winter haze events, resulting in a decrease of PBL height by more than 25 %. In addition, the dome effect is more substantial (up to 15 %) in rural areas than that in the urban areas with the same BC loading, indicating an unexpected regional impact of such kind of effect to air quality in countryside. This study suggests that China's regional air pollution would greatly benefit from BC emission reductions, especially those from the elevated sources from the chimneys and also the domestic combustions in rural areas, through weakening the aerosol-boundary layer interactions that triggered by BC.

Study and Simulate the Air Pollution Based on the Finite Difference Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2820-2824
Author(s):  
Yi Ni Guo ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Ye Huang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Finite Difference Method ◽  
Difference Method ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Liquid Diffusion ◽  
Continuous Problems ◽  
The Finite Difference Method ◽  
The Difference

The finite difference method that is the finite element method is used to solve the plane continuous problems. In this article, the theory and method of the finite difference method, as well as the application on the boundary problem are introduced. By analyzing the potential flew field equation and liquid diffusion equation, they are discreted using the difference method and the numerical analysis under certain boundary condition is conducted. In air pollution, the smoke in the diffusion is typical planar continuous problems. In this paper, the finite difference method is used to analyse and simulate the spread of the smoke.

scholarly journals Peramalan Pencemaran Udara Di Kota Surabaya Menggunakan Metode DSARIMA dengan Pendekatan Percentile Error Bootstrap (PEB)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
Novi Koesoemaningroem ◽  
Endroyono Endroyono ◽  
Supeno Mardi Susiki Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Forecast Data ◽  
Accuracy Result ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Air Pollution Forecasting

<p>Peramalan pencemaran udara yang  akurat  diperlukan untuk mengurangi dampak pencemaran udara. Peramalan yang belum akurat akan berdampak kurang efektifnya tindakan yang dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi dampak pencemaran udara. Sehingga diperlukan sebuah pendekatan yang dapat mengetahui keakuratan plot data hasil peramalan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan melakukan peramalan pencemaran udara berdasarkan parameter PM<sub>10</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, CO, SO<sub>2</sub>, dan O<sub>3</sub>dengan metode DSARIMA. Data dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 8.760 data yang berasal dari Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kota Surabaya. Berdasarkan hasil peramalan selama 168 jam kadar parameter PM<sub>10</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub> dan O<sub>3</sub> cenderung  menurun. Hasil peramalan selama 168 jam dengan menggunakan DSARIMA memberikan hasil peramalan yang nilainya mendekati data aktual terbukti dari polanya yang sesuai atau mirip dengan grafik plot data aktual dengan hasil ramalan. Dengan pendekatan PEB, selisih antara data aktual dan data ramalan kecil dan plot grafik PEB mengikuti plot grafik di data aktual, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa model sudah sesuai. Hasil akurasi terbaik yang dihasilkan adalah model DSARIMA dengan RMSE terkecil 0,59 didapatkan dari parameter CO yaitu ARIMA(0,1,[1,2,3])(0,1,1)<sup>24</sup>(0,1,1)<sup>168</sup>.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Judul2"><em>Accurate air pollution forecasting is needed to reduce the impact of air pollution. Inaccurate forecasting will result in less effective actions taken to anticipate the impact of air pollution. So we need an approach that can determine the accuracy of the forecast data plot. This research was conducted with the aim of forecasting air pollution based on the PM<sub>10</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, CO, <sub>SO2</sub>, and O<sub>3</sub> parameters using the DSARIMA method. The data in this study were 8.760 data from the Surabaya City Environmental Service. Based on the results of forecasting for 168 hours, the levels of PM<sub>10</sub>, NO<sub>2, </sub>SO<sub>2</sub>, and O<sub>3</sub> parameters tend to decrease. Forecasting results for 168 hours using DSARIMA provide forecasting results whose values are close to the actual data as evidenced by the pattern that matches or is similar to the actual data plot graph with the forecast results. With the PEB approach, the difference between the actual data and the forecast data is small and the PEB graph plot follows the graph plot in the actual data, so it can be said that the model is appropriate. The best accuracy result is DSARIMA with the smallest RMSE 0,59 obtained from the CO parameter, namely </em>ARIMA(0,1,[1,2,3])(0,1,1)<sup>24</sup>(0,1,1)<sup>168</sup>.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

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