scholarly journals Promise, premise, and reality: the case of voluntary environmental non-migration despite climate risks in coastal Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nasif Ahsan ◽  
Fatema Khatun ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Rajarshi Dasgupta ◽  
Brian Alan Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Migration Behavior ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Local Support

Abstract Despite confronting severe climatic risks, many people prefer to remain in climate hazard-prone areas rather than migrate. Environmental non-migration behavior, however, has gained relatively little research attention in the field of migration processes. This study aims to unveil the determinants motivating voluntary environmental non-migration decisions in coastal Bangladesh, an area highly exposed to flooding and other climate-related hazards (e.g., soil salinization). Applying a systematic random sampling, we selected 556 household respondents for a questionnaire survey from 14 villages of two coastal districts: Khulna and Satkhira. Applying a mixed method (i.e., both quantitative and qualitative) approach, major empirical results of this study suggest that even though all respondents lived in a similar situation in terms of climatic hazard and exposure, 88% of the respondents reported themselves as voluntary non-migrants. Furthermore, these non-migrants enjoyed higher socioeconomic and sociopsychological advantages and availed more local support from different government and non-government organizations than involuntary non-migrants. Again, mutual assistance, connection with social groups, natural resource access, sense of secured livelihood, stable societal atmosphere, and participation in decision-making in society appeared to build their higher degree of social capital $$({\chi }^{2}\left(4\right)=57.80;p<0.000)$$ ( χ 2 4 = 57.80 ; p < 0.000 ) compared to involuntary non-migrants. All these features lead to a favorable environment that ultimately drove the respondents to become voluntary non-migrants.

State Policy Control and Local Deviation: The Case of Immigration

2021 ◽  
pp. 0160323X2110008
Author(s):  
Brittany Blizzard ◽  
Jocelyn M. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
Policy Control ◽  
Local Support ◽  
Local Deviation ◽  
Immigration And Customs Enforcement ◽  
Method Approach

State preemption of local government discretion is examined through the lenses of county cooperation with federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and “immigration federalism.” Through a mixed-method approach, we examine why counties collaborate with ICE as well as how and why they deviate from state preemptions on local support for immigration. Analysis of a sample restricted to Georgia and Texas, states with especially robust preemptive anti-immigrant laws, suggests that special interests—those related to immigrant-dependent industries important to county economies—have significant influence over county decisions to minimize cooperation with ICE.

scholarly journals Major Climate risks and Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Farmers in Coastal Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Jeetendra Prakash Aryal ◽  
Tek Bahadur Sapkota ◽  
Dil Bahadur Rahut ◽  
Timothy J. Krupnik ◽  
Sumona Shahrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Climate Risks

scholarly journals Evacuation Behavior: Why Do Some People Never Evacuate to a Cyclone Shelter During an Emergency? A Case Study of Coastal Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-489
Author(s):  
Swarnali Chakma ◽  
Akihiko Hokugo ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Educational Campaign ◽  
Cyclone Shelter

According to the World Risk Report in 2018, Bangladesh has been identified as the most vulnerable country in the world. Among the 64 districts of this country, 19 districts are known as coastal districts 36.8 million people live in high-risk areas. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the reasons and factors why many residents do not comply with evacuation orders to cyclone shelters in an emergency period. Based on survey data collected from the survivors this paper finds that prior to the landfall of cyclone Komen in 2015 the majority of the respondents in Kutubdia Upazila had received cyclone warning either from Cyclone Preparedness Program volunteers or the radio, but only 61% of respondents in this village responded to the warning by seeking protection in the nearby shelter. The major identified reasons for 39% of respondent’s non-compliance with evacuation orders are the long distance of a cyclone shelter from home, an absence of the head of the family, gender-related concerns, not enough space in the shelter, the poor road network and no space for livestock in the shelter. It is also found that people did not start evacuation until observing the symptom of risk. To improve cyclone preparedness and response to evacuation orders from residents, an educational campaign by Government and Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) is needed in coastal zones to improve the use of public cyclone shelters. Finally, to reduce risk Government should take the initiative for infrastructural development in the coastal areas of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Large-Scale Agricultural Investment in Ethiopia: An Analysis of the Disconnects between Expectation and Reality

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
Maru Shete
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Agricultural Investment ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Large Scale Land ◽  
Different Levels

This article examines whether expectations held by different stakeholders from Large-Scale Land Acquisition (LSLA) have been realized in Ethiopia. Data were collected from key informants working at different levels in government organizations in Benshanguel, Oromia and Gambella regional states. Primary data were collected from households directly affected by the two large-scale farms in Oromia and Benshanguel Gumuz regional states. The samples were selected using a systematic random sampling technique. The findings indicated that LSLA rarely met prior expectations and highlighted the difficulty in realizing a win-win situation.

scholarly journals Academic identities and sense of place: A collaborative autoethnography in the neoliberal university

2021 ◽  
pp. 135050762110065
Author(s):  
Emma Nordbäck ◽  
Marko Hakonen ◽  
Janne Tienari
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Place ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Academic Excellence ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Academic Identities ◽  
The Face ◽  
Social Entities ◽  
And Control ◽  
Shared Understandings ◽  
Precarious Jobs

Neoliberalism, precarious jobs, and control of work have multiple effects on academic identities as our allegiances to valued social groups and our connections to meaningful locations are challenged. While identities in neoliberal universities have received increasing research attention, sense of place has passed unnoticed in the literature. We engage with collaborative autoethnography and contribute to the literature in two ways. First, we show that while academic identities are put into motion by the neoliberal regime, they are constructed through mundane constellations of places and social entities. Second, we elucidate how academic identities today are characterized by restlessness and how academics use place and time to find meaning for themselves and their work. We propose a form of criticism to neoliberal universities that is sensitive to positionalities and places and offer ideas on how to build shared understandings that help us survive in the face of neoliberal standards of academic “excellence.”

scholarly journals Public understanding of science and common sense: Social representations of the human microbiome among the expert and non-expert public

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205510292091323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida Galli ◽  
Roberto Fasanelli
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Public Understanding Of Science ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
Probabilistic Sample ◽  
Method Approach

The aim of this investigation is to examine the structure and the content of different social groups’ representations of the human microbiome. We employed a non-probabilistic sample comprising two groups of participants. The first group ( n = 244) included university students. The second group included lay people ( n = 355). We chose a mixed-method approach. The data obtained were processed using IRaMuTeQ software. The results allow us to identify the anchoring and objectification processes activated by the two different groups of interviewees. The results could be useful to those in charge of implementing campaigns aimed at promoting health literacy.

scholarly journals Bots as online impersonators

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Marie Santini ◽  
Débora Salles ◽  
Charbelly Estrella Estrella ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Barros ◽  
Daniela Orofino
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Online Communication ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
Municipal Elections ◽  
Mixed Method Approach ◽  
Observational Techniques ◽  
Method Approach

Social bots are automated agents programmed to act on social media impersonating human behaviour to influence discussions online. This paper aims to contribute to the discussion of how bots can endanger online communication and alter information flows. We resorted to a mixed-method approach based on grounded theory and observational techniques in order to investigate the bots’ activities online during the 2016 municipal elections in Rio de Janeiro. We collected related content on Twitter in this period and detected 3,101 bots. This sample was classified in three categories based on tweeting content: user-generated bot, media spambot, and political bot. Our findings indicate that, although bots work for different political and social purposes, their computational nature claims into service of dominant social groups and economical elites. We conclude that computational propaganda is building a dangerous scenario of widespread automation in which different kinds of algorithms bias social media conversation.

Bacteriological assessment of aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) water in southwest coastal Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Pervez Kabir ◽  
Md. Atikul Islam ◽  
Md. Ali Akber ◽  
Md. Sabbir Ahsan
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Pond Water ◽  
Aquifer Storage And Recovery ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Aquifer Storage ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Drinking Water Standard ◽  
Point Of Use

Safe drinking water is scarce in southwest coastal Bangladesh. Harvested rainwater and rain-fed pond water are the main sources of drinking water for people living in this area. Both government and non-government organizations are promoting aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) schemes to provide safe drinking water for this population. This study assessed the bacteriological quality of both source water and abstracted water from five ASR sites. Water sampling and laboratory analysis for indicator bacteria and physico-chemical parameters were conducted once every 2 months, over a period of 1 year. Samples were taken from source ponds, abstraction wells and household storage containers (point of use) for each of the ASR sites. Although the water from abstraction wells showed a 97% and 82% lowering of E. coli and Enterococci counts, respectively, from that of the source ponds, they did not satisfy the WHO drinking water standard. Moreover, the microbial quality of the water deteriorated at the point of use. This indicates the requirement for both in-house treatment and improved hygiene practice for consuming ASR water.

Evaluation der Pflege- und Führungskompetenz – eine Ausgangslage für die weitere Praxisentwicklung

Pflege ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline S. Martin ◽  
Irena Anna Frei ◽  
Franziska Suter-Hofmann ◽  
Katharina Fierz ◽  
Maria Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
Leadership Practice ◽  
Mixed Method Design ◽  
Competence Scale ◽  
Nurse Competence

Kompetente Pflege und effektives Leadership sind wichtige Voraussetzungen für die Bereitstellung einer qualitativ hochwertigen, evidenzbasierten, patienten- und ergebnisorientierten Patientenversorgung. Die Abteilung Klinische Pflegewissenschaft (KPW) am Universitätsspital Basel (USB) entwickelte und implementierte Programme zur gezielten Praxisentwicklung, welche die pflegerische Kompetenz sowie die des Leadership fördern. Zur Erfassung von Pflege- und Leadership-Kompetenz sowie der Arbeitsumgebungs- und Pflegequalität führte die KPW 2007 eine Evaluationsstudie mit einem Mixed-Method-Design durch. Am quantitativen Anteil der Studie nahmen 679 Pflegefachpersonen und 27 Stationsleitungen teil. Die deskriptiven Resultate zeigen, dass Pflegefachpersonen ihre durchschnittliche pflegerische Kompetenz über alle sieben Subkategorien der Nurse Competence Scale mit einem Mittelwert von 75,1 (VAS 0 – 100) beurteilten. Die Leadership-Kompetenz von Stationsleitungen wurde im oberen Drittel der Skala des Leadership Practice Inventory mit mittleren Werten zwischen 40 bis 50 (Meanscore: 6 – 60) eingeschätzt. Als Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahme sind regelmäßige Nachfolgeerhebungen im Sinne eines Monitoring geplant. Solche Erhebungen werden in Zukunft von zentraler Bedeutung sein, da zu erwarten ist, dass sich mit der Einführung des DRG-Finanzierungsmodells im schweizerischen Gesundheitswesen der Kontext der pflegerischen Leistungen verändern wird.

Multicultural Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the United States: Still Art, Not Yet Science, and Controversial

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Dana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Assessment ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Status ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Multicultural Assessment ◽  
Personality Description

This paper describes the status of multicultural assessment training, research, and practice in the United States. Racism, politicization of issues, and demands for equity in assessment of psychopathology and personality description have created a climate of controversy. Some sources of bias provide an introduction to major assessment issues including service delivery, moderator variables, modifications of standard tests, development of culture-specific tests, personality theory and cultural/racial identity description, cultural formulations for psychiatric diagnosis, and use of findings, particularly in therapeutic assessment. An assessment-intervention model summarizes this paper and suggests dimensions that compel practitioners to ask questions meriting research attention and providing avenues for developments of culturally competent practice.

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