scholarly journals Response of some wheat genotypes to different salinity levels of Irrigated water

Plant Omics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Soleman M. Al Otayk
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salinity Levels

Salinity is one of the major constraints for crop production across the world. Saudi Arabia is dominated with desert environment with high salinity in the central region of the country. Therefore, salinity has a limiting factor for cereal crops in this region. The objective of this study was to assess the productivity and quality characters for some wheat (Triticum aestivum L) genotypes under different salinity levels of Irrigated water (control, 4000, 8000 ppm NaCl). The experiment was conducted during 2011 and 2012 seasons. The trial was conducted under greenhouse environmental condition at Qassim University Agricultural Research and Experimental Station during 2011 and 2012 seasons. Twenty wheat genotypes including: 5 genotypes from ICARDA, 7 genotypes from Pakistan, 5 Australian genotypes, one American genotype (Yocora Rojo), one Egyptian genotype (Sakha 93) and one local genotype (Sama) were used in this study. Results from wheat genotype trial showed a significant difference (p<0.05) for all traits due to increased salinity in irrigation water from 4000 to 8000 ppm. There was a significant difference between the varieties for plant height, 1000-kernel weight, number of kernels spike-1 and Na for grain and straw. The interaction effect was significant in number of spikes, 1000-kernel weight and Na for grain and hay and Na / K cereal. The results showed that Auqab 2000, Bhan 2000 and Shaka 93 have the highest yield at high level of salt and Sis 13, P2 and Local were the least in yield. Moreover, the results of principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that the superior wheat genotypes for grain yield under salt stress in the two seasons (Auqab 2000, Bhan 2000, Yocara Rojo and Sakha 93) are clustered in group D. These genotypes can be considered as salinity resistant varieties. The maximum reduction over control under salt stress was recorded in Australian genotypes (P6 and P9) and local genotype 'Sama'.

scholarly journals Effect of Phosphorus and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Inoculation on Growth and Productivity of Maize (Zea mays L.) in a Tropical Ferralsol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audry Tshibangu Kazadi ◽  
Jonas Lwalaba wa Lwalaba ◽  
Bibich Kirika Ansey ◽  
Judith Mavungu Muzulukwau ◽  
Gabriella Manda Katabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSoil fertility in the Lubumbashi region often proves to be limiting factor for crop production due to their low nutrient reserves. The objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizae on phosphorus uptake by maize on Ferralsol. The trial was conducted in pots with 30 kg or 60 kg of P2O5 ha−1 and a control. These three levels of phosphorus were combined or not with arbuscular mycorrhizae. The combinations of 30 kg or 60 kg of phosphorus with the inoculum led to a male flowering of maize at 63 days after semi. Maize treated with 60 kg of phosphorus ha−1 formed very few or almost no blisters in the roots. Cob weight, length, diameter, number of rows and kernel weight varied significantly with phosphorus on both inoculated and uninoculated pots. The inoculated plants had high averages for these yield parameters. Due to the lack of phosphate fertilizer, inoculum alone can be an alternative to phosphorus provided that nitrogen and potassium are added, resulting in small but seed-filled ears compared to the phosphorus-free control without mycorrhizae, which resulted in empty ears. Yield varied significantly with the addition of phosphorus (0.3 to 6.1 tons ha−1) and less significantly with inoculum (3 to 3.7 t ha−1). The combination of treatments showed a significant difference in favour of the 60 kg of phosphorus or 60 kg of phosphorus associated with the inoculum. The highest phosphorus content was obtained on the inoculum treatment alone, which provided 1.4 mg phosphorus g−1 maize compared to other treatments, which provided 0.69 to 0.71 mg phosphorus g−1 maize.

scholarly journals Effect of foliar spray with sulfosalicylic acid on morphological and yield traits of chickpea under salinity conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 2139
Author(s):  
Savita J. ◽  
Somveer Jakhar
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Sulfosalicylic Acid ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Significant Concentration

Salinity is one of the limiting environmental factors for crop production. Chickpea has special importance among the legumes especially in arid and semi-arid regions and is sensitive to salinity. Therefore, it becomes necessary to make a plan to mitigate the salinity effect on this plant. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted in the net house of Department of Botany, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra to investigate the role of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) at different concentrations (10-4, 10-5 and 10-6 M) in overcoming salinity stress imposed on chickpea plants in natural conditions. Different salinity levels (0, 50 mM, 100 mM and 150 mM) were applied and caused a significant reduction in morphological and yield parameters. Our main findings are as follows: (1) Salt stress has detrimental effects on growth and physiology of plants. (2) Application of SSA at 10-5 M was the most significant concentration in modulating the inhibitory effects of salt stress.

scholarly journals PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS OF TRITICUM PETROPAVLOVSKYI AND ITS SPONTANEOUS MACROMUTANTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-53
Author(s):  
B. V. Romanov ◽  
K. I. Pimonov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Specific Productivity ◽  
Product Characteristics ◽  
Product Features ◽  
Triticum Petropavlovskyi ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Study Results

The studies were conducted on the experimental field of the FSBSI “Federal Russian Agricultural Research Center”, whose soils are ordinary blackearth (chernozem). 25 productive shoots of each sample were taken in their full ripeness, and, when the seeds reached standard humidity, there was performed a structural analysis in the laboratory. T. petropavlovskyi and spontaneous macromutant forms emerged from cultivation were used as the objects of study. In the process of a long-term cultivation of T. petropavlovskyi in the collection, there were identified numerous spontaneous macromutant forms of a specific nature. The paper presents the study results of the product characteristics of T.petropavlovskyi and spontaneous macromutant forms which are phenotypically close to T. spelta and soft-like T. aestivum and typical soft wheat T. aestivum. It has been established that product characteristics of speltoid macromutant wheat are significantly inferior to the original T. petropavlovskyi and macromutant soft wheat T. aestivum. Product features of soft-like macromutant T. aestivum is similar to the original T. petropavlovskyi, but has a smaller sprout weight and, correspondingly, lower grain productivity. The most promising variety for breeding process is the macromutant typical soft wheat T. aestivum, which forms a larger number of grains and, due to this, has an advantage in ‘kernel weight per head’ over all samples, including the initial form. The value of this macromutant form can also be determined by the high coefficient of specific productivity (Csp), which indicates a more efficient work of its vegetative organs. Consequently, the macromutant T. aestivum, which is phenomenally similar to the existing varieties of soft wheat, promises a high hybridization efficiency with the latter. Thus, the macromutant form of T. aestivum, developed on the basis of the T. petropavlovskyi genotype, is of some value as an initial material for breeding practice.

scholarly journals Responses of Maize Varieties to Salt Stress in Relation to Germination and Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuurismaan Hassan ◽  
Md. Kamrul Hasan ◽  
Md. Obaidullah Shaddam ◽  
Mohammad Sohidul Islam ◽  
Celaleddin Barutçular ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Maize Varieties

A pot experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohamad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Bangladesh during 2016 to evaluate the response of maize varieties at germination and seedling growth stages under salt stress. The seeds of the BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute) developed four maize varietiesviz.Barnali, Khoi Vutta, Mohor and BARI Maize 5 were placed in plastic pots (each of 25 cm length and 12 cm width) on sand bed irrigated with tap water (control), 100 and 200 mM NaCl salt solutions. It was replicated in thrice with completely randomized design (CRD). Salinity stress significantly affected the germination characters and seedling growth parameters of maize varieties. The germination percentages (GP) and germination rate (GR) reduced significantly with increasing salinity, and the variety Khoi Vutta showed the highest GP and GR followed by Barnali and Mohor showed the lowest GP and GR followed by BARI maize 5. Under high salinity level, seedling growths characteristics like shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots reduced remarkably in the variety Mohor indicating salt susceptible while the minimum reduction of the aforementioned traits was observed in the variety Khoi Vutta demonstrating high salt tolerant variety. The studied varieties can be ranked on the basis of salt tolerance as Khoi Vutta > Barnali > BARI Maize 5 > Mohor from the experiment.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SEED INOCULATION BY RHIZOTORFIN STRAINS ON CHICKPEA PRODUCTIVITY IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE ROSTOV REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
S. A. Vasilchenko ◽  
G. V. Metlina ◽  
Yu. V. Laktionov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Seed Inoculation ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Nutrition Value

The article presents the study results of seed inoculation by specific strains Mesorhizobiumciceri on number and weight of chickpea root nodules, productivity and nutrition value of chickpea cultivated in the southern nature-climatic part of the Rostov region.  The study was conducted on the fields of FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (in the laboratory of cultivation technology of row crops) located in the southern part of the Rostov region in 2015–2016. The soil of the plot was heavy loamy carbonate blackearth (chernozem) with 7.0 рН, 3.2% of humus, 18–25 of P2O5 mg/kg of soil and 350–400 of K2O mg/kg of soil. The object of the study was a chickpea variety ‘Volgogradsky 10’, approved to use in the Rostov region. The strains of nodule bacteria (Rhyzotorfin) were developed and presented by the FSBSI All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Microbiology (the laboratory of ecology of symbiotic and associative rhizobacteria). Agroclimatic conditions of chickpea vegetation period ranged throughout the years of study that allowed estimating chickpea productivity without fear or favor. The use of Rhyzotorfin strains resulted in increasing preservation of plants for harvesting, improving seed productivity (seed-weight per plant, 1000-kernel weight) and increasing grain productivity (with the increase on 0.24–0.51 t/ha compared with the control). Large yields of fodder units and raw protein per unit area testified the improvement of nutrition value of chickpea kernels, and the increase of these traits to the control was 0.33–0.68 t/ha and 26.5-93.1 kg/ha respectively.

scholarly journals The role of the upper leaves in the formation of productivity and its elements in the varieties and lines of winter bread wheat of intensive type

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
V. L. Gaze ◽  
E. V. Ionova ◽  
V. A. Likhovidova ◽  
O. V. Skripka
Keyword(s):  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Head Formation ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Photosynthesis Efficiency ◽  
Productive Systems

The current paper has presented the study results on estimating the effect of the upper leaves’ area of winter bread wheat samples on productivity and its elements. There have been tested nine winter bread wheat varieties of intensive type developed in the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The current study has identified that the largest upper leaves’ area under insufficient moisture supply during the periods of head formation and flowering was produced by the variety “Etyud” (31 cm2 in a heading period; 29.4 cm2 in a flowering period). During the period of milky kernel ripening, the variety “Shef” has also shown the largest upper leaves’ area under insufficient moisture supply (17.7 cm2). The variety “Yubiley Dona” has shown a minimal decrease in the upper leaves area to milky kernel ripeness (40%). The evaluation results of productivity and its structure have shown that the largest value of the number of productive stems per 1 m2 in arid conditions was identified in the varieties “Etyud” (261 pcs.) and “Shef” (254 pcs.). According to the number of kernels per main head, the variety “Donskaya Step” was the best with 32 pcs. Large kernel weight per main head was identified in the varieties “Donskaya Step” (0.72 g), “Shef” and “Etyud” (0.67 g), and according to 1000 kernel weight the varieties “Etyud” (25.9 g) and “Zodiak” (25.2 g) were the best ones. The varieties “Etyud” (163.7 g/m2) and “Shef” (168.6 g/m2) have produced the maximum yields, that means the best functioning of all productive systems of winter bread wheat. The estimation of the samples according to the correlation between photosynthesis efficiency of the upper leaves’ area and kernel percentage (ZFL) has identified the samples “Donskaya Step”, “1005/14”, “Univer”. According to the correlation between photosynthesis efficiency of the upper leaves’ area and kernel weight per head (MFFL) the variety “Donskaya Step” showed the best results. The conducted study ad obtained results made it possible to identify the varieties “Shef”, “Etyud” and “Donskaya Step”. The identified varieties have been proposed for further use in the breeding process.

scholarly journals Germination, Mineral Composition, and Ion Uptake in Walnut Under Salinity Conditions

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1352-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Lotfi ◽  
Kourosh Vahdati ◽  
Bahman Kholdebarin ◽  
Elaheh Najafian Ashrafi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
The Mean

Walnut (J. regia L.) is one of the most sensitive plants to abiotic stresses for which finding salt-tolerant genetic resources is very important. Effects of salt stress on seed germination of seven walnut cultivars (Serr, Lara, Pedro, Chandler, Hartely, Vina, and Roun de Montignac) were studied. Salt stress treatments were applied using NaCl solutions ranging from 50 to 250 mm. The increase in salinity levels resulted in a substantial decrease in root relative water content. The percent of germination was also affected by salinity level and cultivar and their interactions. The mean germination time differed among treatment media and cultivars and a significant interaction was observed between these two factors. According to the cluster analysis, ‘Chandler’ was classified as the most tolerant cultivar. ‘Hartley’, ‘Pedro’, and ‘Round de Montignac’ (‘RDM’) were also classified in another group (semisensitive), whereas ‘Vina’, ‘Serr’, and ‘Lara’ were classified as sensitive cultivars. With the increase in salt stress, resistant cultivars accumulated more potassium (K) and calcium, especially in their shoots. However, in the semitolerant cultivars, accumulation of K in the root was more than in the shoot. Differences in magnesium accumulation in roots and shoots of all samples were significant at all stress levels and were dependent on genotypes. Sodium levels in roots were higher than in the shoots in most cultivars, especially in the semisensitive and tolerant ones. There was a low correlation (r2 ≤ 0.15) between walnut seed traits (seed weight and kernel weight) and growth indices with respect to salinity tolerance.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF OSMOTIC PRESSURE ON GERMINATION OF SUNFLOWER SEEDS (Helianthus annuus L.) / EFECTO DE LA PRESION OSMOTICA SOBRE LA GERMINACION DE SEMILLAS DEL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / INFLUENCE DE LA PRESSION OSMOTIQUE SUR LA GERMINATION DE LA SEMENCE DE TOURNESOL (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (35) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed El Midaoui ◽  
Ahmed Talouizte ◽  
Mohamed Benbella ◽  
Hervé Serieys ◽  
Yves Griveau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Arid Areas ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYIn arid and semi arid areas, water is the most limiting factor of crop production. Germination is susceptible to water shortage. Experimentation was undertaken to study the effect of water stress on germination of seeds of three sunflower genotypes (Oro 9, Mirasol and Albena). Six PEG 6000 osmotic constraints were tested (0, -0.4, -0.6, -1, -1.2 and -1.6 MPa). Results showed no significant difference between germination percent of the control and -0.4 MPa treatment and between -0.8, -1 and -1.2 MPa treatments. Germination percent was most reduced at -1.6 MPa (-65%). Mean germination duration was also affected and the highest value was obtained for -1.6 MPa (4.95 days, related to an increase of 185%). Differences between genotypes were significant in the treatment at -1 MPa.

scholarly journals Evaluation of bread wheat genotypes under rain-fed conditions in Terai districts of Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-315
Author(s):  
Deepak Pandey ◽  
Khem Raj Pant ◽  
Biswas Raj Bastola ◽  
Rabin Giri ◽  
Suman Bohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
High Yielding Varieties

Thirty four percent of the total wheat cultivated area is under rain-fed condition in Nepal and that of the Terai is nineteen percent. The objective of this study was to develop drought tolerant and high yielding varieties of wheat for timely sown rain-fed environments. Coordinated Varietal trial (CVT) was carried out in normal wheat growing season during 2016/17 and 2017/18. The research was conducted at five locations (Rampur, Bhairahawa, Doti, Jitpur and Nepalgunj) of five research stations of Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC) throughout the Terai region in alpha lattice design with two replications. Data on different yield attributing traits were recorded. In the CVT-TTL 2016/17 highly significant difference (p<0.01) among the genotypes was found for days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of grains per spike and thousand kernel weight and significant difference (p<0.05) for grain yield. The highest grain yield was observed in NL 1326 (2954 kg/ha) which was followed by NL 1327 (2819 kg/ha), NL 1211 (2719 kg/ha), NL1202 (2683 kg/ha), BL 4707 (2654 kg/ha) and BL 4708 (2652 kg/ha).  Similarly, in CVT-TTL 2017/18, highly significant difference (p<0.01) among the genotypes was observed for the days to heading, days to maturity and plant height and non-significant different for number of grains per spike, grain yield and TGW.  However, Genotype by Environment (G x E) was found highly significant (p<0.01) for the days to heading, plant height, grain yield and TGW and significant different (p<0.05) for number of grains per spike. The highest grain yield was obtained in NL1322 (2305 kg/ha) which was followed by NL1369 (2287 kg/ha), NL 1202 (2205 kg/ha), BL 4708 (2197 kg/ha) and BL 4820 (2118 kg/ha). Among these tested genotypes BL 4708, NL 1202, NL 1211, NL 1307, NL 1327 and NL 1369 are recommended for the coordinated farmer's field trial for further verification and release as variety.

scholarly journals Germination and Growth in Control and Primed Seeds of Pepper as Affected by Salt Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Aloui ◽  
M. Souguir ◽  
S. Latique ◽  
C. Hannachi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Three Solutions ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
And Control ◽  
Germination And Growth

Abstract Salinity is an important abiotic stress which can affect crop production in the world. One of the simplest methods for improving salinity tolerance of plants is seeds priming. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of seeds priming with three solutions (KCl , NaCl and CaCl2) in germination and later growth of three pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars: Beldi, Baklouti and Anaheim Chili. Seeds germination was conducted in a completely randomized design under seven salinity levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 g L-1) at room temperature for primed and control seeds. Plants derived from these germinated seeds (control and primed) were transplanted and cultivated in a greenhouse for 4 months and were irrigated permanently with seven salinity levels (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 g L-1). The results showed that salinity affected all parameters under study like total germination percentage and chlorophyll level (a and b). As well, proline content increased as response to increasing salinity. The plants derived and grown from primed seeds showed a considerable tolerance to salt stress and gave better results. In fact, priming improved the salt resistance of pepper owing to more chlorophyll and proline accumulation. These results suggest that seed priming induced possible physiological adjustments in pepper seeds, especially in the early stages of development, and could be used as a suitable tool for improving germination and growth characteristics under salt stress conditions.

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