scholarly journals Effect of Phosphorus and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Inoculation on Growth and Productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.) in a Tropical Ferralsol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audry Tshibangu Kazadi ◽  
Jonas Lwalaba wa Lwalaba ◽  
Bibich Kirika Ansey ◽  
Judith Mavungu Muzulukwau ◽  
Gabriella Manda Katabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSoil fertility in the Lubumbashi region often proves to be limiting factor for crop production due to their low nutrient reserves. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizae on phosphorus uptake by maize on Ferralsol. The trial was conducted in pots with 30 kg or 60 kg of P2O5 ha−1 and a control. These three levels of phosphorus were combined or not with arbuscular mycorrhizae. The combinations of 30 kg or 60 kg of phosphorus with the inoculum led to a male flowering of maize at 63 days after semi. Maize treated with 60 kg of phosphorus ha−1 formed very few or almost no blisters in the roots. Cob weight, length, diameter, number of rows and kernel weight varied significantly with phosphorus on both inoculated and uninoculated pots. The inoculated plants had high averages for these yield parameters. Due to the lack of phosphate fertilizer, inoculum alone can be an alternative to phosphorus provided that nitrogen and potassium are added, resulting in small but seed-filled ears compared to the phosphorus-free control without mycorrhizae, which resulted in empty ears. Yield varied significantly with the addition of phosphorus (0.3 to 6.1 tons ha−1) and less significantly with inoculum (3 to 3.7 t ha−1). The combination of treatments showed a significant difference in favour of the 60 kg of phosphorus or 60 kg of phosphorus associated with the inoculum. The highest phosphorus content was obtained on the inoculum treatment alone, which provided 1.4 mg phosphorus g−1 maize compared to other treatments, which provided 0.69 to 0.71 mg phosphorus g−1 maize.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizae alleviate water deficit in Dipteryx alata Vogel: seedling quality and resilience

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maílson Jesus ◽  
Silvana Scalon ◽  
Daiane Dresch ◽  
Jéssica Aline Linné ◽  
Vânia Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

Dipteryx alata Vogel (Fabaceae) is a fruit tree species native to the Cerrado with ecological and economic potential. However, water deficit can be a limiting factor to the initial growth of this species, requiring knowledge on technologies that can alleviate this stressful effect. We hypothesized that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi contributes to stress mitigation during and after water deficit. D. alata seedlings were subjected to two water regimes (control: seedlings irrigated daily; and water deficit: irrigation suspension); associated with inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF): AM- = without inoculation; AM+ = inoculation with Rhizophagus clarum; and three evaluation periods: T0 - time zero; F0 - zero photosynthesis (seven days of water restriction); REC - recovery (100 days). Water deficit impaired water relations, decreasing the quality of D. alata seedlings. AM+ seedlings showed higher relative water content (RWC), leaf area ratio, chlorophyll index, and Rubisco carboxylation capacity (A/Ci), which helped in photosynthetic metabolism. Inoculation with R. clarum alleviated the impact of stress on water use efficiency, water potential, RWC, and A/Ci in REC. Inoculation with AMF is a promising management technique in the production of D. alata seedlings for increasing seedling quality and resilience to water deficit.

Impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on N and P cycling in the root zone

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Hamel
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Turnover ◽  
The Impact

The influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on soil processes is difficult to define, in part because it varies with the plant and fungal geno types as well as with environmental conditions. The influence of AMF on N cycling is just being discovered. This short review examines areas of knowledge related to the nature of the mycorrhizosphere, AMF-microbe interactions, and N and P mobilization in the root zone. The role AMF could play in the root zone in N and P dynamics is presented. The spatial organization of roots and hyphae in soil suggests that AMF may enhance the reabsorption of nutrients lost through root exudation. These fungi influence soil microorganisms and, hence, they may influence biochemical reactions in soil including mineralization of organic matter and nitrification. AMF seem to improve the capacity of their host plant to use organic sources of P and N. AMF might improve the ability of plants to compete with saprotrophs for the uptake of P and N. The impact from this latter effect of AMF could exceed that stemming from their possible direct use of amino-acid-N, their production of phosphatase enzymes and possibly of organic anions. Better competitive ability of mycorrhizal plants under conditions of low soil P and N levels could reduce saprotrophic populations and, if this occurs, regulate soil organic matter turnover rate. The management of biological soil resources, in truly sustainable cropping systems, may be the largest challenge in crop production. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, soil functioning, nitrogen cycling, phosphorus cycling, soil fertility, soil microbial community

scholarly journals Response of some wheat genotypes to different salinity levels of Irrigated water

Plant Omics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Soleman M. Al Otayk
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salinity Levels

Salinity is one of the major constraints for crop production across the world. Saudi Arabia is dominated with desert environment with high salinity in the central region of the country. Therefore, salinity has a limiting factor for cereal crops in this region. The objective of this study was to assess the productivity and quality characters for some wheat (Triticum aestivum L) genotypes under different salinity levels of Irrigated water (control, 4000, 8000 ppm NaCl). The experiment was conducted during 2011 and 2012 seasons. The trial was conducted under greenhouse environmental condition at Qassim University Agricultural Research and Experimental Station during 2011 and 2012 seasons. Twenty wheat genotypes including: 5 genotypes from ICARDA, 7 genotypes from Pakistan, 5 Australian genotypes, one American genotype (Yocora Rojo), one Egyptian genotype (Sakha 93) and one local genotype (Sama) were used in this study. Results from wheat genotype trial showed a significant difference (p<0.05) for all traits due to increased salinity in irrigation water from 4000 to 8000 ppm. There was a significant difference between the varieties for plant height, 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels spike-1 and Na for grain and straw. The interaction effect was significant in number of spikes, 1000-kernel weight and Na for grain and hay and Na / K cereal. The results showed that Auqab 2000, Bhan 2000 and Shaka 93 have the highest yield at high level of salt and Sis 13, P2 and Local were the least in yield. Moreover, the results of principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that the superior wheat genotypes for grain yield under salt stress in the two seasons (Auqab 2000, Bhan 2000, Yocara Rojo and Sakha 93) are clustered in group D. These genotypes can be considered as salinity resistant varieties. The maximum reduction over control under salt stress was recorded in Australian genotypes (P6 and P9) and local genotype 'Sama'.

scholarly journals Agricultural management and pesticide use reduce the phosphorus uptake capability of beneficial plant symbionts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Edlinger ◽  
Gina Garland ◽  
Samiran Banerjee ◽  
Florine Degrune ◽  
Pablo García-Palacios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Cereal Fields ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Hyphal Compartment

Abstract Phosphorus (P) acquisition is key for global food production. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) help plants acquire P and are considered key for the design of sustainable agroecosystems. However, how the functioning of AMF varies across agricultural soils and responds to management practices is still unknown. Here, we collected soils from 150 cereal fields and 60 non-cropped grassland sites across Europe, and in a greenhouse experiment, we tested the ability of AMF in these soils to forage for radioisotope-labelled 33P from a hyphal compartment. Hyphal-mediated P uptake was 64% higher in non-cropped grassland compared to cropland soils. Soil pH and organic carbon best explained the hyphal-mediated P uptake in the grasslands, while the use of fungicide in croplands reduced P uptake in the croplands by 43%. Our results suggest that land-use intensity and fungicide use are major deterrents to the natural capacity of AMF to contribute to sustainable crop production.

scholarly journals The Effects of Biochar on Indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi from Agroenvironments

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
María Videgain-Marco ◽  
Pedro Marco-Montori ◽  
Clara Martí-Dalmau ◽  
María del Carmen Jaizme-Vega ◽  
Joan Josep Manyà-Cervelló ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Nutrient Dynamics ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
The Impact

The effects of biochar on soil–plant–microorganisms systems are currently being extensively investigated. Considering that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an essential role in nutrient dynamics, the present study aims at understanding vine shoot-derived biochar effects on AMF activity and the impact of their multiplication in soils on water-stress resistance of plants. Three agronomic tests were performed in greenhouse pots. The first experiment evaluated the effects of three factors: final pyrolysis temperature for biochar production (400 °C and 600 °C), application rate (0 weight-wt.- % as a control, 1.5 wt. %, and 3.0 wt. %) and texture of the growing media (sandy-loam and clay-loam origin) on AMF, microbial communities and phosphatase activity. In the second experiment, an indigenous consortium of AMF was multiplied through the solid substrate method and sorghum as a trap plant with biochar addition. This process was compared to a control treatment without biochar. Obtained inocula were tested in a third experiment with lettuce plants under different water irrigation conditions. Results from the first experiment showed a general increase in AMF activity with the addition of the biochar produced at 400 °C in the sandy-loam texture substrate. Results of the second experiment showed that the biochar addition increased AMF root colonization, the number of AMF spores and AMF infective potential. Results of the third experiment showed that biochar-derived AMF inoculum increased AMF root colonization, AMF spores, dry biomass and the SPAD index in a lettuce crop under low-water irrigation conditions.

scholarly journals Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Phosphate–Solubilizing Bacteria, and Silicon to P Uptake by Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Etesami ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong ◽  
Bernard R. Glick
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
P Fertilizers

Phosphorus (P) availability is usually low in soils around the globe. Most soils have a deficiency of available P; if they are not fertilized, they will not be able to satisfy the P requirement of plants. P fertilization is generally recommended to manage soil P deficiency; however, the low efficacy of P fertilizers in acidic and in calcareous soils restricts P availability. Moreover, the overuse of P fertilizers is a cause of significant environmental concerns. However, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), phosphate–solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and the addition of silicon (Si) are effective and economical ways to improve the availability and efficacy of P. In this review the contributions of Si, PSB, and AMF in improving the P availability is discussed. Based on what is known about them, the combined strategy of using Si along with AMF and PSB may be highly useful in improving the P availability and as a result, its uptake by plants compared to using either of them alone. A better understanding how the two microorganism groups and Si interact is crucial to preserving soil fertility and improving the economic and environmental sustainability of crop production in P deficient soils. This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge concerning the interactions among AMF, PSB, and Si in enhancing P availability and its uptake by plants in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphate Fertilizer and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on The Nutrient, Phosphateuptake and in Vitro Digestibility of Alfalfa

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Suwignyo ◽  
Bela Putra ◽  
Nafiatul Umami ◽  
Cahyo Wulandari ◽  
Ristianto Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Total P

This study aimed to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate (P) fertilizer on the nutrient content, phosphate uptake and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).The research was conducted at green house of Forage and Pastures Science Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design using 3x4 factorial patterns with four replications. The first factor was dosage of phosphate fertilizer SP 36 (0, 60, and 120 kg/ha). Second factor was the dosage of AMF (0, 0.8, 1.6, and 2.4kg/ha). The variable measured was nutrient contents (crude protein, dry matter, and organic matter), total P uptake and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility. The results showed that the interaction of AMF and P fertilizer had no significant effect on crude protein and total P uptake, but highly significant effect on the parameters of dry matter, organic matter and dry matter and organic matter in vitro digestibility. 

scholarly journals Efficacy of Bio-inoculants Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphorus on Micronutrient Status of Leaves and Soil in Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Layers in Nursery Condition

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kumari ◽  
R. R. Singh ◽  
Ruby Rani ◽  
Mahendra Singh ◽  
Uday Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Copper Content ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) originated from South China, it is sub-tropical evergreen fruit crops, especially grown on the marginal climate of tropics and subtropics. It is delicious juicy fruit of India having excellent nutritional quality, pleasant flavoured, good amount of antioxidant and vitamins C, vitamin B-complex and phytonutrients flavonoids. It has a great potential to earn foreign exchange in the national and international market through export. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) infection is a common association between plant roots and microorganisms. It is responsible for increasing plant nutrient uptake and also increases in macro and micronutrients in leaf. Therefore, the present work has been analyzed macro and micro nutrients from soil and leaf, after 60, 90 and 120 days after inoculation of two bio-inoculants with phosphorus (SSP) including nine treatments with three replications. After 120 days of inoculation both the species of mycorrhizal combination with phosphorus application were very effective. Highest Copper content is (10.99 ppm), Zinc (33.17 ppm), Iron (121.47 ppm) and Manganese (15.33 ppm) was recorded in case T5 (G. mosseae 10 g + Phosphorus 50 mg kg-1 of soil) which is gradually increases. The soil nutrient content gradually decreased with time duration but no- significant difference was found among treatments after 120 days inoculation. After 120 days potting result was found that the Copper content is (1.70 ppm), Zinc (3.07 ppm), Iron (7.80 ppm) and Manganese (4.00 ppm) was recorded in case T5 (G. mosseae 10 g + Phosphorus 50 mg kg-1 of soil).this research was undertaken to find out whether Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) infection and phosphorus affect the micro-nutrient status of soil and leaves in nursery stage.

Dual mycorrhizal symbiosis: an asset for eucalypts out of Australia?

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Djamila Adjoud-Sadadou ◽  
Rosa Halli-Hargas
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Mycorrhizal Status ◽  
Old Trees

The dual symbiotic habit of the genus Eucalyptus is well documented: while arbuscular mycorrhizae are always dominant in seedlings and young trees, they are replaced by ectomycorrhizae in older trees. Here, the mycorrhizal status of eucalypts of different ages was assessed over the year in three plantations in the humid Mediterranean climate zone of Algeria (using morphological, anatomical, and histological criteria) and quantified in the dry and wet seasons over three years (using the grid-line intersect method of Giovannetti and Mosse (1980, New Phytol. 84: 489–500, doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1980.tb04556.x ) on randomized fine root segments). Unexpectedly, the results revealed the persistence of arbuscular mycorrhizae in old trees and their dominance over ectomycorrhizae during the dry season, while the opposite pattern was observed in the wet season. Composite mycorrhizae displaying intimately mixed arbuscular mycorrhizae and ectomycorrhizae anatomical structures also occurred and were more frequent during the dry season. Eucalypts were clearly able to form a wide diversity of symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi locally associated with native trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants. Therefore, the mycorrhizal status should not be a limiting factor to the silviculture of eucalypts in this area of Algeria because the dual symbiotic habit provides complementary benefits in a poor soil and in an alien environment.

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