scholarly journals Impacts of urbanization on mangrove forests and brachyuran crabs in Penang, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Stiepani ◽  
Lucy Gwen Gillis ◽  
Su Yin Chee ◽  
Martin Pfeiffer ◽  
Inga Nordhaus
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Crab Species ◽  
The West ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Species Importance

AbstractUrban development is driving the loss and subsequent fragmentation of mangrove forests in Penang, Malaysia. However, little research has focused on the implications of urbanization onto the biodiversity within mangrove forests. This study investigates and compares both vegetation and crab assemblages between urban and rural mangrove forests. Collectively, 5853 trees were recorded including 15 species from six families: Acanthaceae, Arecaceae, Lythraceae, Malvaceae, Meliaceae, and Rhizophoraceae. Avicennia marina accounted for 88.6% of all trees in the study and held the highest species importance (IV). Although the total number of mangrove tree species varied significantly between urban (14) and rural (7) mangrove forests, the mangrove forest structure based on IV did not vary significantly. In total, 633 crabs were recorded comprising 13 different species from three superfamilies: Grapsoidea, Ocypodoidea, and Paguroidea. Crab species richness did not vary between urban and rural sites, but the biomasses of five and the densities of four crab species varied significantly. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that land use, salinity, and abundance of Avicennia officinalis can best describe the distribution of crab species (r2 =32.7). This study indicates that smaller fragmented urban mangroves at the east coast of Penang have a relatively high tree and crab diversity and are worth protecting, in addition to the larger mangrove forests on the west coast. The preservation of small yet interconnected mangrove sites could be critical to the recruitment of their flora and fauna and should be considered in decision-making processes.

scholarly journals PLANTING OF RHIZOPORA TYPES IN MANGROVE FORESTS PERCUT SEI TUAN NORTH SUMATERA

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Ridahati Rambey ◽  
Delvian ◽  
Deni Elfiati
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Vegetation Community ◽  
Local Species ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Beach Vegetation

Mangrove forest is a tropical beach vegetation community dominated by several tree species that can grow and develop in tidal and muddy beaches. Some mangrove areas recently have been damaged due to illegal activities carried out by various parties, one of which is the East Coast of Sumatra in the Sub District Percut Sei Tuan, Deli Serdang District, Province of North Sumatra. The purpose of the activities is to focus on replanting mangrove lands that have been damaged by local species. The growned in Tanjung Rejo Village Percut Sei Tuan buds are like Rhizopora stylosa, Rhizopora apiculata and Avicennia marina type. Percentage of growing plants were R. stylosa (92.37%), R. apiculata (90%), mixed propagules of R. stylosa and R. apiculata (90%) and A. marina (56%) respectively. Overall the rehabilitation of mangrove forest is categorized as successful, but only one species of the smallest growing with percentage is A. marina (56%) this is because the location of  planting is adjacent to the sea where the plants can not stand the tidal currents.

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS MANGROVE DI DESA MENDALOK KECAMATAN SUNGAI KUNYIT KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahrul Muharamsyah ◽  
M Sofwan Anwari ◽  
Hafiz Ardian
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Sonneratia Caseolaris ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Bruguiera Cylindrica

Mangrove forests are unique ecosystems that have ecological, biological and socio-economic functions. The function of mangrove forests on the environment is very important especially in the coastal and oceanic regions. Mangrove forests providers of wood, leaves as raw material for medicines, and natural dye. This study aims to inventory the diversity of species of mangrove vegetation in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency. The benefits of this study are to provide the data on mangrove forest vegetation as basic data for local government and related agencies in efforts to protect and preserve mangrove forests in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency. Inventory the tree in mangrove forest used a line with measured 200 meters. There are 6 lines and the distance between the lines as far as 100 meters. The lines of observation are placed by purposive sampling. The results of research found 11 types of species and consisted of 6 genera. The genera are Avicennia, Bruguiera, Ceriops, Rhizophora, Soneratia and Xylocarpus. The species found were Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Bruguiera parviflora, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia caseolaris, Xylocarpus mollucensis. Diversity of mangrove species in Mendalok Village, Sungai Kunyit Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency was high and should be maintained for conservation and ecotourism area. Keywords : conservation, ecotourism, mangrove, Mendalok Village

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS GASTROPODA DI HUTAN MANGROVE SUNGAI KAKAP KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Luis Rosario ◽  
M Sofwan Anwari ◽  
Slamet Rifanjani ◽  
Herlina Darwati
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Dense Medium ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Sparse Vegetation ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Observation Method

Gastropod is one of the mollusk phylum that can adapt and decompose in mangrove forests. The mangrove forest in Sungai Kakap is an area that is slowly being opened due to the local community people’s activities. They opened land to build buildings, farms, and villages. This research is aimed at studying the diversity of Gastropod and the influence of the mangrove tree density on the gastropod diversity in the mangrove forest of Sungai Kakap, Sungai Kakap Village of Kubu Raya Regency. The data were taken in May 2018. The analysis was conducted using the observation method by making six observation lines. The lines were differentiated based on the density of the vegetations: dense, medium, and sparse. The number of Gastropods found in the Kakap River mangrove forest is 4 types of gastropods with a total of 252 individuals. Respectively from dense, medium, and sparse vegetation, the gastropod dominance index is 0.68, 0.37, and 0.51; the diversity index is 0.25, 0.49, and 0.33; the species average index is 0.27, 0.97, and 0.4; and the gastropod species richness index is 4.03, 1.18, and 0.7. Lastly, the species similarity index is respectively 86%, 66%, and 86%. Keywords: Gastropod, Mangrove Forests, Vegetation density.

scholarly journals COLONIZATION OF MANGROVE FOREST AT ABANDONED SHRIMP-POND OF SEGARA ANAKAN-CILACAP

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tjut Sugandawaty Djohan
Keyword(s):  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Shrimp Ponds ◽  
Shrimp Pond ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius ◽  
Avicennia Alba ◽  
Mangrove Trees

During the 1996 to 1997, large areas of mangrove forest in the Segara Anakan were cleared and converted into intensive shrimp-ponds. After one to two years, these shrimp-ponds failed and were abandoned. These abandoned ponds created large gap areas and canopy gaps, which were colonized by mangrove shrub and liana. The Segara Anakan mangrove also experienced heavy siltation, and there were tree cuttings from the remnant of the mangrove trees. This research aimed to study the colonization of mangrove vegetation at the abandoned-shrimp pond. Vegetation data were collected using rectangular plots of 25 m x 25 m with 4 replicates. The water qualities were also studied. The results revealed that the mangrove forests were composed of two layers: canopy tree and floor-vegetation. The gap areas triggered the pioneer species of mangrove shrubs and liana, Acanthus ilicifolius and Derris heterophylla, to colonize and dominate 100% of the mangrove forest floor. The mangrove trees consisted of natural and planted tree species. The natural trees were Sonneratia alba, Avicennia alba, and saplings of Aegiceras corniculatum, which  varied between 56 – 136, 4, and 4 individuals per ha, respectively. The planted trees were Rhizophora apiculata, which amounted to 4 – 12 individuals per ha, at the island of the ponds. These trees and saplings were entangled by the liana mangrove, which disturbed their growth. The A. ilicifolius and D. heterophylla prevented the mangrove tree propagules to grow, and they colonized and characterized those abandoned shrimp-ponds, which threatened the Segara Anakan mangrove ecosystem. 

scholarly journals Partisipasi Kelompok Masyarakat Dalam Pelestarian Hutan Mangrove Di Desa Margasari Kecamatan Labuhan Maringgai Kabupaten Lampung Timur

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Askasifi Eka Cesario ◽  
Slamet Budi Yuwono ◽  
Rommy Qurniati
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Fish Processing ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Processing Group ◽  
Mangrove Conservation

The damage of mangrove forests as a green belt in the east coast of Lampung was very concerning.  This research was conducted on April 2014 in Margasari village Labuan Maringgai District of East Lampung regency. The participation of villagers community that included Margajaya Utama community, Margajaya Satu community, Environmental Education (PLH), Shrimp Paste (terasi) processing group, Farmers group, Fishermen group, and fish processing group give impacts of mangrove conservation.  The purpose of this research were to determine the type of institutional participatory and the level of participation society groups of mangrove forests conservation.  The method used descriptive quantitative by administering a score in each category answers and descriptive qualitative to present the type of participatory institutional which has definition as participation of each institution member to develop a better institution. Result of the research found that the level of participation of the community in mangrove forests conservation had been very good and Margajaya community was the best one which has mobilisasi swakarsa as type of participatory institutional. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the type of participatory institutional consists of passive participation in the group of farmers, fish processing group, shrimp paste processing (terasi) group and fishermen groups, participation in consultative is community of environmental education and mobilization swakarsa of participation, consists the group of margajaya. The level of participation of community groups in the preservation of mangrove forests on the highest category is 73,68% that is supported by the margajaya group and community of environmental education, then medium category is 19,74% that included farmers group, fish processing group, and fishermen group, then 6,58% of low category is farmers group and shrimp paste (terasi) processing group. Key words: Mangrove forest, community group society, conservation

Seed predation in a tropical mangrove forest: a test of the dominance-predation model in northern Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. McGuinness
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Rhizophora Stylosa ◽  
Ceriops Tagal ◽  
Preferred Species ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTStudies of predation on propagules of the mangroves Avicennia marina, Bruguiera exaristata, Ceriops tagal and Rhizophora stylosa were made in a forest in northern Australia to test the generality of the dominance-predation model. This model states that an inverse relationship exists between the dominance of a species in the canopy of mangrove forests and the rate of predation on the propagules of that species. Significant differences in predation were found among the four species, and among patches of forest dominated by the different species. Predators attacked more than 50% of the propagules of all species except R. stylosa, so are likely to significantly affect forest structure. The intensity of predation did not, however, vary as the dominance-predation model predicted. Instead, predation on the propagules of a species appeared to depend on the availability of propagules of other, more highly preferred, species.

scholarly journals The Commercial Value of Mangrove-Based Pigments as Natural Dye for Batik Textiles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delianis Pringgenies ◽  
Ali Ridlo ◽  
Lutfianna Fatma Dewi ◽  
Ali Djunaedi
Keyword(s):  
Seawater Intrusion ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Natural Dye ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Tsunami Disaster ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Water Pond ◽  
The Government

Mangrove, or bakau as it is known in Indonesia, is one of the vegetations commonly found along the shallow coasts, estuaries, deltas and protected coastal areas and are still influenced by rising tides. After the Aceh tsunami disaster, mangrove restoration was intensively conducted in coastal areas all over Indonesia and was made into a special conservation program by the government. Mangrove is distinguishable by its big, wooden stilt roots, sharpening tip in the form of supporting leaves. The roots of the mangrove tree are morphologically distinguishable into heart root which grows into the ground and the stilt root which appear to grabs onto the surface of the ground. Mangrove forests serve several important ecological roles: they act as filters which turns saline water into fresh water, buffer from seawater intrusion, prevent erosion and abrasion, hold sediments to form new habitats, feeding ground, nursery ground, and spawning ground for a number of aquatic wildlife. Mangrove forest also possess economical functions such as as source of income, industrial ingredients for the locals and as source of new mangrove seedlings. Mangunhardjo Village, Urban Community of Mangunhardjo, Mangkang Area, Kecamatan of Tugu, Semarang City, Indonesia was an area dotted with brackish water pond. However, the area had been suffering from the effects of climate change, being inundated by overflow of river and seawater intrusion (rob). These disasters caused decline in the productivity of the ponds in the area. In an effort to combat the adverse effect of environmental change in the area, the locals of Mangunhardjo village decided to shift their livelihood by restoring the surrounding mangrove forest. Mangrove conservation at Mangunhardjo Village was conducted through activities of the program such as mangrove planting, mangrove-based food production, and mangrove waste management by applications of bioactivator bacteria for mangrove composting and production of mangrove-based natural dye for batik fabric. Mangrove-based natural dye for batik fabric from Rhizopora mucronata mangrove waste is a quite promising product and increases people’s income.

Mangroves as maternity roosts for a colony of the rare east-coast free-tailed bat (Mormopterus norfolkensis) in south-eastern Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna McConville ◽  
Bradley S. Law ◽  
Michael J. Mahony
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Lactating Females ◽  
Roost Trees ◽  
Grey Mangrove

Context Maternity roosts of insectivorous bats (where females raise young) are critical to the conservation of threatened species as roost quality can influence reproductive success. Additionally, threatened species may have specialised requirements or unusual behaviour, which may be overlooked without targeted investigation. Aims To explore which factors influence the roost selection of Mormopterus norfolkensis, by comparing day roosts, identified via radio-tracking, with environmental variables collected at tree, patch and landscape scales. Methods We collected a range of variables describing maternity roosts and surrounding patches, including internal measurements of hollows and microclimate. Additionally, we derived landscape-scale variables using a geographic information system. We then explored which variables best explained roost occurrence using logistic regression. Key results Nineteen lactating females and two male M. norfolkensis were tracked to 40 roost trees, mostly grey mangrove, Avicennia marina subsp. australasica. Lactating females were found to be faithful to two patches of mangrove forest close to where they were captured, regularly switched roosts and roosted in hollows singularly or in small groups. The attributes of mangrove patches, especially a high proportion of hollows, better predicted roosting by lactating females than roost-tree or landscape characteristics. Additionally, although the microclimate of roost hollows was not significantly different from ambient mangrove conditions, the mangrove forest was slightly more stable and had higher humidity than did other nearby habitats. Conclusions Contrary to predictions, maternity roosting group sizes were relatively small, indicating that bats were not deriving thermoregulatory benefits from communal living. However, we suggest that lactating females may benefit from the operation of a fission–fusion society among the colony as a whole. Additionally, the mature mangrove forest could offer unique roosting opportunities for bats because they support high densities of hollow-bearing trees, a stable microclimate and potentially low abundances of predators and competitors. Implications This is one of few international bat–mangrove studies and it illustrates that threatened species can behave unexpectedly and may be overlooked in conservation strategies that are based largely on anecdotal observations. We encourage further research into the value of mangrove forests to terrestrial fauna globally.

scholarly journals Basic properties of the mangrove tree branches as a raw material of wood pellets and briquettes

2021 ◽  
Vol 891 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
A Nuryawan ◽  
R S Syahputra ◽  
I Azhar ◽  
I Risnasari
Keyword(s):  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Cubic Form ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Solid Biofuels ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Mangrove Trees

Abstract In order to sustain mangrove forests, only branches part of the mangrove trees have been utilized. In this context, these parts have been used as the raw material of wood pellets and briquettes. These solid biofuels are produced by compressing pulverized woody biomass with or without additives in cubic-form or cylindrical units. In this study, five predominant mangrove trees, namely Avicennia marina, Bruguiera sexangula, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizopora apiculata, and R. mucronata, have been harvested their branches. Wood with and without bark derived from branches has been investigated for their fundamental properties, namely percentage of bark, ash-content, and physical properties (moisture content, density, and specific gravity). These properties will determine the quality class of the resulted wood pellets and briquettes considering pre-treatment or the nature of the branches’ wood.

scholarly journals Mangrove damage level in the waters of Berakit Village, Bintan Island, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susiana Susiana ◽  
Mario Putra Suhana
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Damage Level ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Transect Line ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata

Mangrove forest or better known as mangrove forest is an ecosystem found in coastal waters and has an important ecological and economic role. This study aims to measure and determine the health status of mangrove forests that grow in the waters of Berakit, Bintan based on the level of tree density. The study was conducted in August to November 2019 which was conducted at twenty station points spread from the mainland to the coastal waters of Berakit. Field data collection was performed using the quadratic transect line method, 10x10 m2 plot was made along the transect line to measure the diameter of the tree at breast height (DBH) which has a trunk circumference for each mangrove tree at breast height of about 1.3 m. Mangrove health status based on the level of density of mangrove trees is included in the criteria of Good with Very Solid category. Rhizophora apiculata is a species of mangrove that grows well and has an important role in the waters of Berakit, Bintan island.

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